scholarly journals DENSIDADE POPULACIONAL E ANÁLISE COMPORTAMENTAL DE CEBUS APELLA NA MATA DOS MACACOS ANTES E DURANTE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stéfane Ripari RODRIGUES ◽  
Vanessa Veronose ORTUNHO
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Capuchin Monkey ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Natural Behavior

A pesquisa teve como objetivo acompanhar as mudanças populacionais e comportamentais da população de Cebus apella que vive na Mata dos Macacos em Santa Fé Do Sul/SP e investigar mudanças que afetaram direta ou indiretamente a população de macaco prego no período anterior e durante a pandemia da Covid-19. A mata é um local turístico onde os animais têm contato direto com os turistas e têm alimentação livre de acordo com o que os visitantes oferecem. Com a pandemia e, consequentemente, o fechamento do local, observaram-se mudanças na população, que mostrou comportamentos, tamanho da população e interação com os humanos alterados. Com as visitas de antes e durante a pandemia, foram registradas todas as alterações observadas de acordo com a situação que a mata vivenciou. Os macacos que, anteriormente, tinham visitas frequentes e comida à vontade, com a pandemia, tiveram a situação transformada, forçando-os a voltarem a ter seus comportamentos mais naturais, buscando seu alimento e sem ligação com turistas.   POPULATION DENSITY AND BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS OF CEBUS APELLA AT MATA DOS MACACOS BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC   ABSTRACT The research aimed at monitoring population and behavioral changes of Cebus paella population living in Mata dos Macacos in Santa Fé do Sul, as well as investigating changes that directly or indirectly affected the capuchin monkey population in the period before and during Covid-19 pandemic. The woods are a tourist place where animals are in direct contact with tourists who feed them freely. With the pandemic, and consequently the local lockdown, it was possible to identify some changes in the troop, where behavior, population size, and interaction with humans were changed. With the visits before and during the pandemic, all the changes observed were reported accordingly the situation experienced in the woods. The monkeys that were previously visited and were freely fed, due to de pandemic, had their situation changed and they were forced to switch back to their natural behavior, hunting for their food with no connections with tourists.   Descriptors: Cebus apella. Behavior, Visits.

scholarly journals Population Density or Populations Size. Which Factor Determines Urban Traffic Congestion?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4280
Author(s):  
Yu Sang Chang ◽  
Sung Jun Jo ◽  
Yoo-Taek Lee ◽  
Yoonji Lee
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Small Population ◽  
High Density ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Contradictory Result ◽  
Low Density

A large number of articles have documented that as population density of cities increases, car use declines and public transit use rises. These articles had a significant impact of promoting high-density compact urban development to mitigate traffic congestion. Another approach followed by other researchers used the urban scaling model to indicate that traffic congestion increases as population size of cities increases, thus generating a possible contradictory result. Therefore, this study examines the role of both density and population size on traffic congestion in 164 global cities by the use of Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology model. We divide 164 cities into the two subgroups of 66 low density cities and 98 high density cities for analysis. The findings from the subgroups analysis indicated a clear-cut difference on the critical role of density in low-density cities and the exclusive role of population size in high-density cities. Furthermore, using threshold regression model, 164 cities are divided into the two regions of large and small population cities to determine population scale advantage of traffic congestion. Our findings highlight the importance of including analysis of subgroups based on density and/or population size in future studies of traffic congestion.

Adjustment of fecundity and sex ratio in response to social environments in a haplodiploid mite

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuwan Weerawansha ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Xiong Zhao He
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Large Populations

Animals can adjust reproductive strategies in favour of corporation or competition in response to local population size and density, the two key factors of social environments. However, previous studies usually focus on either population size or density but ignore their interactions. Using a haplodiploid spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, we carried out a factorial experiment in the laboratory to examine how ovipositing females adjust their fecundity and offspring sex ratio during their early reproductive life under various population size and density. We reveal that females laid significantly more eggs with increasing population size and significantly fewer eggs with increasing population density. This suggests that large populations favour cooperation between individuals and dense populations increase competition. We demonstrate a significant negative interaction of population size and density that resulted in significantly fewer eggs laid in the large and dense populations. Furthermore, we show that females significantly skewed the offspring sex ratio towards female-biased in small populations to reduce the local mate competition among their sons. However, population density incurred no significant impact on offspring sex ratio, while the significant positive interaction of population size and density significantly increased the proportion of female offspring in the large and dense populations, which will minimise food or space competition as females usually disperse after mating at crowded conditions. These results also suggest that population density affecting sex allocation in T. ludeni is intercorrelated with population size. This study provides evidence that animals can manipulate their reproductive output and adjust offspring sex ratio in response to various social environments, and the interactions of different socio-environmental factors may play significant roles.

The Electrocardiogram, Vectorcardiogram and Spatiocardiogram in the Capuchin Monkey (Cebus apella)1

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SZABUNIEWRCZ ◽  
W. L. SCHWARTZ ◽  
J. D. MCCRADY ◽  
L. H. RUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Capuchin Monkey

scholarly journals Interactions between Kazachstania humilis Yeast Species and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Sourdough

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Carbonetto ◽  
Thibault Nidelet ◽  
Stéphane Guezenec ◽  
Marc Perez ◽  
Diego Segond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Sourdough Yeast

Sourdoughs harbor simple microbial communities usually composed of a few prevailing lactic acid bacteria species (LAB) and yeast species. However, yeast and LAB found in sourdough have been described as highly diverse. Even if LAB and yeast associations have been widely documented, the nature of the interactions between them has been poorly described. These interactions define the composition and structure of sourdough communities, and therefore, the characteristics of the final bread product. In this study, the nature of the interactions between strains of two commonly found sourdough yeast species, Kazachstania humilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and lactic acid bacteria isolated from sourdoughs has been analyzed. Population density analysis showed no evidence of positive interactions, but instead revealed neutral or negative asymmetric interaction outcomes. When in coculture, the yeasts´ population size decreased in the presence of LAB regardless of the strain, while the LAB´s population size was rarely influenced by the presence of yeasts. However, a higher maltose depletion was shown in maltose-negative K. humilis and maltose-positive obligately heterofermentative LAB cocultures compared to monocultures. In addition, tested pairs of obligately heterofermentative LAB and K. humilis strains leavened dough as much as couples of LAB and S. cerevisiae strains, while K. humilis strains never leavened dough as much as S. cerevisiae when in monoculture. Taken together, our results demonstrate that even if higher fermentation levels with increased maltose depletion were detected for K. humilis and obligately heterofermentative LAB pairs, these interactions cannot be ecologically classified as positive, leading us to rethink the established hypothesis of coexistence by facilitation in sourdoughs.

Fish population size, and not density, as the determining factor of parasite infection: a case study

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. BAGGE ◽  
R. POULIN ◽  
E. T. VALTONEN
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
The Mean

The diversity and abundance of parasites vary widely among populations of the same host species. These infection parameters are, to some extent, determined by characteristics of the host population or of its habitat. Recent studies have supported predictions derived from epidemiological models regarding the influence of host population density: parasite abundance and parasite species richness are expected to increase with increasing host population density, at least for directly transmitted parasites. Here, we test this prediction using a natural system in which populations of the crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.), occur alone, with no other fish species, in a series of 9 isolated ponds in Finland. The ectoparasite communities in these fish populations consist of only 4 species of monogeneans (Dactylogyrus formosus, D. wegeneri, D. intermedius and Gyrodactylus carassii); the total and relative abundance of these 4 species varies among ponds, with one or two of the species missing from certain ponds. Across ponds, only one factor, total fish population size, explained a significant portion of the variance in both the mean number of monogenean species per fish and the mean total abundance of monogenean individual per fish. In contrast, fish population density did not influence either monogenean abundance or species richness, and neither did any of the other variables investigated (mean fish length per pond, number of fish examined per pond, distance to the nearest lake, and several water quality measures). In our system, proximity among fish individuals (i.e. host population density) may not be relevant to the proliferation of monogeneans; instead, the overall availability of host individuals in the host population appeared to be the main constraint limiting parasite population growth.

scholarly journals Visual responses of ganglion cells of a New‐World primate, the capuchin monkey, Cebus apella

2000 ◽  
Vol 528 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry B. Lee ◽  
Luiz Carlos L. Silveira ◽  
Elizabeth S. Yamada ◽  
David M. Hunt ◽  
Jan Kremers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Capuchin Monkey ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
World Primate

Cultural Evolution, Suicide and Homicide

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Homicide Rates

The ratio of the suicide rate to the sum of the suicide and homicide rates was not associated with the population size or population density of a sample of nations in 1980

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