scholarly journals Dynamics of the HIV Epidemics among Male Injecting Drug Users Using Agent-Based Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le TT ◽  
◽  
Lim HJ ◽  
Shojaati N ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Hiv Prevention Intervention ◽  
Disproportionate Burden

Background: Although Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) carry a disproportionate burden of HIV, little is known about the dynamics of the HIV epidemics among IDUs. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the dynamics of the HIV epidemic among IDUs and the effects of alternative HIV prevention intervention strategies using Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). Methods: ABM was constructed using key behavioral risks. The HIV/STI Surveillance study was utilized to create datasets for simulation. Different intervention scenarios were simulated and compared. Results: Lowering needle sharing level among IDUs resulted in the largest reductions in both HIV prevalence and the cumulative number of HIV infections over time in all simulated populations. The majority of the reductions occurred when needle sharing declined from the baseline level to 40% and 30%, respectively. Conclusion: ABM may well complement traditional epidemiological regression-based analysis in providing important insights into the complex dynamics of the HIV epidemics among IDUs.

scholarly journals Risk factors of HIV infection and needle sharing among injecting drug users in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen tran Hien ◽  
Le truong Giang ◽  
Phan nguyen Binh ◽  
Walter Devillé ◽  
Erik J.C. van Ameijden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Needle Sharing

Introduction to the Theme Issue on Dynamics of Health Behavior: Revisiting Systems Science for Population Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Jessica G. Burke ◽  
Jessica R. Thompson ◽  
Patricia L. Mabry ◽  
Christina F. Mair
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Systems science can help public health professionals to better understand the complex dynamics between factors affecting health behaviors and outcomes and to identify intervention opportunities. Despite their demonstrated utility in addressing health topics such influenza, tobacco control, and obesity, the associated methods continue to be underutilized by researchers and practitioners addressing health behaviors. This article discusses the growth of systems science methods (e.g., system dynamics, social network analysis, and agent-based modeling) in health research, provides a frame for the articles included in this themed issue, and closes with recommendations for enhancing the future of systems science and health behavior research. We argue that integrating systems sciences methods into health behavior research and practice is essential for improved population health and look forward to supporting the evolution of the field.

Reduction in Needle Sharing among Community Wide Samples of Injecting Drug Users

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Frischer ◽  
M Bloor ◽  
S Green ◽  
D Goldberg ◽  
R Covell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
The City

Evidence of reduced levels of needle sharing among injecting drug users (IDUs) has largely been confined to IDUs attending needle exchanges or receiving treatment. In this paper we present the results of a serial cross-sectional study of needle sharing conducted in Glasgow using a multisite sampling strategy. Of the estimated 9400 IDUs in the city, 503 were interviewed in 1990 and 535 in 1991. The proportion of IDUs reporting injecting with, or passing on used needles and syringes in the last 6 months fell significantly as did the number of individuals from whom equipment was received or passed on to. The impact of this level of sharing has been limited in terms of HIV transmission; the prevalence of HIV among the 1990 sample was 2.0% and 1.1% for the 1991 sample. However, the fact that a third of IDUs in Glasgow continue to inject, even occasionally, with used equipment gives cause for concern in view of the other pathologies known to be associated with poor injecting hygiene.

How Rational is Needle Sharing to Young Injecting Drug Users?

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Loxley ◽  
Ron Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Needle Sharing

scholarly journals IRREGULAR DYNAMICS IN THE AGENT-BASED MIGRATION MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Khavinson ◽  
A.N. Kolobov
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Environmental Level ◽  
Nonlinear Fluctuations

The article is devoted to modeling the dynamics of migration at the regional level. In the context of the transition to a post-industrial society, population migration becomes more dynamic, which requires improving approaches to its forecasting and makes significant the study of personal strategies for choosing the time of migration and the host region by agents. Different strategies of agents lead to the emergence of migrant strata with dynamically changing number, unevenly distributed among the receiving regions. As a result, it can observed nonlinear fluctuations in the number of migrants, for the study of which simulation modeling tools are relevant. This research is devoted to the study of the migration processes complex dynamics by the method of agent-based modeling. The simulation is based on the assumption that a migrant, when choosing a region, follows a strategy, characteristic of his age group, which in the long end directly affects the distribution of the number of migrants of various cohorts and the total number of migrants in the region. At this, the strategy choice is determined by socio-economic characteristics of the regions: different levels of economic, social and environmental attractiveness. The authors hypothesized that different strategies of migration behavior can lead to complex migration dynamics. To test the hypothesis, the authors built a basic agent-based model of migration for three regions, which takes into account various strategies of agents' migration behavior, including the choice of a region with the highest economic, social or environmental level of attractiveness. The result of numerical experiments shows that a combination of various strategies for choosing a region with a change in the age structure of migrants leads to periodic and complex regimes of migration dynamics. The authors have found the conditions under which complex dynamics in the model occurs in the short - and medium-term periods.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and injecting drug users and validation of audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) technique in Abuja, Lagos, and Ibadan, Nigeria: Report Fact Sheet

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Sex With Men

Most-at-risk populations (MARPS), including men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs), represent only 1 percent of Nigeria’s population yet account for 38 percent of new HIV infections. Despite their elevated risk, MSM and IDUs are less likely than the general population to access HIV prevention and sexual health services because of stigmatization. There is a dearth of data on prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM and IDUs because their behaviors make them difficult to be reached programmatically and engaged in research. While the need for HIV and STI prevalence data is clear, there is also a need to improve the quality and reliability of behavioral data collected for national surveillance, where these stigmatized subpopulations may underreport sensitive behaviors that put them most at risk. As noted in this fact sheet, computer-based interviewing systems are becoming an accepted alternative to face-to-face interviews, providing an efficient and replicable research tool for collecting sensitive behavioral data.

scholarly journals Status and Trend of HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Nepal

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Ballabh Joshi ◽  
MR Banjara ◽  
YB Karki ◽  
BK Subedi ◽  
M Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Double Numbers ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Hiv Aids

The main objective of this study is to review the HIV/AIDS status and trend in Nepal. The design of the study was retrospective in nature. Review was made of published and unpublished documents during the period 1988 to 2004. Year-wise data indicates that the cases of HIV/AIDS have been increased sharply since mid 1990s. In 1992, more than double numbers of new cases were reported than the formerly reported cumulative cases. The latest cumulative HIV/AIDS cases as of May 2004 were reported as 747 cases of AIDS and 3765 cases of HIV infections. Among total HIV/AIDS cases, clients of sex workers (57.8 percent) were predominant followed by sex workers (13.9 percent) and injecting drug users (15.6 percent). Similarly, others included housewives (10.6 percent), children (1.8 percent) from vertical transmission and blood or organ recipients (0.2 percent). Male cases (73.0 percent) were found predominant than female cases (27.0 percent). HIV prevalence among risk group population was found highest in injecting drug users (38.4 percent) followed by Female Sex Workers (4.1 percent) and migrants (3.0 percent). The risk population and HIV/AIDS prevalence has been found sharply increasing after mid 1990s. The increasing trend of the disease certainly has given pressure to focus on the use of comprehensive targeted intervention programs in risk  group  sub-populations.Key Words: HIV/AIDS, Trend, Risk populations, Prevalence.

scholarly journals Current trends in HIV/ AIDS epidemiology in Poland, 1999 – 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rosinska
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

The first HIV/ AIDS cases in Poland were diagnosed in the mid-1980, and the outbreak in injecting drug users was first observed in 1989. For many years the HIV epidemic in Poland was driven by injecting drug use. In this study we examine the trends in the HIV/ AIDS epidemic based on the surveillance data for 1999-2004. During this period, 3561 new HIV infections (annual rate of 15.4 per 1 000 000 inhabitants) were reported and 803 incident AIDS cases (incidence 3.5 per 1 000 000) were diagnosed. Both the annual number of newly detected HIV infections and the AIDS incidence showed a slight increasing trend. In particular, the vertically transmitted AIDS incidence increased from 0.46 in 1999 - 2000 to 0.91 per 1 000 000 children under 15 years in 2003 - 2004. Approximately 36% of AIDS patients aged 15 years or above had not been previously diagnosed with HIV. The annual number of the late presenters increased markedly between 1999 and 2004 and was higher amongst individuals infected through sexual transmission (51.0%) than those infected by injecting drug use (20.1%) . Injecting drug users made up 78.6% of new HIV infections with known transmission route, but for 47.9% of all cases the route of transmission was not reported. In order to generate more accurate data, HIV surveillance must be enhanced. Nevertheless, there is clear evidence for implementation of a comprehensive programme of prevention of vertical transmission and encouraging more extensive HIV testing especially in the groups at risk for sexual transmission. An effort is needed to enhance HIV surveillance and prevention in the framework of programmes for STI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document