scholarly journals Evaluation of barley genotypes for the content of β-glucans in grain and other valuable features in Eastern Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
V. I. Polonskiy ◽  
N. A. Surin ◽  
S. A. Gerasimov ◽  
A. G. Lipshin ◽  
A. V. Sumina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Qualitative Trait ◽  
Naked Barley ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Barley Germplasm ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Background.The aim of the research was to identify barley germplasm accessions with the minimum and maximum content of β-glucans in their grain in combinations with other improved useful traits.Material and methods.The material for analysis were 18 hulled and 8 naked barley accessions of various ecogeographic origin from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), which were grown under the conditions of Eastern Siberia in 2016–2018.Results.Hulled accessions yielded grains with β-glucan content from 3.18 to 4.51%; naked ones, from 3.18 to 5.21%. According to the minimum value of the studied qualitative trait (3.18–3.43%), cultivars of Siberian breeding were identified: ‘Mayak’ (k-29622, Krasnoyarsk Territory) and ‘Tarsky 3’ (k-30719, Omsk Province), plus cv. ‘AC Albright’ (k-30599, Canada); according to the maximum value (5.06–5.21%), the naked accessions Nudum 155 (k-13328, Ukraine) and ‘Nudum 95’ (k-31125, Chelyabinsk Province). The highest protein content in grain (16.63–18.36%) was found in the accessions Nudum 155, Nudum 7566 (k-29453, Kyrgyzstan) and ‘Nudum 95’. The accessions Nudum 155 and ‘Nudum 95’ were characterized by combined high contents of β-glucans and protein in their grain. Early maturity and increased productivity were shown by the cultivars ‘Tarsky 3’, ‘Kolchan’ (k-31039, Altai Territory), ‘Zolotnik’ (k-30845, Altai Territory), ‘Abalak’ (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tyumen Province), and ‘AC Albright’ (Canada). A significant positive relationship was found between the content of β-glucans and the weight of 1000 grains in both forms of barley.Conclusion.According to β-glucan content combined with other valuable characteristics in grain, the accessions ‘Mayak’, ‘Tarsky 3’ and ‘AC Albright’ are of interest for the improvement of fodder cultivars, while ‘Nudum 95’ and Nudum 155 are promising for breeding for food.

Potential of SSR markers for plant breeding and variety identification in Australian barley germplasm

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karakousis ◽  
A. R. Barr ◽  
K. J. Chalmers ◽  
G. A. Ablett ◽  
T. A. Holton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Variety Identification ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Barley Germplasm ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SSR markers closely linked to 18 loci that control 16 important barley traits were assessed for their applicability in Australian barley breeding programs. A panel of 40 genotypes routinely used by the South Australian Barley Improvement Program (SABIP) was used to examine the usefulness of these SSR markers for marker assisted selection (MAS). The success of monitoring a trait locus from donor to recipient lines ranged from 10 to 98%, depending on the marker. SSRs with a high polymorphic information content (PIC) value were found to be the most useful for application in MAS. The assessment also indicated that SSRs derived from genomic sequences were more successful for MAS than those designed from expressed sequence tags. A total of 130 SSR markers were screened among 2 panels of Australian barley genotypes to determine which markers would be the most useful for discriminating Australian germplasm. PIC values generated by this screening were also compared with those generated using a panel of European barley genotypes. Using ordinary correlations (parametric), rank correlations (non-parametric), and partial correlations (multi-variate), a strong association was found between the 2 Australian panels, but no or weak correlation was observed between the 2 Australian panels and the European dataset. It can therefore be concluded that PIC values generated by SSR markers screened with European genotypes cannot be used to predict the usefulness of an SSR marker for discriminating Australian genotypes. From PIC values generated in this study, 36 SSR markers have been selected for the discrimination of Australian genotypes. These markers all show high and/or consistent PIC values among Australian and European barley genotypes.

scholarly journals Screening of breeding material of naked barley for breeding-valuable traits in the conditions of the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022121
Author(s):  
E Doroshenko ◽  
Y Filippov ◽  
A Dontsova ◽  
D Dontsov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Naked Barley ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract The Southern Federal District is one of the main grain-producing regions of the Russian Federation. The share of the Southern Federal District, in which the Rostov Region is located, accounts for 12-15% of the total Russian barley production. In solving the problem of a further increase in yield and an increase in the quality characteristics of grain, the priority belongs to the variety. As a result of a long-term study of the collection of naked barley, sources of valuable traits and properties were identified: high grain content of an ear: K-9010 (Turkey), Akka (Israel), Nuda Bianco (Italy), 1057-1923 (Czech Republic), Buck CDC (Canada), K-266 (Pakistan); the number of productive stems per unit area: Kitaki-nadaka (Japan), K-11182 (Japan), K-3772 (Dagestan), Golozerny (RF); early maturity: Omsk golozerny 1 (RF), Brunee (Ethiopia), NB-owa (Nepal), K-11182 (Japan), Golozerny (RF), K-3038 (Turkmenistan), K-3426 (Japan), K-19103 (India), K-26598 (Ethiopia), K-266 (Pakistan), Korona Laschego (Poland). Over the years of research on a complex of traits, a number of samples have been identified that combine a high potential of grain productivity with resistance to lodging, different duration of the growing season and plant height: K-26598 (Ethiopia), 84469/70 (Czech Republic), CDC Dawn (Canada), Holozerny (RF), 1057-1923 (Czech Republic), Omsk Holozerny 1 (RF), K-6099 (Afghanistan), Akka (Israel), Kitaki-hadaka (Japan).

Novel barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm resistant to acidic soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Moroni ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
B. J. Scott ◽  
M. Conyers ◽  
B. J. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Australian Standard ◽  
Barley Germplasm ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Improving the resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to acidic soils is an important goal of several barley breeding programs around the world. The identification and utilisation of novel barley sources resistant to aluminium (Al) may provide a significant and rapid advance towards that goal. Barley standards and screening protocols for selecting barley germplasm resistant to Al in nutrient solution and acidic soil were reevaluated. The assays used were quantitative in nature and were suitable for genotypic- and seedling-based selections. Although there was a broad agreement between the solution culture assays and soil assays in the ranking of genotypes it obscured the fact that misclassification of genotypes is common. Brindabella was shown to be better suited than Dayton (the current barley standard resistant to Al) as the Australian standard for resistance to acidic soils. A seedling-based Al pulse-recovery assay and an acidic soil assay were used to characterise 41 genotypes from the South and East Asian Barley Core Collection (SEA-BCC). In addition, in the acidic soil assays several standard barley and wheat genotypes were included. Three SEA-BCC genotypes were more resistant than Dayton to acidic soil while several others were similar to Dayton. The most resistant SEA-BCC genotypes Honen, Ohichi and Zairai Tanbo were of Japanese origin. Misclassification of barley genotypes and wheat genotypes for resistance to soil acidity between solution culture and acid soil assay provided strong evidence for the unsuitability of solution culture assay. Although in solution culture several barley genotypes were sensitive relative to wheat, in acidic soil they were not different from wheat. While the quest for resistant barley to acidic soils similar or better than resistant wheat still continues, it may be an unnecessary endeavour.

scholarly journals Ecological and geographical grouping of pear varieties and identification of new sources for breeding in the conditions of the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
I. A. Bandurko ◽  
Z. Sh. Daguzhieva
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
World Collection ◽  
The World

The article presents the results of a long-term study of the world collection of pears, which is one of the largest in the RIPB system. It is kept at the Maykop Experimental Station of the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov» branch and has 875 varieties, 248 species, forms and varieties, and is constantly updated with new samples. The collection includes wild species, as well as Russian and foreign varieties from Europe, America, Asia. The research was carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus in 2005–2015. The aim of the research is to study the dependence of biological traits and properties on the origin of samples and to isolate genotypes with the maximum expression of traits for use in breeding. In the research the methodological instructions of the All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops and the North Caucasus Center for the Breeding of Fruit, Berry, Flower and Ornamental Crops and Grapes have been used. The analysis of weather conditions has been carried out using meteorological data of the MES of the RIPB Branch. The regularities of the manifestation of signs and biological properties of the studied samples depending on their geographical origin have been established. The varieties that combine a fairly good quality of fruits and other, valuable characteristics have been identified: late flowering for protection from frost – Obilnaya Tuza, Uspenka; resistance to fungal diseases – Vodnik, Utrennyaya Svezhest; early maturity – Borup, Napoca and high regular yield – P. regelii x P. pyrifolia № 2 interspecific hybrid. As a result of many years of studying the world collection of pears the list of isolated genotypes of valuable traits has been added, the use of which contributes to a significant increase in the efficiency of breeding work.

scholarly journals Formation of a working tobacco collection according to the complex of characters in the conditions of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
◽  
A. V. Morgun ◽  
V. I. Morgun ◽  
A. M. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Selection Of

One of the effective ways of creating high-yield tobacco varieties is the selection of donors of economically valuable characters and their optimal combination in new plant genotypes. Sources for selection and creation of such donors are gene pool collections, which concentrate source material of different geographical origin with a set of valuable breeding and genetic characters. The level of expression of these characters is modified by breeding conditions and the response of the genotype to environmental factors. Therefore, the main purpose of our research was to study the manifestation of morpho-biological features and properties of plants of tobacco collection samples in agroclimatic conditions of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine, establishment of breeding value of available gene pool of culture, selection of sources of economically valuable characters and formation of working tobacco collection. The strategic task of research is to create the varieties that are able to maximize the use of their genetic potential in a specific region, to be resistant to stressful environmental conditions, to ensure a high realization of the genetic potential of productivity. For the first time in the conditions of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine the analysis of 30 collection samples of tobacco of different ecological and geographical origin was carried out. New genetic sources for morphological character of plants, raw yield, seed productivity and early maturity, which are used at the Experimental station of tobacco farming National Research Center "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences" in variety breeding, were identified. A certificate of registration of the working collection of tobacco gene pool of the present on morphological characters was received from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, according to the results of research in 2017–2019 (Certificate № 277 from 29.10.2019).

scholarly journals Promising varieties and hybrids F1 sweet pepper for the central zone of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
T. Kh. Kholmuminov ◽  
M. Kh. Aramov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
The State ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
State Register

Relevance. The State Register of agricultural crops recommended for sowing on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan includes 47 hybrids and varieties of sweet pepper. Of these, 8 varieties and one F1 hybrid of domestic selection and 31 F1 hybrids of foreign selection (State Register, 2021). However, many of them, especially those of foreign selection, do not meet the requirements of the local market and are not adapted to local climatic conditions. In this regard, a preliminary test of varieties and hybrids included in the State Register, as well as F1 hybrids offered by foreign producers, was carried out in order to identify the most promising varieties for the conditions of the Central zone of Uzbekistan.Material and research methods. A preliminary tests included 20 varieties and F1 hybrids: 7 varieties and 1 hybrid F1 of domestic selection, 2 varieties and 10 F1 hybrids of foreign selection. The experiments were laid on the experimental base of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources.Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of 20 varieties and hybrids of F1 sweet pepper, promising samples were identified for both breeding and industrial use. The sources of early maturity can be the Abai and Claudio hybrids, with the duration of the period "seedlings - biological ripeness of fruits" 97-99 days. To create large-fruited varieties in breeding work, F1 hybrids should be used: Procraft, Dallas, Magno, Claudio, Gemini and Zumrad variety. For breeding thick-walled and very thick-walled varieties and hybrids, the varieties Dar Tashkenta, Sabo, Nargiza, Lastochka, Podarok Moldova, Shodlik, Zumrad, etc., as well as F1 hybrids Procraft, Cadia should be used. High total (43.0-54.1 t/ha) and marketable (40.1-50.5 t/ha) yield was noted in hybrids F1. The most promising hybrids are Cadia, Procraft, Magno, Dallas with a total yield of 50.1-54.1 t/ha, against 47.5 t/ha for the F1 Zhaikhun standard. The total and marketable yield of the tested varieties was significantly lower compared to hybrids F1 and amounted to 33.5-38.6 and 30.7-35.7 t/ha, respectively.

Formation and study of the cherry (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) Collection at melitopol research fruit growing station to identify valuable-for-breeding accessions

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
A.M. Shkinder-Barmina
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
New Varieties

Aim. To form and study the gene pool cherry collection and to select varieties -sources with highly expressed valuable economic and biological characteristics for breeding. Result and Discussion. Having studied varieties, we identified sources of valuable economic and biological characteristics: winter hardiness of generative buds, resistance of flower buds to freezing during late spring, field resistance to monilial burn and coccomycosis, crown compactness, self-fertility, early maturity, large fruits, high fruit palatability, early ripening of fruits, and high productivity. Among the identified 60 varieties-sources of individual valuable characteristics, valuable for breeding varieties were picked out (Amulet, Vstrecha, Hriot Melitopilskyi, Ighrushka, Melitopilskaya Radist, Melitopilska Purpurna, Prizvaniye, Siianets Turovtsevoi, Solidarnist, Shalunia, Chudo Vyschnia), which are sources of several economically valuable characteristics. Over the period of 2004 2018, 31 domestic and foreign varieties, which are donors and sources of these valuable economic and biological characteristics, were involved in breeding to create new varieties of cherries and cherry-sweet cherry hybrids. Registration Certificates of a Plant Gene Pool Accession in Ukraine were received for Shalunia, Vstrecha, Vidrodzhennia, Rannii Desert, Solidarnist, Melitopilska Purpurna, and Melitopilska Radist varieties. Three more varieties were submitted for certificates. Having studied the collection, distinguished reference varieties and sources of biological and economically valuable characteristics, a trait collection of cherries was formed and registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Conclusions. The gene pool collection of cherries is investigated continuously for effective breeding. Varieties-sources of valuable characteristics were identified, the involvement of which in breeding will allow generating forms that combine maximal number of economically valuable characteristics in the same genotype.

THE GENE POOL OF SPRING WHEAT FROM THE VIR COLLECTION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR USE IN BREEDING

1970 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
S. K. Temirbekova ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
L. M. Medvedeva ◽  
Yu. V. Afanaseva ◽  
I. M. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Short Stalk ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technological Evaluation

The results of a long-term study of collection samples of spring wheat from the VIR gene pool are presented. Origin of samples from Russia, USA, France, Mexico, India, Sweden, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Kenya, Australia, Belgium, Ukraine, Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland, Finland, Brazil, UK. By means of personal contacts a large specimen of Faraon (USA) was obtained. In the process of studying the varietal population, a biotype was isolated, which was improved by the desired economically valuable traits. The biotype of the Pharaoh is distinguished by a large grain, the mass of 1000 grains is 50-70 g. The protein content is 15-18%. The vitrification is 99%. At the same time it is resistant to a complex of diseases - powdery mildew, brown rust, enzymatic mycosis seed depletion (EMIS). Technological evaluation of the biotype showed the possibility of using it for macaroni purposes. BR-34 (Brazil) has been isolated biotype, studied biochemical and technological properties. Evaluation of the collection from different countries revealed the following: samples from Germany, the Netherlands, England, France, Sweden, Poland, the USA are late-ripening, short-stemmed, with a low mass of 1000 grains and yield. Samples from the USA stand out against brown rust. Samples from Mexico are short-stemmed. Samples from India are donors of short stalk and productivity. Highlighted samples on early maturity, coarse grain, short stalk, weight of 1000 grains, yield, resistance to diseases are recommended for use in breeding programs at the Moscow Research Institute of Nemchinovka and other research institutes.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Novel Efficient Resistance Response to the Furoviruses SBWMV and SBCMV in Barley

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1193-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lyons ◽  
Kim E. Hammond-Kosack ◽  
Kostya Kanyuka
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Artificial Virus ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Barley Germplasm ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The interaction between the furoviruses Soilborne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) and Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and their main host wheat is well documented; however, to date, only a few reports have addressed the response of other cereal species to these viruses. Here, we show that, in contrast to wheat, barley germplasm is a rich source of resistance to furoviruses. Moreover, we demonstrate that barley genotypes respond differentially to SBCMV and SBWMV, thereby providing an additional biological basis for classification of these viruses as two separate species. Following natural (soil) inoculation, some barley genotypes permitted foliar infection by SBWMV, whereas all 22 genotypes tested were resistant to SBCMV. Resistance is unlikely to be directed toward the virus vector, because Polymyxa graminis DNA was detected in the roots of all tested genotypes. Resistance to SBCMV in some barley genotypes was overcome by artificial virus inoculation onto the leaves, suggesting a block on virus translocation from roots to shoots as in resistant wheat genotypes. However, other genotypes were fully resistant following both inoculation techniques. One barley genotype, ‘Dayton,’ exhibited extreme resistance to both furoviruses. Further molecular analyses suggested that this novel and highly efficient resistance to furoviruses in barley operates by limiting virus spread from the primary inoculated cells.

scholarly journals Selection and assessment of barley genotypes of Eastern-Siberian  selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
N. A. Surin ◽  
N. E. Liakhova ◽  
S. A. Gerasimov ◽  
A. G. Lipshin
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Selection And Assessment ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The research was  conducted in selection crop rotation of Krasnoyarsk Research Agricultural Institute in Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe zone of East Siberian region in 2013-2016. The authors observed strongly opposite  Agrometeorological conditions in the vegetation periods of research periods: 2013 and 2014 were rather humid where hydrothermal index was 2.20 and 2.11); 2015 was characterized by insufficient humidity (1,21); humidity in 2016 was equal to 1,59.  The paper highlights the specimens that are of practical significance.  Abalak, E-88-5893 and T-66-3194 contain higher amount of gross protein (5,00-5,10 t/ha); Kedr, Buyan , Olenek, T-66-3194, U-49-3795, U-273593,U-30-3624 and F-68-4721 contain higher number of grains in the main spike (19,1-22,4); Kedr, BIOM and TS-29-5047 are significant for their mass of 1000 grains (47,5-49,6); higher crop yield capacity  was observed in  Abalak, E-88-5893, T-66-3194,U-49-3795, F-68-4721 (significant increase to the standard 3.3 to 5.6 C/ha, or 8.5 to 14.5%); environmental stability (St2) was typical for  E- 88-5893, T-66-3194,U-27-3593 and U-30-3624; response to better cultivating conditions was observed in Kedr (1.14), Olenek (1.38), Abalak (1.10), U-49-3795 (1.09) and F-68-4721 ( 1.09); General adaptive ability is typical for – Abalak (4,05), E-88-5863 (3,63) and T-66-3194 (4,33); specific adaptive capacity was observed in significant Kedr, Vulkan, Abalak, Olenek, U-49-3795 and F - 68-4721; genotype stability (Sgi) – E-88-5893, T-66-3194, U-27-3593, U-30-3624; selection value of the genotype (SGI) is typical for Vulkan (23,20), Olenek (20,30), Abalak (22,11), E-88-5893 (21,84), T-66-3194 (22,21), U-27-3593 (20,00), U-49-3795 (21,10) and F-68-4721 (20,90), which confirms their higher adaptive properties in extreme conditions of Eastern Siberia. The researchers outline efficient lines:  E-88-5893 (Emelya) and T-66-3194 (Takmak).

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