scholarly journals The Jewish Proletariat of the USSR in the Late 1920s — Early 1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
Tetiana Perha
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
National Minorities

The article explores general tendencies of the Jewish proletariat formation in Ukraine in the late 1920s and early 1930s, analyzes the dynamic of this phenomenon in the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR, and concludes that their growth rates coincided. It shows main tendencies of the increasing number of Jewish workers at industrial enterprises of Odesa and Kyiv, and also the main spheres of employment of the Jewish population according to the population censuses of 1926 and 1939. Also, it identifies reasons for the entry of the Jewish population into the working class of the USSR, which include economic (unemployment, hunger) and political one (the need to demonstrate loyalty to the new Soviet power). It shows that the policy of industrialization served as the impetus for the encouragement of broad circles of the population, including national minorities and the Jewish population in particular, to work at factories and plants. The article considers the sources of the proletariat formation in the USSR and suggests that among the Jews there was a high proportion of artisans, employees, and traders who were converted to workers, while the share of peasants was insignificant given the policy of agrarian settlement of the Jewish population pursued by the Soviet authorities. The mechanism of recruiting potential workers in the USSR is revealed. The author elucidates the description of life of Jewish workers in the Soviet press. Using the example of Jewish workers of the Shcherbynskyi mine, author shows the path of vast majority of unskilled Jews to factories and plants, and their transformation into workers. The research concludes that despite numerous difficulties of various kinds, the number of Jewish workers in the Ukrainian SSR was constantly increasing, which can be interpreted as a logical consequence of the need to adjust to new living conditions under the Soviet rule.

An Average Azeri Village (1930): Remembering Rebellion in the Caucasus Mountains

Slavic Review ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Grant
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Caucasus Mountains

In this article, Bruce Grant advocates an anthropological perspective for understanding resistance to early Soviet rule, given that not all anti-Soviet rebellions operated by the same cultural logic. Combining oral histories and archival evidence to reconstruct highly charged events in rural northwest Azerbaijan, where as many as 10,000 men and women joined to overthrow Soviet power in favor of an Islamic republic in 1930, Grant examines moral archetypes of banditry, religious frames of Caucasus life, magical mobility, and images of early nationalist struggle against communism. Exploring what it means to have been “average” in the Soviet Union of the 1930s, Grant invites readers to consider classic narrative framings of periods of great tumult.

1917-1922

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-83
Author(s):  
Н. Т. Ерегина
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Natalia T. Eregina The Professors of the Russian Medical Higher School under Soviet Rule (1917–1922) This article, based on archival documents, considers the difficulties of the training of medical personnel in the universities of Russia during the Civil War. Special attention is paid to an analysis of the relationship between medical professorship and Soviet power as well as to the dynamics of the qualitative changes of the teaching body and the changing conditions of teaching activities during this period.

scholarly journals Of “Old” and “New” Housewives: Everyday Housework and the Limits of Household Rationalization in the Urban Working-Class Milieu of the Weimar Republic

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
Household Appliances ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Working

SummaryThe paper centers on the question of how widespread was the impact of the lively discussion of housing and household reform during the Weimar Republic. Therefore the focus is on the experiences of working-class women. Against the background of material conditions in proletarian households, it analyzes which norms and standards concretely shaped working women's everyday housework in the urban working-class milieu in the 1920s, and how these norms and standards arose. The paper demonstrates the substantial reservations and resistance with which even better-off working women approached all efforts at rationalizing their housework in the 1920s. They wanted better living conditions and new household appliances, but the vast majority could not afford both. The specific norms and standards against which a “good” housewife was measured, norms and standards which corresponded more to the “old” model of the “economical, clean and tidy” housewife, also blocked acceptance, however.

scholarly journals Some Views On The History Of Daily Life Of Women In The Villages Of The Ferghana Valley (1946-1991)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Nargizakhon Odilovna Alimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Labor

In this article has been analyzed of some views on the history of daily life of women in the villages of the Ferghana valley in 1946-1991 by the helping historical sources, archive materials and literatures as well. It shown that over the years of Soviet rule, the living conditions of women in Uzbekistan, especially in the villages of the Ferghana Valley, depended on family income (monthly wages). Involvement of women in social labor was considered an important issue not only in terms of production but also in terms of politics.

The Jewish Community of the Second Republic in Polish Historiography of the 1980s

2004 ◽  
pp. 288-299
Author(s):  
Andrzej Chojnowski
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Political History ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
The Political ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Zionist Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

This chapter addresses the Jewish community of the Second Republic in Polish historiography of the 1980s. The problem of the ethnic minorities in the Second Republic – their socio-economic situation, their role in the political and cultural life of the country, their relations with the state – is one of the most neglected fields of post-war Polish historiography. The situation improved only slightly in the 1970s, minimally as regards the Jewish question; in Poland, this still remains the domain of highly specialized publications which do not reach the general reader. To be sure, the authors of synthetic or monographic studies concerning the history of the Second Republic have been unable totally to ignore the problem of the nationalities, although their approaches often give rise to reservations. For instance, when Andrzej Ajnenkiel published in 1980 the second volume of his political history of Poland, national minorities were treated sparingly. In describing the results of the 1931 census, the author briefly discusses the size and socio-professional structure of the Jewish population and the rising influence of the Zionist movement in the second half of the 1930s. Elsewhere, the Jewish population appears almost exclusively as the object of anti-semitic propaganda and pogroms organized by nationalists of both Polish and, more rarely, Ukrainian camps.

Prologue

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Joe William Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Urban League ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Poor ◽  
The City

This history of the Urban League of Pittsburgh (ULP) examines the organization’s century of social service and activism in the Greater Pittsburgh metropolitan area. It complements existing studies of the Urban League movement and deepens our understanding of the Urban League as a national phenomenon. Most important, this book addresses the debate over the Urban League movement’s impact on the lives of poor and working-class blacks as they made the transition from farm to city. Some scholars and popular writers argue that the Urban League movement was largely a conservative force that rarely improved the lives of the black poor. Others defend the Urban League as a progressive interracial social movement that eased the painful impact of migration, labor exploitation, and poor living conditions on thousands of southern black newcomers to the city....

Życie i Zagłada w Hrubieszowie w oczach młodej warszawianki

2007 ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Dariusz Libionka ◽  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
The Town

This text deals with the situation of the Jewish population of Hrubieszów between autumn 1941 and the first deportation action in June 1942. The author of the testimony is a woman by the name Dychterman, who came to Hrubieszów from the Warsaw ghetto. During the “action” she managed to leave for Warsaw. This testimony was written two weeks later, i.e. in late June 1942 by staff members of Ringelblum’s Archive. It stands out among other testimonies from Hrubieszów in the Warsaw Ghetto Archives, as it is full of details and complex description.  It also contains an interesting description of the Jewish community in the town, the living conditions and its everyday life. It also contains data of the Judenrat members as well as observations on the Christian-Jewish relations (i.e. between Jews and Poles or Ukrainians). The second part of the testimony describes the first liquidation action in Hrubieszów, the extermination action and the reactions of the Judenrat and that of the population towards the resettlement. The fate of the author remains unknown. Most likely she died during the “Great Action” in the Warsaw ghetto. This account has been used by historians, but never previously published.

Stereotypes in Attributions About Women’s Gender-Based Mistreatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110121
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Kiebler ◽  
Abigail J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Class Versus ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Class Woman ◽  
Gender Based

Using an intersectional framework, we assessed how gender stereotypes applied to women with different race and class identities who experienced gender-based mistreatment. Thematic content analysis of 238 responses to a woman in a vignette, who varied in terms of race and class, revealed three themes: action or inaction, living conditions, and education. Sexual assault drew significantly more comments about the woman’s actions and inaction than sexual harassment, as did a middle-class versus a working-class woman. Conversely, living conditions surfaced more for the working-class woman. Finally, education came up most in sexual harassment accounts. Qualitative features of the responses are also discussed.

No Whites, No Asians: Race, Marxism, and Hawai‘i’s Preemergent Working Class

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon-Kie Jung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Big Five ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
Low Wages

By the close of the nineteenth century, Hawai‘i had become a newly annexed territory of the United States and was tightly controlled by a cohesive oligarchy ofhaolesugar capitalists. The “enormous concentration of wealth and power” held by the Big Five sugar factors of Honolulu up until statehood was unparalleled elsewhere in the United States (Cooper and Daws 1985: 3–4). In contrast, native Hawai‘ians and immigrants recruited from China, Portugal, Japan, and the Philippines—in successive and overlapping waves—endured the low wages and poor working and living conditions characteristic of other agricultural export regions.

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