THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF THE NEOLITHIC CERAMICS FROM THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION BASED ON THE PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 378-393
Author(s):  
К. М. Андреев ◽  
М. А. Кулькова ◽  
А. В. Сомов
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Middle Volga

В работе представлены результаты петрографического анализа неолитической посуды Среднего Поволжья. Для изучения были отобраны 52 образца керамики елшанской и средневолжской культур с 11 памятников данного региона (рис. 1-4). Петрографический анализ керамики позволяет установить минералогический состав глин и отощителей, выявить рецептуру керамического теста, определить температуру и условия обжига, а также предположить возможные источники сырья. В результате проведенных исследований было установлено, что при изготовлении неолитической посуды существовала определенная региональная специфика. Полученные результаты не противоречат типологическим построениям исследователей, стратиграфическим наблюдениям и способствуют расширению понимания керамического производства в лесостепном Поволжье. The paper reports on the results of petrographic analysis of Neolithic vessels from the Middle Volga region. The analysis included 52 ceramic samples of the Elshanka and the Middle Volga cultures originating from 11 sites of this region (Fig. 1-4). Petrographic analysis of ceramics offers an opportunity to identify the mineralogical composition of clays and tempering materials, identify the formulation of ceramic paste, determine temperature and conditions of firing as well as suggest possible raw material deposits. Our studies have found that manufacturing of Neolithic vessels had some regional distinctive features. The results obtained are quite consistent with typological classifications of researchers, and stratigraphical observations, adding essentially to our understanding of ceramic production in the forest-steppe belt of the Volga region.

scholarly journals RAW MATERIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
В.А. Гущина ◽  
Е.А. Кутихина
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Material Productivity

Регуляторы роста растений являются одной из самых перспективных групп пестицидов, достоинства которых состоят в том, что они безвредны, экологически безопасны и высокоэффективны при низких нормах расхода биологически активных веществ полифункционального действия. Препаратом, обладающим такими свойствами, является Циркон, производимый на основе растительного сырья эхинацеи пурпурной. В связи с этим, целью исследований является установление влияния способов применения Циркона на сырьевую продуктивность календулы лекарственной сорта Кальта в условиях неустойчивого увлажнения лесостепи Среднего Поволжья. На черноземно-луговой почве в 2018-2020 гг. коллекционного участка ФГБОУ ВО Пензенский ГАУ заложен однофакторный опыт по способам использования препарата. Самым засушливым по условиям увлажнения (ГТК – 0,61) был первый год проведения эксперимента, два следующих – характеризовались недостаточным увлажнением. Сбор сырья по годам исследований продолжался 43, 63, 87 дней соответственно. В среднем за три года стимулирование семян и растений Цирконом увеличило количество соцветий на 5…18 шт./растение, причем их максимум наблюдался от сочетания обработок. Наиболее продуктивными 63,3 г были растения, где дважды использовали препарат Циркон. Масса соцветий в контроле составила 48,4 г/растение. От некорневой подкормки она увеличилась на 5,2 г, а от предпосевной обработки семян на 12,1 г. Урожайность сырья, высушенного при температуре 45…50 ºС, находилась в пределах 1,79…2,72 т/га. Двукратное использование Циркона увеличило сырьевую продуктивность на 0,93 т/га. При однократном применении препарата урожайность возросла до 1,94…2,58 т/га. Причем обработка семян перед посевом оказалась более эффективной, чем некорневая подкормка. Plant growth regulators are one of the most promising groups of pesticides, the advantages of which are that they are harmless, environmentally safe and highly effective at low consumption rates of biologically active substances of multifunctional action. The preparation that has such properties is Zircon. It is produced on the basis of plant raw materials of Echinacea purpurea. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to establish the influence of Zircon-using methods on the raw material productivity of Calendula officinalis of the Kalta variety in the conditions of unstable moistening of the Middle Volga region forest-steppe. In 2018-2020, a single-factor experiment on the methods of using the preparation was conducted on the chernozem-meadow soil site of the Penza State Agrarian University. The first year of the experiment was the driest in terms of moisture conditions (HTC – 0.61). The next two years were characterized by insufficient moisture. Gathering raw materials during the years of research lasted 43, 63, 87 days, respectively. Over three research years, the Zircon stimulation of seeds and plants increased the number of inflorescences by 5...18 pcs./plant. It must be noted that their maximum was observed in a combination of treatments. The most productive (63.3 g) were plants where the Zircon preparation was used twice. The inflorescence mass in the control option counted to 48.4 g/plant. With foliar nutrition, it increased by 5.2 g, and with pre-sowing seed treatment – by 12.1 g. The yield of raw materials, dried at a temperature of 45 ... 50°C, counted in the range of 1.79...2.72 t/ha. The double application of Zircon increased the raw material productivity by 0.93 t/ha. With a single preparation application, the yield increased to 1.94...2.58 t/ha. It must be noted that the pre-sowing seed treatment was more effective than foliar fertilization.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Ol'ga Mullayanova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Traits For Breeding

The work was carried out in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Samara region. The purpose of the research is to conduct study samples of collection nursery of various ecological and geographical origins and identify new sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the forest – steppe of the Middle Volga region. The material for research was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat, including 108 foreign varieties and hybrids and 244 domestic samples of breeding institutions of the Russian Federation. Meteorological conditions during the research years were quite severe, and vegetation took place in arid and acutely arid conditions (hydrothermal coefficient in 2018 – 0.51, in 2019 – 0.48, with a long-term value in the region of 0.73). The greatest variability over the years of research was observed in the indicators of grain yield of samples (Сv=23.9...27.5 %) and plants height (Сv=10.8...12.9 %). According to the research results, 30 new genetic sources of economically valuable traits of spring soft wheat were identified. Sources of precocity (period of shoots-earing 35...37 days): Uralskaya kukushka, Chelyaba rannyaya, Tyumenskaya 25, Lutescens 70, Odeta, Libertina, Chi Mai, Long Fu 7, M83-1551. Sources of short stems (plants height 40...45 cm): KWS Torridon, KWS Jetstream, Florens, Eleganza, Long Fu 13. Sources of consistently high productivity (grain yield 415...554 g/m2, and the yield increase over the standard 71...210 g/m2): Erythrospermum 4089, Grekum 5523, Lutescens 6029, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Lutescens 6102/1-32, Lutescens 6102/1-34 Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, Ekada 214, Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 105, Lebedushka, Saratovskaya 73. Sources of high protein content (15.4...16.7 %) and gluten (36.0...42.0 %) in grain: Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

scholarly journals VARIETAL DIFFERENTIATION OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT BY MATURITY GROUPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
N.N. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Maturity Groups

In wheat selection, the earring period is a fairly reliable criterion for determining the ripeness group of the variety. The aim of the research was to determine the maturity groups of winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the middle Volga forest-steppe. 18 varieties of winter soft wheat included in the State register of selection achievements for the middle Volga region of Russia were used for research in machine seeding.102 varieties originating from 11 countries were used in manual seeding. It is established that the intra-and intervariental change of the date of winter soft wheat earning is weak and moderate. The share of genotype (variety) influence in the variability of the duration of the growing season of winter soft wheat is 56.1 %, the year conditions-4.4 %, and the “genotype-year” interaction-36.5 %. Among the assortment of winter soft wheat of domestic selection, 54% of varieties showed themselves to be medium – ripe, 24% – medium-early, 10% - medium-late. The late-maturing, early-maturing, and ultra-early-maturing groups only included single varieties in certain years. Among the studied assortment of the world wheat collection late maturity had variety of Germany, the earliness and medium early– wheat of China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia, medium maturing varieties of the Siberian region of the country. Wheat of different groups of ripeness were represented by varieties of Ukraine. The ultra-early and late-maturing varieties of foreign selection selected in the study are valuable as a source material for the selection of soft wheat for the duration of the growing season in the middle Volga forest-steppe.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROMINERAL MICROFERTILIZING MIXTURE APPLICATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRID

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Denis Potapov ◽  
Ramis Saniev ◽  
Vasiliy Vasin ◽  
Aleksey Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Middle Volga

The work presents the results of studies for 2017-2019, aimed at developing methods for increasing the productivity of sunflower hybrids cultivated according to the Clearfield system when using the microfertilizing mixture Agromineral in the forest-steppe zone of Middle Volga region. The results of the studies showed that the safety of plants at the time of harvesting is up to 91.8%; the maximum safety is achieved when processing crops by vegetation with Agromineral microfertilizing mixture at a dose of 3 l/ha. The leaf area increased until the budding phase, reaching a maximum of 99.2 thousand m2/ha, on a mid-season hybrid when processing crops with a dose of 3 l/ha, and then, due to drying of the lower leaves, it begins to decrease to the phase of the onset of flowering to 37.8 ... 57.9 thousand m2/ha. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential is formed by crops of the mid-season hybrid 8N477KLDM - 4.781 million m2/ha days. The use of fertilizers and micronutrient mixtures increases its value and, as a result, increases productivity by 9.09 ... 9.36 kg/ha with an absolute indicator of 27.2 ... 33.2 kg/ha.

Development and Harmfulness of the Pea Weevil, Bruchus pisorum (L.), in the Forest-Steppe of the Middle Volga Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-597
Author(s):  
V. G. Kaplin ◽  
A. I. Katyuk ◽  
V. G. Vasin ◽  
O. A. Belousova ◽  
A. V. Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Bruchus Pisorum

scholarly journals Main directions of development of agro-technologies for production of spring wheat species for sustainable agriculture in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00071
Author(s):  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Albina Serzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Middle Volga

The article presents the results of research conducted in different soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region on the influence of regulated factors, as well as environmental factors on the production process of plants of various types of spring wheat. The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is enough to obtain yields within 12–13 tons of dry biomass or 6–7 tons of grain. Natural precipitation is able to provide 3.82–4.36 t of spring wheat grain from 1 ha, and 4.5–6.3 t/ha by the total influence of solar energy, heat and moisture supply. Natural level of soil fertility without application of organic and mineral fertilizers allows to receive about 2 tons of spring wheat grain from 1 ha. Application of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac water (N-20.5 %) increased the yield in comparison with the use of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac saltpeter: the increase was 0.14 t per 1 ha. In the conditions of grey forest soil in the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan the optimal norm of sowing of spring wheat Triticum dicoccum Schuebl (spelt) depending on the feeding background was established. Growth of yield at sowing of 6 million seeds per hectare at all levels of nutrition in comparison with sowing rate of 4 million tons per hectare was 0.18 tons per hectare against the natural background, against the estimated background of NRC on 2.0 tons of grain – 0.19 tons and 2.5 tons of grain – 0.24 tons per hectare. The maximum yield increase was received at a combination of a mineral foodstuff with an optimum norm of sowing and has made on a settlement background 2 tons of grain from hectare – 0.20 tons, on 2.5 tons of grain – 0.34 tons from hectare. Thus, the aim of our research was to develop methods of growing high yielding quality grain of different types of wheat adapted to the conditions of forest-steppe in the Volga region.

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