Post-mortem characterization of Dorper x Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing alternative foods

The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-mortem characteristics of lambs fed diets containing alternative foods. Twenty lambs, castrated Dorper x Santa Inês males, aged approximately 90 days and with mean weight of 20 kg were used. Experimental diets were composed of ground corn, soybean meal, mineral supplement, urea and Tifton-85 hay (forage). In addition to these ingredients, cottonseed, sunflower meal and castor bean cake were used as alternative foods in the proportions of 10, 8 and 8% of %DM, respectively. The experiment lasted 106 days, with 14 days for adaptation and 92 days for evaluation and data collection. At the end of the confinement period, the lambs were slaughtered, and the carcasses kept under cooling for a period of 24 hours. The measurements of pH, carcass temperature (internal and external) were measured in the Longissimus lumborum muscle, as well as the temperature and relative humidity of the cold chamber were measured. Muscle pH was altered as a function of diet and reached a value of 5.78 (lower pH) when lambs received the diet with castor bean cake. The internal carcass temperature was higher in the lambs that received the diet containing cottonseed (19.98°C), sunflower meal (19.71°C) and castor bean cake (19.87°C). The alternative foods can be used as ingredients in the formulation of diets for Dorper x Santa Inês lamb, for promoting the proper development of the post-mortem process, characteristic of good quality sheep meat.

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Relationship of glycogen and lactate concentrations as a pork quality indicator

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 26-37

Author(s):

A Zybert ◽

K Tarczyński ◽

H Sieczkowska ◽

E Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk ◽

K Antosik

Keyword(s):

Lactate Concentration ◽

Muscle Metabolism ◽

Pork Quality ◽

Drip Loss ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Threshold Values ◽

B Values ◽

Muscle Ph ◽

Longissimus Lumborum ◽

Relationship Of

Muscle metabolites greatly determine pork quality. However, precise threshold values which indicate its deterioration or improvement are not fully known. This study aimed to determine the influences of pork Longissimus lumborum (LL) glycogen and lactate concentrations measured at 45 min post mortem on pH, colour (L*a*b*) and drip loss (DL) measured during 144 hours post mortem in order to prescribe appropriate threshold values. The investigation used 30 gilts and 30 barrows being fattened for slaughter. After slaughter, the carcasses were assigned to groups based on the observed levels of glycogen and lactate: low GlyL with glycogen ≤35 μmol/g, GlyM with glycogen between 35 and 55 μmol/g, GlyH with glycogen >55 μmol/g; LacL with lactate ≤40 μmol/g and LacH with lactate >40 μmol/g. Lower muscle pH was noted up to 24 h post mortem in the LacH group compared to LacL (P ≤0.01). 24 h post mortem higher pH was found in GlyL than in GlyM and GlyH (P ≤0.01), which were similar. Similarly no statistical differences were noted between The GlyM and GlyH groups were also similar in L*, DL96 and DL144, with lower values found for GlyL (P ≤0.01). Compared to LacH, LacL had lower L*, DL48, DL96 and DL144 (P ≤0.01) and higher a* and b* values. Muscle pH, drip loss, L* and a* values were more affected by lactate concentration if the glycogen concentration ≥35 μmol/g muscle tissue. Thus, metabolite concentration may be a useful and valuable indicator of pork quality. Keywords: drip loss, glycolytic resources, pork colour, post-mortem muscle metabolism

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SCALING ANALYSIS OF THE A-PHASE DYNAMICS DURING SLEEP

Fractals ◽

10.1142/s0218348x20500504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (02) ◽

pp. 2050050

Author(s):

V. E. ARCE-GUEVARA ◽

M. O. MENDEZ ◽

J. S. MURGUÍA ◽

A. ALBA ◽

H. GONZÁLEZ-AGUILAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binary Sequence ◽

Fluctuation Analysis ◽

Scaling Analysis ◽

Scaling Exponent ◽

Sleep State ◽

Phase Dynamics ◽

A Value ◽

Sleep Condition ◽

Detrended Fluctuation

In this work, the scaling behavior of the sleep process is evaluated by using detrended fluctuation analysis based on wavelets. The analysis is carried out from arrivals of short and recurrent cortical events called A-phases, which in turn build up the Cyclic Alternating Pattern phenomenon, and are classified in three types: A1, A2 and A3. In this study, 61 sleep recordings corresponding to healthy, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy patients and sleep-state misperception subjects, were analyzed. From the A-phase annotations, the onsets were extracted and a binary sequence with one second resolution was generated. An item in the sequence has a value of one if an A-phase onset occurs in the corresponding window, and a value of zero otherwise. In addition, we consider other different temporal resolutions from 2[Formula: see text]s to 256[Formula: see text]s. Furthermore, the same analysis was carried out for sequences obtained from the different types of A-phases and their combinations. The results of the numerical analysis showed a relationship between the time resolutions and the scaling exponents; specifically, for higher time resolutions a white noise behavior is observed, whereas for lower time resolutions a behavior towards to [Formula: see text]-noise is exhibited. Statistical differences among groups were observed by applying various wavelet functions from the Daubechies family and choosing the appropriate sequence of A-phase onsets. This scaling analysis allows the characterization of the free-scale dynamic of the sleep process that is specific for each sleep condition. The scaling exponent could be useful as a diagnosis parameter in clinics when sleep macrostructure does not offer enough information.

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Characterization of Chromium Compensated GaAs Sensors with the Charge-Integrating JUNGFRAU Readout Chip by Means of a Highly Collimated Pencil Beam

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1550

Author(s):

Dominic Greiffenberg ◽

Marie Andrä ◽

Rebecca Barten ◽

Anna Bergamaschi ◽

Martin Brückner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Noise ◽

State University ◽

Noise Performance ◽

X Ray ◽

A Value ◽

Resolution Capability ◽

Sensor Properties ◽

Pixel Pitch ◽

Lower Noise

Chromium compensated GaAs or GaAs:Cr sensors provided by the Tomsk State University (Russia) were characterized using the low noise, charge integrating readout chip JUNGFRAU with a pixel pitch of 75 × 75 µm2 regarding its application as an X-ray detector at synchrotrons sources or FELs. Sensor properties such as dark current, resistivity, noise performance, spectral resolution capability and charge transport properties were measured and compared with results from a previous batch of GaAs:Cr sensors which were produced from wafers obtained from a different supplier. The properties of the sample from the later batch of sensors from 2017 show a resistivity of 1.69 × 109 Ω/cm, which is 47% higher compared to the previous batch from 2016. Moreover, its noise performance is 14% lower with a value of (101.65 ± 0.04) e− ENC and the resolution of a monochromatic 60 keV photo peak is significantly improved by 38% to a FWHM of 4.3%. Likely, this is due to improvements in charge collection, lower noise, and more homogeneous effective pixel size. In a previous work, a hole lifetime of 1.4 ns for GaAs:Cr sensors was determined for the sensors of the 2016 sensor batch, explaining the so-called “crater effect” which describes the occurrence of negative signals in the pixels around a pixel with a photon hit due to the missing hole contribution to the overall signal causing an incomplete signal induction. In this publication, the “crater effect” is further elaborated by measuring GaAs:Cr sensors using the sensors from 2017. The hole lifetime of these sensors was 2.5 ns. A focused photon beam was used to illuminate well defined positions along the pixels in order to corroborate the findings from the previous work and to further characterize the consequences of the “crater effect” on the detector operation.

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Synthesis and characterization of novel functionalized perarylated polysiloxane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2019.419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (64) ◽

pp. 3579-3585

Author(s):

Guillermo M. González Guerra ◽

Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz ◽

Gerardo González Garcia ◽

Jesus S. Jaime-Ferrer

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Fuel Cells ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Chlorosulfonic Acid ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

A Value ◽

Exchange Membrane

ABSTRACTThis work presents the synthesis and characterization of a pearylated polysiloxane material (PAP) from a polycondensation reaction, followed by functionalization with HClSO3 by an electrophilic substitution reaction. According to the characterization techniques applied, a sulfonated pearylated polysiloxane was also obtained, (SPAP). The purpose of this sulfonated material is to obtain an ionomer able to be applied in hydrogen fuel cells of the proton exchange membrane kind (PEMFC). The reaction to produce the polysiloxane precursor was carried out with the commercial reagents: PhSiCl3, Ph2SiCl2 and Ph3SiCl in anhydrous THF at 75 °C and the SPAP material was obtained by sulfonation of the precursor with chlorosulfonic acid. PAP and SPAP were characterized by 1H, NMR for liquids, 29Si NMR for solids, IR-ATR, SEM, and cyclic voltammetry. The NMR 29Si spectra show that PAP and PAPS contain crosslinking regions due to PhSiCl3, growing chain zones due to Ph2SiCl2 and polymer termination zones due to Ph3SiCl, obtaining a mixture of siloxanes. The analysis by cyclic voltammetry indicates that by integrating the area under the curve of the adsorption peaks of H2, a value of 0.062 mC/cm2 is obtained, a value close to the commercial ionomer of Nafion®.

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Pork of low technological quality with a normal rate of muscle pH fall in the immediate post-mortem period: The case of the Hampshire breed

Meat Science ◽

10.1016/s0309-1740(85)80004-8 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 49-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 346

Author(s):

G. Monin ◽

P. Sellier

Keyword(s):

Normal Rate ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Muscle Ph ◽

Technological Quality

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Characterization of dopamine receptor of type 4 (D4) in human frontal cortex post-mortem

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(01)80364-3 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. S282-S283

Author(s):

D. Marazziti ◽

I. Masala ◽

G. Giannaccini ◽

E. Di Nasso ◽

L. Betti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frontal Cortex ◽

Dopamine Receptor ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Human Frontal Cortex

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Synthesis and Characterization of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with Medium Viscosity via Ring-Opening Polymerization

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1028 ◽

pp. 346-351

Author(s):

Soni Setiadji ◽

Zulfi Mofa Agasa ◽

Diba G Auliya ◽

Fitrilawati ◽

Norman Syakir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ring Opening ◽

Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Ring Opening Polymerization ◽

Vitreous Humour ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

A Value ◽

Medium Viscosity

Duration of use and injectability are external factors for Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that needs to be considered when PDMS utilized as a vitreous substituted liquid in vitreoretinal surgery. In general, PDMS which has been used as a substitute for vitreous humour is PDMS with a low viscosity in the value about 1000 cSt and a high viscosity at a value of about 5000 cSt. Various deficiencies have been encountered from low and high viscosity of PDMS, causing research to be continued to obtain PDMS which has suitable properties as a substitute for vitreous humour. One of them is research to obtain medium viscosity of PDMS with a viscosity value of about 2000 cSt. Here, we reported synthesis and characterization of PDMS with medium viscosity in ranges from 1800 to 2600 mPas. PDMS was synthesized through Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) pathway using the monomer of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and the chain terminator of Hexamethyldisiloxane (MM). Various concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) of 3, 4, 6 and 8 %(w/v) were applied as initiator to form gel of PDMS. All synthesized PDMS samples were identified to have viscosity values of 1800-2600 mPas, refractive index values of 1.4042-1.4044 and surface tension values of 22-23 mN/m. Meanwhile, the results of Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurement showed that the absorption peaks were similar to that of our previous report.

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A note on some factors influencing muscle pH values in commercial pig carcasses

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100039660 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 229-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. C. Smith ◽

A. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Post Mortem ◽

First Order ◽

Commercial Grade ◽

Ph Values ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Muscle Ph ◽

Pig Carcasses

ABSTRACTMeasurements of longissimus dorsi pH at 45 min post mortem (pH1) were taken in 27 727 pig carcasses at four bacon factories. The overall least squares mean pH1 was 6·26 and 15·5% of carcasses had pHi values of 5·9 or less. Sex and commercial grade of carcass had little influence on muscle pHi or the incidence of values below pH 6·0. Factory differences were recorded in the distribution of muscle and within each there were marked producer effects in mean and the incidence of values below pH 6·0. Carcasses of Large Whites had fewer muscle pH1 values below 6·0 (12·4%) than those of British Landrace (18·7%), this being mainly due to a large breed effect at one factory. Although breed and testing background of sires of the carcasses examined and the first order interactions with factory had significant effects on muscle pHi and the incidence of values below pH 6·0, they were of little practical significance.

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