scholarly journals How our hands shape our minds: Six developmental pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustaf Gredebäck ◽  
Janna M. Gottwald ◽  
Moritz M. Daum
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
Gesture Comprehension ◽  
Controlling Actions ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Active Exploration ◽  
Perception Action

In the current, empirically grounded paper, we first explore the ways in which manual actions, that is actions performed with hands and arms such as reaching, grasping, and manipulating objects, shape the mind. Based on recent empirical research, we suggest six embodied developmental pathways which solve unique challenges faced by infants and children during development. I) Co-opted motor simulation allows action anticipation, II) interactive specialisation allows executive control to emerge from reaching and grasping. III) Active exploration and IV) error based-learning facilitate cognition and perception. Action based social interactions facilitate V) language development and VI) gesture comprehension. These pathways exemplify how manual actions and the underlying neural processes controlling actions are used by the infant to structure the world and develop cognitive capacities and learn from interactions with the physical and social world. Through an individual difference, correlational approach, we note that these abilities and processes measured in infancy have long-term associations with cognitive and perceptual development into childhood and beyond.

scholarly journals The embodied view of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Ágnes Szokolszky ◽  
◽  
Marietta Kékes Szabó ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Perception Action

In the past decades, research has firmly established that Autism Spectrum Disorder is a multicausal, multilevel phenomenon. With this multidimensional approach, theoretical viewpoints informing empirical research have also become more pluralized. In this paper, we describe a turn towards a metatheoretical shift in cognitive science labeled as "embodiment" and its application to theories and research on autism.We show how the premises of the embodied view of cognition: the relational-embodied nature of the mind and the interconnectedness of action, perception, thought, and affect lead to an approach to autism that is different from previous cognitivist approaches. In this framework, we discuss the role of sensorimotor and perception-action processes, as well as intersubjectivity in creating autistic developmental pathways. Autism is understood as rooted in a developmental cascade in which interdependent processes dynamically influence each other.

Marketing For Sustainability: A Conceptual Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Pankaj Jain
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Marketing Social ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Marketing Principles

This paper is an attempt to put forward a roadmap to attain sustainable marketing through social marketing, green marketing and critical marketing. Social Marketing is an approach to decide the marketing strategies and activities keeping society’s long term welfare in the mind. Social and ethical concerns are at the centre of social marketing. Green Marketing is an approach to develop and market environmentally safer products and services in and introducing sustainability efforts in various marketing and business processes. At last, Critical Marketing is an approach that calls for analyzing marketing principles, techniques and theory using a critical theory based approach. This approach helps in regulating and controlling marketing activities with a focus on sustainability as it challenges and questions the existing capitalist and marketing systems so as to achieve a more sustainable marketing system.

Еnactivist Criticism of the Neurobiological Theory of Consciousness

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Anastasia O. Shabalina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Person Experience

The article considers the main arguments against the neurobiological theory of consciousness from the point of view of the enactivist approach within the philosophy of mind. The neurobiological theory of consciousness, which reduces consciousness to neural activity, is currently the dominant approach to the mind-body problem. The neurobiological theory emerged as a result of advances in research on the phenomena of consciousness and through the development of technologies for visualizing the internal processes of mind. However, at the very heart of this theory, there is a number of logical contradictions. The non-reductive enactivist approach to consciousness, introduced in this article, contributes to the existing argumentation against the reduction of consciousness to neural processes with remonstrations that take into account the modern neuroscientific data. The article analyzes the argumentation of the sensorimotor enactivism developed by A. Noe and offers the account of the teleosemantic approach to the concept of information provided by R. Cao. The key problems of the neurobiological theory of consciousness are highlighted, and the objections emerging within the framework of the enactivist approach are analyzed. Since the main concepts on which the neural theory is based are the concepts of neural substrate, cognition as representation, and information as a unit of cognition, the author of the article presents three key enactivist ideas that oppose them. First, the enactivist concept of cognition as action allows us to consider the first-person experience as a mode of action, and not as a state of the brain substrate. Second, the article deals with the “explanatory externalism” argument proposed by Noe, who refutes the image of cognition as a representation in the brain. Finally, in order to critically revise the concept of information as a unit of cognition, the author analyzes Cao’s idea, which represents a teleosemantic approach, but is in line with the general enactivist argumentation. Cao shows that the application of the concept “information” to neural processes is problematic: no naturalized information is found in the brain as a physical substrate. A critical revision of beliefs associated with the neural theory of consciousness leads us to recognize that there are not enough grounds for reducing consciousness to processes that take place in the brain. That is why Noe calls expectations that the visualization of processes taking place in the brain with the help of the modern equipment will be able to depict the experience of consciousness the “new phrenology”, thus indicating the naive character of neural reduction. The article concludes that natural science methods are insufficient for the study of consciousness.

scholarly journals TAILA DHARA IN NIDRANASHA W.S.R. TO INSOMNIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Raosaheb Patil
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
The Mind

ABSTRACT Ayurveda says Nidra yuktam Sukham Dukkham, In fact, it says that sleep is one of the three pillars of health. Insomnia or Nidranasha, is not just about being not getting proper sleep but it means that the nervous system has been weakened and reduces our ability to cope up with daily sleep. Insomnia is named as Nidranasha, happens due to vitiation of Kapha, Pitta and Vata dosha. Proper and deep sleep helps the person keep Energetic, Enthusiastic, does Brumhana, increases the Bala, increases vigour and vitality and most it keeps the Mind in stable state for gaining knowledge. Insomnia means inability to get sleep at night or inability to have a restful and sound sleep. Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood. Insomnia can be short term, lasting for days or weeks, or long term, lasting more than a month. Insomnia can occur independently or as a result of another problem. Conditions that can result in insomnia include psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, Arthritis, menopause, and certain medications, and drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. Treatment of Insomnia:- Panchakarma â€“ Taila dhara a type of Shirodhara is very much useful in combacting the Insomnia caused due to various above said disorders. So its a demand of time to know about the real sleep and the disturbed sleep according to Ayurveda and Mordern medicines also and effect of Taila Dhara Brahmi,Jatamamsi siddha) in treating Insomnia.

scholarly journals Scale-Free Coupled Dynamics in Brain Networks Captured by Bivariate Focus-Based Multifractal Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Stylianou ◽  
Frigyes Samuel Racz ◽  
Andras Eke ◽  
Peter Mukli
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Coupled Dynamics ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Brain

While most connectivity studies investigate functional connectivity (FC) in a scale-dependent manner, coupled neural processes may also exhibit broadband dynamics, manifesting as power-law scaling of their measures of interdependence. Here we introduce the bivariate focus-based multifractal (BFMF) analysis as a robust tool for capturing such scale-free relations and use resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of 12 subjects to demonstrate its performance in reconstructing physiological networks. BFMF was employed to characterize broadband FC between 62 cortical regions in a pairwise manner, with all investigated connections being tested for true bivariate multifractality. EEG channels were also grouped to represent the activity of six resting-state networks (RSNs) in the brain, thus allowing for the analysis of within- and between- RSNs connectivity, separately. Most connections featured true bivariate multifractality, which could be attributed to the genuine scale-free coupling of neural dynamics. Bivariate multifractality showed a characteristic topology over the cortex that was highly concordant among subjects. Long-term autocorrelation was higher in within-RSNs, while the degree of multifractality was generally found stronger in between-RSNs connections. These results offer statistical evidence of the bivariate multifractal nature of functional coupling in the brain and validate BFMF as a robust method to capture such scale-independent coupled dynamics.

scholarly journals From Existential Graphs to Conceptual Graphs

2014 ◽  
pp. 439-472
Author(s):  
John F. Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Conceptual Graphs ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Graphic Notation ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Existential Graphs ◽  
The Mind

Existential graphs (EGs) are a simple, readable, and expressive graphic notation for logic. Conceptual graphs (CGs) combine a logical foundation based on EGs with features of the semantic networks used in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. CG design principles address logical, linguistic, and cognitive requirements: a formal semantics defined by the ISO standard for Common Logic; the flexibility to support the expressiveness, context dependencies, and metalevel commentary of natural language; and cognitively realistic operations for reasoning by induction, deduction, abduction, and analogy. To accommodate the vagueness and ambiguities of natural language, informal heuristics can supplement the formal semantics. With sufficient background knowledge and a clarifying dialog, informal graphs can be refined to any degree of precision. Peirce claimed that the rules for reasoning with EGs generate “a moving picture of the action of the mind in thought.” Some philosophers and psychologists agree: Peirce's diagrams and rules are a good candidate for a natural logic that reflects the neural processes that support thought and language. They are psychologically realistic and computationally efficient.

Towards Truly Autonomous Synthetic Characters with the Sigma Cognitive Architecture

2016 ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
Volkan Ustun ◽  
Paul S. Rosenbloom
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Models ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Fixed Structure

Realism is required not only for how synthetic characters look but also for how they behave. Many applications, such as simulations, virtual worlds, and video games, require computational models of intelligence that generate realistic and credible behavior for the participating synthetic characters. Sigma (S) is being built as a computational model of general intelligence with a long-term goal of understanding and replicating the architecture of the mind; i.e., the fixed structure underlying intelligent behavior. Sigma leverages probabilistic graphical models towards a uniform grand unification of not only traditional cognitive capabilities but also key non-cognitive aspects, creating unique opportunities for the construction of new kinds of non-modular behavioral models. These ambitions strive for the complete control of synthetic characters that behave as humanly as possible. In this paper, Sigma is introduced along with two disparate proof-of-concept virtual humans – one conversational and the other a pair of ambulatory agents – that demonstrate its diverse capabilities.

Nurse, 30 years’ experience, Norway

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Gregg H. Rawlings ◽  
Steven C. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mind ◽  
People Today

This chapter focuses on the experience of a nurse when working with children and adolescents with Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES). Young people today have challenges on many levels, and for some, the total load becomes so great that they develop “seizures” for which a biological cause cannot be identified. Young people who develop NES have often been overloaded for a long time, many describing family problems, long-term bullying problems, exclusion or problems at school. The nurse is also increasingly meeting young people who struggle to adapt to youth culture. They are exhausted from trying to find a balance in their lives—a balance between achievement and rest, between their own needs and society’s demands, between “what the mind wants” and “what the body can tolerate.” Some come from families who have strong ideals that are not compatible with youth culture. This can result in a loyalty conflict that seems impossible to solve.

Cochlear Implant Nonuse: Insight from Deaf Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-282
Author(s):  
Maryam Salehomoum
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Deaf Identity ◽  
Deaf Adults ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Research examining the outcome of pediatric cochlear implantation consists of certain limitations, including the use of assessments that are often restricted to auditory-spoken skills, biased recruitment practices, and lack of consideration for identity development. To better understand the long-term outcome of implantation, it is vital to seek out individuals who decide to stop using their device and elicit feedback related to their decision. Thus, 11 adults, who were past cochlear implant (CI) users, were interviewed to gain insight into factors that had led to their decision regarding cochlear implant nonuse. Results indicated several variables to have played a role, but the most prominent factors were limitations in postimplant auditory perceptual development and development of a d/Deaf identity. Although cochlear implant practices and technology have improved over the past few decades, we need to recognize the continued variability in outcome to ensure the provision of the most accurate information and appropriate services.

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