scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF TEAK MISTLETOE SPECIES AND BASIC INFORMATION OF UTILIZATION AS MEDICINAL PLANT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. S61-S63
Author(s):  
Zainal Muttaqin ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R ◽  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Iskandar Z Siregar ◽  
Corryanti .
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Hemiparasitic Plants ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
High Control ◽  
Attack Intensity

Mistletoe is hemiparasitic plants (macroparasite) on seasonal and annual plants include trees, however, mistletoes are also beneficial as key species that fill in the ecological niche, and a potential to non-wood forest product such as medicinal plants as one of them. The objectives of this research are to identify species of teak mistletoes at Padangan Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) in Perum Perhutani and to aim its posibilities as medicinal plant. The inventory methods on species of teak mistletoes was carried out in compartements/blocks of teak clones that are designated as Observation Sample Plots (OSPs/PCP) of the attack intensity from low, medium, high, control; and four units Observation Measurement Plots (OMPs/PUP) on each OSPs/PCP. Continously, it was analized by comparing the same species of mistletoes on other host trees as reference which was efficacious to be used as medicinal plant. Three species of mistletoes parasitizing teak clone stands were identified as Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. of family of Loranthaceae which is also attacking other host trees, Macrosolen tetragonus (Blume) Miq. of family of Loranthaceae too, Viscum articulatum Burm. F. of family of Santalacea/Viscaceae that is hyperparasite on two other mistletoes. The comparison with the same teak mistletoe but on different host trees shows that including D. pentandra and V. articulatum have the potential for hypertension treatment. D. pentandra is used too for medicine to cure ilness, wounds, fester and recovery from parturition. Known that chemical content this mistletoe comprise of flavonoid ingrident, fenolat acid (terulat acid, para hidroksi benzoate acid, kumarat acid, protokatekuat acid and vanilat acid. As for the utilization of M. tetragonus hasn’t been discovered up to this moment.Key words: mistletoe, identification, teak clone, non-wood forest product, medicinal plant

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Growth Traits in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus kesiya in Malawi

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Gift Kamanga-Thole ◽  
Vidah Manda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Individual Tree Model ◽  
The Individual

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and volume were estimated for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon clonal seed orchard in Malawi using an ASReml program, fitting an individual tree model. The data were from 88 clones assessed at 18, 23, 30, 35, and 40 years of age. Heritability estimates for height, dbh, and volume were moderate to high ranging from 0.19 to 0.54, from 0.14 to 0.53, and from 0.20 to 0.59, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic control of the traits at the individual level, among families, and within families. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the growth traits were significantly high and ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 and from 0.60 to 0.95, respectively. This suggests the possibility of indirect selection in trait with direct selection in another trait. The predicted genetic gains showed that the optimal rotational age of the Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard is 30 years; therefore, it is recommended to establish a new Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard. However, selective harvest of clones with high breeding values in the old seed orchard should be considered so that the best parents in the old orchard can continue to contribute until the new orchard is well established.

Paternity analysis with microsatellites in a Danish Abies nordmanniana clonal seed orchard reveals dysfunctions

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
O K Hansen ◽  
E D Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Variance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
The Status

A paternity analysis using five microsatellite markers was conducted in a Danish clonal seed orchard with 13 Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach clones. The purpose was to investigate potential seed-orchard dysfunctions, with special emphasis on nonequal pollen contributions and selfing. Male paternity was found for 232 seedlings germinated from seeds collected on three ramets, each of eight clones, and the relative contribution of each clone to the gene pool of male gametes was calculated. Furthermore, 49 ramets were genotyped to check for erroneous grafting. The effect of an unbalanced male contribution was quantified by means of two measures: (1) the status number (NS), which reflects buildup of coancestry in the seed-orchard crop as a result of a low number of clones and an unequal male contribution, and (2) the asymptotic variance effective population number (Ne(v)). The contributions by pollen donors from the 13 clones were highly skewed. Three clones were fathers to more than 75% of the progenies, while making up only 24% of the ramets in the seed orchard. Four clones sired no progenies at all. The unequal contribution on the male side corresponded to NS = 4.2 and Ne(v) = 5.8. Some selfing was observed, which may give rise to concern if clonal seed orchards with few clones are established. The estimated maximum pollen contamination from outside the seed orchard was 4.3%. No grafting–labelling errors were identified.

scholarly journals Seed Germination Variation among Crop Years from a Pinus sylvestris Clonal Seed Orchard

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Melusi Rampart
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
The Mean

Maternal effects were assessed by germinating seeds sourced over multiple years from the same cloned mother trees, comparing germination capacity and rate between crop years. The relationships between climatic variables, seed characteristics and germination capacity were determined, and thermal time parameters were used to predict seed dormancy release and germination under the climatic conditions in the year after seed collection. There were significant differences in seed weight (P < 0.05), seed length and embryo occupancy (both P < 0.001) among crop years. Temperature during the seed development period explained 70% of the variation in seed weight and 63% of the variation in embryo occupancy. Germination capacity was significantly (P <0.001) different among crop years, among temperatures and among chilling durations, and thermal time requirements for germination increased from older (2007) to younger (2012) seeds. The mean base temperature without chilling was 7.1°C, while after chilling it was 4.6°C and 3.6°C for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. The mean thermal time to 50% germination without chilling was 135.1°Cd, while after chilling it was 118.3°Cd and 154.0°Cd for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. This experiment demonstrates that year-to-year differences in the environment experienced by mother trees during seed maturation can affect seed germination characteristics.

scholarly journals Genetic variation, mating patterns and gene flow in a Pinus pinaster Aiton clonal seed orchard

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Fernandes ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Jorge Cordeiro ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Sophie Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard

scholarly journals Loranthus micranthusLinn.: Biological Activities and Phytochemistry

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi ◽  
Maryam Hajrezaei ◽  
Habsah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Keivan Zandi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Respective Host

Loranthus micranthusLinn. is a medicinal plant from the Loranthaceae family commonly known as an eastern Nigeria species of the African mistletoe and is widely used in folkloric medicine to cure various ailments and diseases. It is semiparasitic plant because of growing on various host trees and shrubs and absorbing mineral nutrition and water from respective host. Hence, the phytochemicals and biological activities ofL. micranthusdemonstrated strong host and harvesting period dependency. The leaves have been proved to possess immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, and hypolipidemic activities. This review summarizes the information and findings concerning the current knowledge on the biological activities, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and chemical constituents ofLoranthus micranthus.

scholarly journals Fertility Variation and Genetic Diversity in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Cryptomeria japonica

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kang ◽  
Y. A. El-Kassaby ◽  
M. S. Chung ◽  
C. S. Kim ◽  
Y. J. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Male Strobilus ◽  
Male Strobili

Abstract Clonal differences in fertility (expressed as the number of female and male strobili) were determined for three consecutive years (2002-2004) in a clonal seed orchard of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) in Korea. Fertility varied among clones and among years producing three-year averages of 196 and 652 for female and male strobili per ramet, respectively. Correlation between female and male strobilus production was positive over the three years and statistically significant in 2003, a good flowering year. Based on the observed fertility variation, the status numbers (Ns, measure of genetic diversity) were calculated and varied from 25.6 to 31.7 among the three studied years. On average (pooled), relative status number was 86% of the census number (N). Variation in female fertility was higher than that in male fertility, and this variation was reflected on female and male parents’ status numbers. Pooled Ns estimated from the three years was higher than that for any single year, implying that genetic diversity would increase when seeds collected from different years are pooled.

scholarly journals Phenology, dichogamy, and floral synchronization in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra) seed orchard

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa W. Alexander ◽  
Keith E. Woeste
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

We developed a novel scoring system to assess spring phenology in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) clonal seed orchard. The system was used to score from 304 to 364 ramets for three reproductive seasons and to place clones into early, intermediate, and late phenology classes. Although the absolute number of clones in each phenological class changed from year to year, the overall order of clonal flowering was highly stable (rs = 0.67, p < 0.001). Early-flowering clones flowered significantly longer than later flowering clones in all 3 years. Dichogamy was present in the orchard, with male flowers of a clone emerging from 1.4 to 3.0 d sooner than its female flowers. Mean dichogamy values for individual clones ranged from 0.0 to 4.9 (± 1.3) d. Year strongly influenced a clone’s dichogamy value (F = 6.0, p = 0.004), whereas genotype had no influence. The mean overall phenological synchronicity for the 3 years of observations was 0.30 ± 0.01 or about 30% overlap between the time when females were receptive and males were shedding pollen. This study represents the first effort to quantify phenology in an artificial population of northern red oak, and it provides a snapshot of the current relationship between temperature, phenology, and floral synchronization.

Genetic improvement of sugar maple for high sap sugar content. II. Relative effectiveness of maternal and biparental selection

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard B. Kriebel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Nonrandom Mating ◽  
Maple Syrup ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard

Sap sugar data taken in four progeny plantations of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) were analyzed to evaluate breeding methods for high sap sugar concentration. Two of the plantations included progeny from open pollination of mass-selected trees, one included progeny from a clonal seed orchard, and one included progeny from a breeding experiment. The plantations differed in proportions of maternal selection and biparental selection employed. Maternal selection was ineffective as a means of achieving gain for high sugar bush productivity, whereas biparental selection was clearly effective. Gain in rogued progeny plantations from maternal selection was no greater than would be expected from roguing progenies of unselected parents. Low female parent – offspring correlations were attributed to nonrandom mating resulting from insect pollination, rather than low heritability. The use of lower testing "standard" trees in mass selection favors low or mediocre performance of progenies, because of the probability that standards will contribute to the progeny gene pool. Biparental selection was effective through (i) open intercrossing of high-performing seed orchard clones and (ii) controlled pollination of selected superior trees. Seed orchard progeny could be selected by age 13 years and subsequently rogued to final sugar bush spacing. Long-term data support a prediction that the mature sugar bush will average about 4.5% sap sugar concentration. One gallon (1 gal = 3.79 L) of maple syrup of that concentration requires 18.4 gal of sap, compared with an average of 43 gal required from Ohio sugar bushes. The gain from biparental selection and intensive roguing of progeny is estimated to be about 40% greater than similar roguing of plantations from unselected or maternally selected parents.

scholarly journals Integrating fecundity variation and genetic relatedness in estimating the gene diversity of seed crops: Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as an example

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Soon-Ho Kwon ◽  
He-Jin Lee ◽  
Sung-Joon Na ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Seed Crops

The genetic gain and gene diversity of seed crops from a 1.5-generation clonal seed orchard of Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. were estimated under consideration of parental genetic values and fecundity variation. Fecundity variation among clones was estimated for 5 consecutive years (2010–2014) as the sibling coefficient, which was drawn from clonal contribution to the total production of seed conelet. To monitor gene diversity, status number was estimated by the integration of fecundity variation and group coancestry. Group coancestry was calculated as the average of genetic relatedness (coancestry) among orchard clones. The averages of conelet production were high in 2010 and 2011, moderate in 2013 and 2014, and poor in 2012 with a grand mean of 13.7. Correlation analysis showed that good conelet producers consistently gave good production. Cumulative distribution of clonal conelet production was presented as a function of the total conelet yield, and this distribution indicated deviation from the expected clonal equal production. Group coancesrtry was 0.0096, indicating minimal loss of gene diversity. Status number and genetic gain were higher in good than in poor conelet production years, highlighting the importance of fecundity variation in determining the genetic gain and gene diversity of seed orchard crops.

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