THE ROLE OF G.I. OKULOVA, A PARTICIPANT IN THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR, IN THE CREATION OF THE SCHOOL OF AGITATORS AND INSTRUCTORS OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Veronika N. Romanishina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
The Creation

scholarly journals Ethnopolitical views of Grigory Ivanovich Borisov (Stary)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Galusenco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Committee ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Secret Police ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Indigenous Policy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Grigory Ivanovich Borisov, party alias Stary (Old) was born in the Bendery district of Bessarabia on December 9, 1880. He was forced to work from the age of seven. Since 1900, G. I. Stary took part in the revolutionary movement. For active participation in clandestine activities, he was repeatedly arrested by the police and served sentences in various prisons of tsarist Russia. G. I. Stary made a great contribution to the creation and development of the Moldovan ASSR. In 1924, he was appointed chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of the Autonomous Republic. Then G. I. Stary was elected chairman of the Central Executive Committee. In 1926–1928 and 1932–1937, he worked as chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the MASSR. Contemporaries assessed his position on the issue of “Moldovans or Romanians” as ambivalent. G. I. Stary denied accusations of opposing the indigenous policy: “It is wrong that I am against Moldovanization. I only take into account the difficulties, and this is taken as resistance”. He was repressed in 1937 and rehabilitated in 1955. The article was written on the basis of materials from the Soviet secret police (NKVD) archive.

scholarly journals HEROISM AS AN IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF STALIN’S ERA

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Андрей Иванович Савин
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Masses

Автор показывает, как большевики трансформировали в 1910-е - 1930-е гг. положение марксизма, согласно которому единственно важными акторами и героями истории являются народные массы. В период Гражданской войны большевики частично пересмотрели марксистские взгляды на роль героической личности в истории и начали процесс постепенной индивидуализация героев, первой формой которой стало формирование культа павших героев. Курс на индивидуализацию советских героев в годы Гражданской войны нашёл своё развитие в создании первых институциональных героев - кавалеров ордена Красного Знамени. Период нэпа знаменовался релятивацией концепта индивидуального героизма, и на роль героев в полном соответствии с марксистской догмой предлагались целые рабочие коллективы. В середине 1930-х гг. произошёл окончательный переход от догматической марксистской трактовки героизма к новаторскому для большевиков пониманию ключевой роли отдельных героев. По мнению автора, это было обусловлено необходимостью появления героев, персонально олицетворяющих социалистическое строительство и являющихися необходимыми примерами для выработки советской идентичности. The article focuses on the origins of ideological concept of soviet heroism during 1910-1930s. Basing on the variety of literature data and archival sources, the article demonstrates how Bolsheviks have transformed one of the key statements of Marxism - that the only truly important actors and heroes of history are the masses. Pragmatic consequences of Civil War victory forced Bolsheviks to partially reconsider Marxist views on the role of heroic personality in history, and they started to gradually individualize the heroes. The first step was forming the cult, dedicated to Fallen Heroes. Individualization of soviet heroes during the Civil War logically resulted in the creation of first institutionalized heroes: recipients of the Order of the Red Banner. During NEP the concept of individual heroes began to change. During 1920s, egalitarian ideas once again began to triumph heroization of individual people. In full accordance with Marxist dogma, whole labor collectives were nominated as heroes. Transition from dogmatic Marxist understanding of heroism to innovative, for Bolsheviks, understanding of key role of distinct heroes finalized during 1930s, because of the necessity in heroes, who would personally embody social construction, while being absolutely necessary for emulation and the emergence of soviet identity.

Latviešu strēlnieku vēsturiskās nozīmes jautājums starpkaru publicistikā

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Vitālijs Šalda
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Army Soldiers ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the analysis of the work of Latvian publicists of the interwar period of the Republic of Latvia, who wrote about the role of Latvian riflemen in the history. There were several pronounced tendencies in Latvian publicistics: highlighting of the performance of the „old” Latvian riflemen, attributing the merits of Latvian National Army soldiers to the soldiers of established Republic of Latvia; concealing of the participation of „red” Latvian riflemen in the Russian Civil War; explaining the participation of the „red” Latvian riflemen in the Russian Civil War as a struggle for the destruction of the Russian Empire and the establishment of the Republic of Latvia and other national states on the ruins of this empire, combining and evaluating the achievements of „old” and „red” riflemen. The author also gives his own vision on the historical significance of Latvian riflemen.

ESTABLISHMENT OF CENTRAL EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES IN THE FIELD OF E-GOVERNMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Dorofyeyev ◽  
◽  
Tatyana Shchetinina ◽  
Oleksii Yakubenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

The article covers the creation of central executive bodies, whose activities are aimed at the implementation of e-government and the development of digitalization. The process of creation of relevant agencies from the beginning of the introduction of information technologies into public administration to the present time, which actually covers the entire thirty-year period of development of Ukrainian statehood, is analyzed. It is noted that the creation of agencies took place within the stages of introducing information technologies into the life of society, which can be divided into informatization, e- government and digitalization. It is noted that for a long time the departments were constantly reorganized and transformed, which indicates the lack of a clear approach to determining the role of e-government in systemic public administration. It is noteable that the powers of the central executive bodies created reflected the growing importance of e-government in public administration. It is emphasized that with the transition to the policy of digitalization, it is quite logical to create a separate specialized ministry – the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine. The structure of the ministry is briefly considered. The article also covers the legal framework and the process of establishing a coordinating and advisory body under the government – the inter- industry council. The comparison of the composition of the intersectoral council, which was declared in the normative documents of 2009 and 2020, was analyzed and compared. It is noted that the coordinating role of the intersectoral council as an institutional mechanism has been repeatedly criticized in government documents and in the analytical materials of experts. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of establishing the work of the intersectoral council to implement the tasks set before it. It is pointed out that the absence of its meetings in 2020-2021 can not but affect the work of the Ministry and the development of digitalization policy in general.

scholarly journals AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL WRITING OF L. D. TROTSKY DURING THE CIVIL WAR: POLITICS AND STYLISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Reznik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Leon Trotsky ◽  
The Military

Leon Trotsky was not only an outstanding writer and speaker amongst Marxist politicians of his time, but he also could be named as one of the most well-known (auto)biographer. It was not only politics, that differed him from other high-ranking Bolsheviks, but it was a culture as well. Many of Trotsky’s rivals accused Trotsky of being extreme individualistic, alien to collectivist ideology. However, if to consider Trotsky’s biographical narratives in complex, the individualism was somewhat correct characteristic, as Trotsky indeed pointed the role of real persons, including of his own, in the history. Until recently, scholarly treatments of this issue have largely taken on Trotsky’s autobiography titled “My life: An Attempt at an Autobiography” (1929), yet this celebrated book had a certain background. The aim of article is to re-examine Trotsky’s literary and political activity in the context of his (auto)biographical texts, taking the period of the Russian Civil War as a case-study. The balance of pragmatics and poetics in his texts was reflected by Trotsky himself during the early period of the Civil War, when he publicly emphasized that he did not like the “military style”, but “got used to using the style of a publicist in life and literature”. Trotsky’s subsequent activities demonstrated that the balance between the dynamics of these two styles was determined not only by politics, but also by the author’s deeply rooted ideas about the place of his own “self” in writing.

scholarly journals The Lives and Deaths of an Ethnographic Museum: History, Violence and Curatorial Collaborations in Guinea-Bissau

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-381
Author(s):  
Ramon Sarró ◽  
Ana Temudo
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Ethnographic Museums ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Museum History

This article discusses the history of the National Ethnographic Museum of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) and an exhibition we curated about it in Bissau in 2017, which serendipitously led to its reopening. The Museum, which was created in 1988, had ceased to exist because of a civil war in 1998-99. Thanks to a reconstruction of contact prints in the archives of Bissau, we were able to organize an exhibition and to conduct research on the history of the museum. Methodologically, the article illustrates the potential of photography in museum historiography and revitalization. Thematically, it exemplifies the history of museography in West Africa from the mid-1980s through the 1990s, the role of museums in the creation of national heritage, and, by looking at the present situation of the Museum at stake, the fragile place that ethnographic museums have in the politics of culture in today’s Africa.

scholarly journals The first women-deputies in the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR of the first convocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-424
Author(s):  
N. V. Barabash
Keyword(s):  
Executive Committee ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Legislative Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic

The article, based on the introduction into scientific field a wide range of unknown sources, first shows the holding of elections and the election of deputies to the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR of the first convocation of 1938. The author considers the legal basis for theof the Central Executive Committee of the BSSR and the creation in accordance with the Constitution of the BSSR 1937 the highest legislative body of the republic – the Supreme Soviet. The author examines the policy of the Soviet government to include women to government and government bodies. A quantitative, social, educational analysis of women-deputies in the highest legislative body of the BSSR of the first convocation was carried out

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