Diagnosis and management of a scrotal wall mass with the aid of a Scrotoscope: a descriptive observational study

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31083/jomh.2021.046 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

The Other ◽

Scrotal Pain ◽

Preoperative Ultrasound ◽

Scrotal Edema ◽

Chronic Scrotal Pain ◽

The Masses ◽

Scrotal Tumor ◽

Wall Mass

Background and objective: A scrotal wall mass is relatively rare in clinical practice, and very diﬃcult to differentiate from a scrotal content lesion by a physical or ultrasound examination. In this study, we share our experience with the scrotoscope for diagnosing and treating scrotal wall masses. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all clinical data of scrotal wall mass patients treated by our medical team between June 2015 and July 2019. Diagnostic value was evaluated by comparison with a Doppler ultrasound examination and therapeutic value was evaluated by comparison with traditional surgery. Suspected scrotal tuberculosis or malignant scrotal tumor patients were excluded. Results: Six patients with scrotal wall masses were diagnosed and treated with the scrotoscope. A preoperative ultrasound examination led to an ambiguous or incorrect diagnosis for the origin of the scrotal wall masses in all six cases. The location of all of the masses was conﬁrmed by exploring with the scrotoscope. Three patients were diagnosed with scrotal wall cysts, and one was successfully resected during the procedure; the other two were resected through a small incision. Four scrotal wall solid masses were resected in the other three patients through small incisions after the diagnosis using the scrotoscope. No wound infection, scrotal edema, hematoma, chronic scrotal pain, or injury to the testicles or epididymis were observed. Conclusions: Scrotal wall masses are relatively rare, and it was very diﬃcult to obtain a ﬁrm diagnosis of their origin using preoperative ultrasound. The scrotoscope conﬁrmed localization of the tumor, and provided us important information for a minimally invasive resection. Endoscopic resection of a mass can be performed using a scrotoscope.

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Diagnosis and Management of Scrotal Wall Mass with the Aid of Scrotoscope: Case Series Report

10.21203/rs.3.rs-81344/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ruochen Zhang ◽

Yunliang Gao ◽

Tao Li ◽

Qingguo Zhu ◽

Liefu Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Case Series ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

The Other ◽

Scrotal Pain ◽

Small Incision ◽

Preoperative Ultrasound ◽

Chronic Scrotal Pain ◽

The Masses ◽

Wall Mass

Abstract Background Scrotal wall mass is relatively rare in clinical practice, and very difficult to be differentiated from scrotal content lesions by physical or ultrasound examination. Herein, we would like to share the experiences of scrotoscope in diagnosis and treatment of Scrotal wall masses. Methods Retrospectively reviewed all the clinical data of scrotal wall mass patients treated by our medical team between June 2015 and July 2019. The diagnostic value was evaluated by comparing with Doppler ultrasound examination and the therapeutic value was evaluated by comparing with traditional surgery. Suspected scrotal tuberculosis or malignant scrotal tumor patients were excluded. Results Totally, 6 patients with scrotal wall masses were diagnosed and treated with scrotoscope. Preoperative ultrasound examination leaded to ambiguous or incorrect diagnosis of the origination of scrotal wall masses in all the 6 cases. The location of all the masses was clearly confirmed by scrotoscope exploration. Three patients were diagnosed as scrotal wall cysts, and 1 of them was successfully resected during the procedure, the other 2 were resected through small incision. In the other 3 patients, a total of 4 scrotal wall solid masses were resected through small incision after diagnosis by scrotoscope. There was no wound infection, scrotal edema, hematoma, chronic scrotal pain or injury of testicular or epididymis. Conclusions Scrotal wall masses are relatively rare, and it is very difficult for preoperative ultrasound examination to make a firm diagnosis of its origination. Scrotoscope can confirm the localization of the tumor, and provides us important information for minimally invasive resection. And even in some cases, endoscopic resection of the masses can be performed under scrotoscope.

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STUDIES IN THE RELATION OF THE HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS TO RHEUMATIC FEVER

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.3.4.482 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 482-503

Author(s):

T. N. HARRIS ◽

SUSANNA HARRIS ◽

RUTH L. NAGLE

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

The Other ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽

Streptococcal Antigens ◽

The Mean

Titrations of antibodies to four streptococcal antigens have been carried out in the sera of patients with rheumatic fever and of convalescents from streptococcal infections. These antigens are the hyaluronidase, the hemolysin, and two somatic fractions, the cytoplasmic particles and supernate proteins. Mean titers to all of these antigens were elevated in both rheumatic and streptococcal infection. The mean titer was somewhat higher in rheumatic than in streptococcal infection in the case of three of these antibodies. In the case of the fourth, antihyaluronidase, this difference was considerably greater. The antihyaluronidase titer showed better correlation with changes in the activity of the rheumatic infection than did the other tests. There was, however, no striking correlation between this titer and the severity of the illness. Application was made of these findings to the problem of laboratory diagnosis of rheumatic fever by streptococcal serology. A method is presented for assessing the relative usefulness of such tests in terms of the, distribution of their titers in this disease and in health. By this method the antihyaluronidase test was found to be most useful of the four. The comparative diagnostic value for rheumatic fever was studied in the case of the antihyaluronidase test, the antistreptolysin test, and of combinations of both tests.

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Overshooting calibration and age determination from evolved binary systems

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201832668 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 615 ◽

pp. A62 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Valle ◽

M. Dell’Omodarme ◽

P. G. Prada Moroni ◽

S. Degl’Innocenti

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Monte Carlo Simulations ◽

Relative Error ◽

Binary Systems ◽

The Other ◽

Helium Burning ◽

Primary Star ◽

Large Variability ◽

Convective Core ◽

The Masses

Aims. The capability of grid-based techniques to estimate the age together with the convective core overshooting efficiency of stars in detached eclipsing binary systems for main sequence stars has previously been investigated. We have extended this investigation to later evolutionary stages and have evaluated the bias and variability on the recovered age and convective core overshooting parameter accounting for both observational and internal uncertainties. Methods. We considered synthetic binary systems, whose age and overshooting efficiency should be recovered by applying the SCEPtER pipeline to the same grid of models used to build the mock stars. We focus our attention on a binary system composed of a 2.50 M⊙ primary star coupled with a 2.38 M⊙ secondary. To explore different evolutionary scenarios, we performed the estimation at three different times: when the primary is at the end of the central helium burning, when it is at the bottom of the RGB, and when it is in the helium core burning phase. The Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for two typical values of accuracy on the mass determination, that is, 1% and 0.1%. Results. Adopting typical observational uncertainties, we found that the recovered age and overshooting efficiency are biased towards low values in all three scenarios. For an uncertainty on the masses of 1%, the underestimation is particularly relevant for a primary in the central helium burning stage, reaching − 8.5% in age and − 0.04 (− 25% relative error) in the overshooting parameter β. In the other scenarios, an undervaluation of the age by about 4% occurs. A large variability in the fitted values between Monte Carlo simulations was found: for an individual system calibration, the value of the overshooting parameter can vary from β = 0.0 to β = 0.26. When adopting a 0.1% error on the masses, the biases remain nearly unchanged but the global variability is suppressed by a factor of about two. We also explored the effect of a systematic discrepancy between the artificial systems and the model grid by accounting for an offset in the effective temperature of the stars by ± 150 K. For a mass error of 1% the overshooting parameter is largely biased towards the edges of the explored range, while for the lower mass uncertainty it is basically unconstrained from 0.0 to 0.2. We also evaluate the possibility of individually recovering the β value for both binary stars. We found that this is impossible for a primary near to central hydrogen exhaustion owing to huge biases for the primary star of + 0.14 (90% relative error), while in the other cases the fitted β are consistent, but always biased by about − 0.04 (− 25% relative error). Finally, the possibility to distinguish between models computed with mild overshooting from models with no overshooting was evaluated, resulting in a reassuring power of distinction greater than 80%. However, the scenario with a primary in the central helium burning was a notable exception, showing a power of distinction lower than 5%.

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Some nuclear transformations of beryllium and boron and the masses of the light elements

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1935.0099 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 150 (869) ◽

pp. 241-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Emission ◽

Periodic Table ◽

Small Error ◽

The Other ◽

Light Elements ◽

Mass Energy ◽

Present Communication ◽

Mass Data ◽

The Masses ◽

Α Particles

In a recent paper we showed that the nuclear transformations produced in lithium by bombarding the element with protons and with ions of heavy hydrogen were in complete accord with the laws of the conservation of mass-energy and of momentum. At the same time we pointed out that there were serious discrepancies between the mass-data and the transformation-data in some other cases, and we stressed the fact that the concordance for lithium was one between mass-differences, and gave no test of the correctness or otherwise of the absolute masses in terms of O 16 = 16·000. In the present communication we present the results of experiments on the transformation of beryllium and boron by protons and by ions of heavy hydrogen. It is shown that it is not possible to interpret these results on the mass-data at present available, and we indicate how the difficulties may be overcome by the assumption of a single small error in the mass-spectrographic value for the mass of He 4 . Beryllium So far as it is known beryllium consists of a single isotope,* the mass of which according to Bainbridge is 9·0155. This mass is greater than that of two α-partieles and a neutron (8·0043 + 1·0080§ = 9·0123) by nearly three million volts, and hence great difficulties have been encountered in nuclear theory in accounting for the observed stability. It had been found by Rayleigh|| that the mineral beryl contained an abnormal quantity of helium, while the experiments of Curie-Joliot and of Chadwick¶ had shown that beryllium gave a copious emission of neutrons when bombarded by α-particles, but the most careful search has failed to give any evidence whatever for a spontaneous emission of particles from the element. Both lithium and boron, of atomic numbers 3 and 5 respectively, are very easily transformed by bombardment wit protons and with ions of heavy hydrogen, so that it was to be expected that beryllium, which lies between them in the periodic table, would also give effects when bombarded by the same ions. Observation of the energies evolved if the reactions are known with certainty, should then lead to values for the mass of Be 9 in terms of the masses of the other products of the transformations, which can be used to check the mass found by Bainbridge.

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Acquisition and metabolism of carbon in the Ochrophyta other than diatoms

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2016.0400 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 372 (1728) ◽

pp. 20160400 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

John A. Raven ◽

Mario Giordano

Keyword(s):

Carbon Metabolism ◽

Brown Algae ◽

C4 Photosynthesis ◽

Genomic Data ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

The Other ◽

High K ◽

C4 Metabolism ◽

Low Amplitude ◽

C3 Metabolism

The acquisition and assimilation of inorganic C have been investigated in several of the 15 clades of the Ochrophyta other than diatoms, with biochemical, physiological and genomic data indicating significant mechanistic variation. Form ID Rubiscos in the Ochrophyta are characterized by a broad range of kinetics values. In spite of relatively high K 0.5 CO 2 and low CO 2 : O 2 selectivity, diffusive entry of CO 2 occurs in the Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae. Eustigmatophyceae and Phaeophyceae, on the contrary, have CO 2 concentrating mechanisms, usually involving the direct or indirect use of . This variability is possibly due to the ecological contexts of the organism. In brown algae, C fixation generally takes place through a classical C3 metabolism, but there are some hints of the occurrence of C4 metabolism and low amplitude CAM in a few members of the Fucales. Genomic data show the presence of a number of potential C4 and CAM genes in Ochrophyta other than diatoms, but the other core functions of many of these genes give a very limited diagnostic value to their presence and are insufficient to conclude that C4 photosynthesis is present in these algae. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.

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Preoperative ultrasound examination interpreted to represent a small contracted gallbladder with stones

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association ◽

10.7556/jaoa.1999.99.10.530 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 99 (10) ◽

pp. 530 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Quincy Scott

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Preoperative Ultrasound

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Optimization of Ultrasound Examination in Diagnosis of Knee Injuries

N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics ◽

10.17816/vto201522330-35 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

I. A Pitsyn

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Comparative Assessment ◽

Knee Joints

Comparative assessment of arthroscopic and ultrasound examination data were performed in 393 patients (400 knee joints). For the perfection of diagnosis quality a principle of “feedback” (cooperation) between examiners was used. Basing on the analysis of the achieved results the reasons for sonographic and ultrasound results (objective and subjective) incompatibility were determined and real diagnostic value of ultrasound examination was estimated for every intraarticular knee structure separately.

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Challenges and Failures in the Contemporary Arab Discourse

International Journal of Linguistics Literature & Translation ◽

10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.6.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 202-210

Author(s):

Wafa Alkhatib ◽

Mohammad Al-Qudah

Keyword(s):

Political Discourse ◽

The Other ◽

Practical Application ◽

The Masses

This research deals with the challenges and defeats faced by the contemporary Arab discourse in all its forms and aspects, especially as it is experiencing a strong crisis between international and regional inconsistencies, produced by the forces of globalization and its uneasy pressures. Our basic thesis in this article can be summarized as follows. First, we argue that, can we say that the contemporary Arab discourse is dependent on the other, or is it a slave to the makers of globalization? Second, Does the Arab discourse in the present era issued by the same reference that was issued several decades ago, or is it reconsidering this reference to adapt to the circumstances and developments surrounding it? Or is it adapted between its Arab privacy, which starts from the constants and references that differ from our Arab reality and does not apply to our problems? To prove this, the article tries to shed the light on the credibility of the Arab political discourse, which constitutes a set of theoretical theses and hypothetical perceptions concerned with the author of the discourse only. It tries to reveal that the Arab political discourse does not touch the principle of practical application, as the recipients of political discourse feel disappointed and discredited because the author of the discourse derives his power from his authority and not from the authority of the masses, and loyalty is an absolute loyalty for him.

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