ПРИВАТНО-ДЕРЖАВНІ ПАРТНЕРСТВА У СФЕРІ ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ: ПЕРЕДУМОВИ, ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ПРОТИРІЧЧЯ

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Алла О. Касич ◽  
Даніель Лур’є
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
International Good

The article provides insights into the process of developing and implementing public-private partnerships (PPP) as a key pattern of interaction between government and business which is characterized by a range of advantages, in particular investment attraction, risk sharing, handling socioeconomic and infrastructural issues, creating new jobs, etc. It is argued that building PPPs in the area of nature management embeds features associated with the existence of certain contradictions, in particular, the issue of reducing the environmental burden is the government’s responsibility whereas nature management is held at the enterprise level where environmental costs are financed by a leftover principle. This article seeks to explore the critical importance of building public-private partnerships in nature management. To attain the above goal, it is recommended to pursue the following basic objectives: to explore global trends in the process of PPP creation including those in the field of nature management; to provide argument for the critical role of PPPs for nature management in Ukraine; to identify the key issues in the implementation of the principles of environmental responsibility at the corporate level. To meet the research objectives, general scientific research methods have been employed, in particular, logical generalization, graphic analysis of the dynamics of the key indicators of nature management and in PPP functioning. A study of international good practices in the implementation of PPPs in other countries has identified the main trends which translates in transaction and investment drop and active participation of international investors from the United States, China, and France. The article exposes the reasons for the excessive human-caused environmental load in Ukraine against the corresponding indicators in developed economies. Thus, implementation of PPPs should become an important tool to tackle environmental challenges. According to the research findings, the key barriers to successful PPP performance in Ukraine are the following: their low attractiveness due to lack of awareness, fragmentary character of the registration system, low level of project implementation and completeness. Based on the study results, a conclusion could be drawn that industries alone are not capable to reduce environmental risks and harmful effects. The amount of wastes and pollutant emissions does not demonstrate a positive trend towards reduction in recent years. The article substantiates the need to implement PPPs in nature management. However, it is argued that the search for such projects is a complicated process that requires a well-balanced approach.

Bilingual and Monolingual Students' Perceptions of the CSD Major: A Qualitative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Keshishian ◽  
Rebecca Wiseheart
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
School Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Areas Of Interest

There is a growing demand for bilingual services in speech-language pathology and audiology. To meet this growing demand, and given their critical role in the recruitment of more bilingual professionals, higher education institutions need to know more about bilingual students' impression of Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) as a major. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate bilingual and monolingual undergraduate students' perceptions of the CSD major. One hundred and twenty-two students from a large university located in a highly multicultural metropolitan area responded to four open-ended questions aimed at discovering students' major areas of interest (and disinterest) as well as their motivations for pursuing a degree in CSD. Consistent with similar reports conducted outside the United States, students from this culturally diverse environment indicated choosing the major for altruistic reasons. A large percentage of participants were motivated by a desire to work with children, but not in a school setting. Although 42% of the participants were bilingual, few indicated an interest in taking an additional course in bilingual studies. Implications of these findings as well as practical suggestions for the recruitment of bilingual students are discussed.

Lending to the Borrower from Hell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intelligent Model ◽  
New Evidence

Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, the book analyzes the lessons from this historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, the book examines the incentives and returns of lenders. It provides powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. It also demonstrates that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The book unearths unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, this book offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.

Building America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early American ◽  
Transatlantic Exchange ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private Homes

Building America: The Life of Benjamin Henry Latrobe is a biography of America’s first professionally trained architect and engineer. Born in 1764, Latrobe was raised in Moravian communities in England and Germany. His parents expected him to follow his father and brother into the ministry, but he rebelled against the church. Moved to London, he studied architecture and engineering. In 1795 he emigrated to the United States and became part of the period’s Transatlantic Exchange. Latrobe soon was famous for his neoclassical architecture, designing important buildings, including the US Capitol and Baltimore Basilica as well as private homes. Carpenters and millwrights who built structures more cheaply and less permanently than Latrobe challenged his efforts to establish architecture as a profession. Rarely during his twenty-five years in the United States was he financially secure, and when he was, he speculated on risky ventures that lost money. He declared bankruptcy in 1817 and moved to New Orleans, the sixth American city that he lived in, hoping to recoup his finances by installing a municipal water system. He died there of yellow fever in 1820. The themes that emerge in this biography are the critical role Latrobe played in the culture of the early republic through his buildings and his genius in neoclassical design. Like the nation’s political founders, Latrobe was committed to creating an exceptional nation, expressed in his case by buildings and internal improvements. Additionally, given the extensive primary sources available for this biography, an examination of his life reveals early American attitudes toward class, family, and religion.

Role Stress and Sense of Control Predict Using Food to Cope With Stress in Midlife Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110110
Author(s):  
Dana R. Riedy ◽  
Ashley MacPherson ◽  
Natalie D. Dautovich
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Role Stress ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Significant Mediator

Objective: The current study examined the association between role stress and using food to cope with stress in midlife women and examined sense of control as a potential underlying mechanism. Methods: An archival analysis was performed using data from 638 midlife women from the Midlife in the United States II study. Results: Hierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrated that work stress (β = .180, p < .001) and family stress (β = .138, p < .05) significantly predicted using food to cope with stress. Sense of control was a significant mediator between work stress and using food to cope with stress ( b = 0.02, 95% CI [.0014, .0314]). Discussion: Midlife women with higher role stress related to work and family are more likely to use food to cope with stress, and sense of control seems to be the link between work stress and using food to cope.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Discrimination and Filial Caregivers’ Age on Aspects of Physical Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 360-360
Author(s):  
Barbara Hodgdon ◽  
Jen Wong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Filial caregivers (e.g., individuals caring for a parent or parent-in-law) are a part of the growing number of family caregivers in midlife and late adulthood. The responsibilities that filial caregivers navigate in midlife and late adulthood may expose them to multiple types of discrimination that may decrease their physical health, though this relationship has been understudied. As numbers of family caregivers grow, it is important to examine the potential vulnerability of younger and older filial caregivers’ physical health in the context of discrimination. Informed by the life course perspective, this study compares the physical health of younger (aged 34-64) and older (aged 64-74) filial caregivers who experience discrimination. Filial caregivers (N=270; Mage=53; SD=9.37) from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS-II) Survey reported on demographics, family caregiving, daily discrimination, self-rated physical health, and chronic conditions via questionnaires and phone interviews. Regression analyses showed no differences between younger and older adults’ self-rated physical health or average chronic conditions. However, moderation analyses revealed that younger filial caregivers who experienced greater discrimination reported poorer self-rated physical health than their older counter parts as well as younger and older filial caregivers who experienced less discrimination. Additionally, younger caregivers with greater discrimination exposure exhibited more number of chronic conditions as compared to other caregivers. The study results highlight the impact of the intersection between filial caregivers’ age and discrimination on physical health. Findings have the potential to inform programs that could promote the health of filial caregivers in the face of discrimination.

Measurement of Perceived Interpersonal and Societal Anti-Muslim Discrimination in the United States

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112097338
Author(s):  
Naheed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Discrimination Index ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Component Models

Background: Hate crimes against Muslim Americans have increased exponentially in the past 20 years, but there is currently no scale for measuring perceived anti-Muslim discrimination in the United States. To fill this gap, this study used a mixed-method approach to develop scales for measuring perceived anti-Muslim discrimination. Method: Qualitative data informed the development and validation of the 19-item Societal Anti-Muslim Discrimination Index and the 9-item Interpersonal Anti-Muslim Discrimination Index. Quantitative data ( N = 347) were collected from Muslim Americans using an online survey and used to assess the anti-Muslim indexes. Results: Qualitative data contributed to the refinement scale items. Quantitative results indicated one-component models and modest to high reliability of the Interpersonal Anti-Muslim Discrimination Index (.77) and Societal Anti-Muslim Discrimination Index (.88) scales. Discussion: Study results established the validity of these novel scales for measuring the distinct facets of anti-Muslim discrimination not captured by the Everyday Discrimination Index. These scales will facilitate research on anti-Muslim discrimination and the health implications of this form of religious-based discrimination.

scholarly journals Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Is Well Tolerated and Maintains Stable Levodopa and Carbidopa Exposure Following Subcutaneous Infusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matthew Rosebraugh ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Melina Neenan ◽  
Maurizio F. Facheris
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Infusion ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Favorable Safety

Background: Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa, formerly known as ABBV-951, is a formulation of levodopa/carbidopa prodrugs with solubility that allows for subcutaneous (SC) infusion and is in development for the treatment of motor complications for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (aPD). Objective: The current work characterizes the levodopa (LD) and carbidopa (CD) pharmacokinetics (PK) following SC infusions of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa delivered at four different infusion rates in PD patients. Methods: This was a Phase 1, single ascending dose, single-blind study conducted in 28 adult male and female subjects at seven sites in the United States. Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa was administered via abdominal SC infusion in PD patients over 72 hours. Patients were stratified in 4 groups and received a fixed dose of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa based on their oral daily LD intake. Serial plasma PK samples were collected to assay for LD and CD concentrations. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study. Results: LD exposure quickly reached steady state and remained stable with minimal fluctuations. Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion provides stable LD and CD exposures compared to oral LD/CD dosing with the average steady-state exposure ranging from 747-4660 ng/mL for the different groups. Conclusion: Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa was able to provide stable LD and CD exposures in PD patients over 72 hours via SC route of delivery with very low fluctuation in LD concentration level across a wide range of clinically relevant exposures. Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa had a favorable safety profile. The low PK fluctuation following foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion is expected to maintain LD exposure to treat aPD patients within a narrow therapeutic window.

Confronting Soviet Power: U.S. Policy during the Early Cold War

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Avey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Distribution Of Power

Many self-identified realist, liberal, and constructivist scholars contend that ideology played a critical role in generating and shaping the United States' decision to confront the Soviet Union in the early Cold War. A close look at the history reveals that these ideological arguments fail to explain key aspects of U.S. policy. Contrary to ideological explanations, the United States initially sought to cooperate with the Soviet Union, did not initially pressure communist groups outside the Soviet orbit, and later sought to engage communist groups that promised to undermine Soviet power. The U.S. decision to confront the Soviets stemmed instead from the distribution of power. U.S. policy shifted toward a confrontational approach as the balance of power in Eurasia tilted in favor of the Soviet Union. In addition, U.S. leaders tended to think and act in a manner consistent with balance of power logic. The primacy of power over ideology in U.S. policymaking—given the strong liberal tradition in the United States and the large differences between U.S. and Soviet ideology—suggests that relative power concerns are the most important factors in generating and shaping confrontational foreign policies.

Pig breeding development and analysis of the modern pork market in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
N. V. Bogolyubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Total Meat

Pig breeding is one of the key areas for the development of livestock meat production both in Russia and in the world. According to forecasts of various agro-industrial companies and information and analytical agencies, by the end of 2020, pork production was predicted to grow similar to that in 2019, which was 5,1% (or more than 192,6 thousand tons, in slaughter weight, compared to 2018). This would represent more than a third of the total meat production in Russia, which was estimated at 11,04–11,22 million tons (as compared to 10,9 million tons in 2019). According to preliminary data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (dated February 4, 2021), pork production increased "at 8.9% by 2019, which in live weight is +446 thousand tons", while the total meat production in Russia in 2020 reached 15,6 million tons, an increase of 3,1% (+472 thousand tons) more than in 2019. These indicators significantly exceed the forecasts indicated above, which is associated with the implementation of investment projects (primarily with state participation) in this direction and "expansion of export opportunities for Russian suppliers" in 2020. Despite the sanctions, coronavirus and other global challenges to the Russian economy, pork has been the "main driver" for the growth of meat production in Russia in recent years. Now our country is on the 4th line in the ranking according to the pig numbers (46.5 million heads in 2019) after China, the European Union and the United States of America. Agricultural enterprises in Russia account for 83,4% of pigs, 14,6% – on personal subsidiary plots, 2,0% – on farms. According to experts, the long-term development trend is an increase in the number of pigs in 5 years by 27,7%, in 10 years – by 36,1%, and the annual increase in pork production is planned at about 5%. Thus, in recent years, pork production has determined a positive trend in all domestic livestock farming in terms of the volume and quality of meat produced in Russia.

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