scholarly journals Exploring the pathways between transformative group experiences and identity fusion.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Michael Kavanagh ◽  
Rohan Kapitány ◽  
Idhamsyah Eka Putra ◽  
Harvey Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Defensive Response ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Transformative Experiences ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

A growing body of evidence suggests that two distinct forms of group alignment are possible: identification and fusion (the former asserts that group and personal identity are distinct, while the latter asserts group and personal identities are functionally equivalent and mutually reinforcing). Among highly fused individuals, group identity taps directly into personal agency and so any attack on the group is perceived as a personal attack and motivates a willingness to fight and possibly even die as a defensive response. As such, identity fusion is relevant in explaining violent extremism, including suicidal terrorist attacks. Identity fusion is theorized to arise as a result from the sharing of personally transformative experiences with other group members, however evidence for this relationship remains limited to date. Here, we present a pre-registered study in which we examine the role of transformativeness and perceived sharedness of group- defining events in generating identity fusion. We find that both of these factors are predictive of identity fusion but that the relationship with transformativeness was more consistent than perceived sharedness across analyses in a sample of Indonesian Muslims.

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

scholarly journals Pathogen Threat and In-group Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Imada ◽  
Nobuhiro Mifune
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Disease-causing parasites and pathogens play a pivotal role in intergroup behavior. Previous studies have suggested that the selection pressure posed by pathogen threat has resulted in in-group assortative sociality, including xenophobia and in-group favoritism. While the current literature has collated numerous studies on the former, strikingly, there has not been much research on the relationship between pathogen threat and in-group cooperation. Drawing upon prior studies on the function of the behavioral immune system (BIS), we argued that the BIS might facilitate cooperation with in-group members as a reactive behavioral immune response to pathogen threat. More specifically, we held that individuals might utilize cooperative behavior to ensure that they can receive social support when they have contracted an infectious disease. We reviewed existing findings pertaining to the potential role of the BIS in in-group cooperation and discussed directions for future studies.

Linkage Politics and Complex Governance in Transatlantic Surveillance

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-554
Author(s):  
Henry Farrell ◽  
Abraham L. Newman
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Globalization blurs the traditional distinction between high and low politics, creating connections between previously discrete issue areas. An important existing literature focuses on how states may intentionally tie policy areas together to enhance cooperation. Building on recent scholarship in historical institutionalism, the authors emphasize how the extent of political discretion enjoyed by heads of state to negotiate and implement international agreements varies across issue areas. When policy domains are linked, so too are different domestic political configurations, each with its own opportunity structures or points of leverage. Opening up the possibility for such variation, the article demonstrates how actors other than states, such as nonstate and substate actors, use the heterogeneity of opportunity structures to influence negotiations and their institutional consequences. The authors examine the theory's purchase on international cooperation over intelligence, privacy, and data exchange in the transatlantic space in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the revelations made public by Edward Snowden in 2013. The findings speak to critical international relations debates, including the role of nonstate actors in diplomacy, the interaction between domestic and international politics, and the consequences of globalization and digital technologies for the relationship between international political economy and security.

scholarly journals How do conflict narratives shape conflict- and peace-related outcomes among majority group members? The role of competitive victimhood in intractable conflicts

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843022091577
Author(s):  
Özden Melis Uluğ ◽  
Brian Lickel ◽  
Bernhard Leidner ◽  
Gilad Hirschberger
Keyword(s):  
Violent Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The One ◽  
Kurdish Conflict ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conflict Narratives

Previous research in the Turkish–Kurdish conflict context highlighted two opposing conflict narratives: (a) a terrorism narrative and (b) an independence narrative. In this article, we argue that these narratives are relevant to protracted and asymmetrical intergroup conflict (e.g., independence struggles), and therefore have consequences for conflict- and peace-related outcomes regardless of conflict contexts. We tested this generalizability hypothesis in parallel studies in the context of Turkish–Kurdish (Study 1) and Israeli–Palestinian relations (Study 2) among majority group members (Turks and Jewish Israelis, respectively). We also investigated competitive victimhood as a potential mediating variable in the relationship between conflict narratives on the one side and support for non-violent conflict resolution, forgiveness, and support for aggressive policies on the other, in parallel studies with the two aforementioned contexts. We argue that the terrorism narrative is essentially a negation of the narrative of the other group, and the independence narrative is a consideration of that narrative; therefore, competitive victimhood would be lower/higher when the narrative of the other is acknowledged/denied. Results point to the crucial relationship between endorsing conflict narratives and conflict- and peace-related outcomes through competitive victimhood, and to the possibility that these conflict narratives may show some similarities across different conflict contexts.

Crowdsourcing Terrorism: Utopia, Martyrdom and Citizenship Reimagined

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-352
Author(s):  
Jennifer Yang Hui
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Participatory Culture ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Relationship

The role of social media in aiding terrorist attacks worldwide has been widely discussed among counterterrorism officials and academics. Since 2014, the idea of ‘crowdsourced terrorism’, whereby the Islamic State (IS) outsourced the conduct of attacks to their followers and attempted to attract them to Syria, has been popularly used by Western policymakers. This article critically examines the phenomenon of crowdsourcing and the IS’s online appeal in the case of Indonesia. The participant–curator crowdsourcing model outlined by Laurie Philips and Daren Brabham explains the online appeal of the IS, with social media facilitating the IS’s establishment of the relationship with Internet users in faraway countries such as Indonesia and allowing them to participate in the making of the IS brand. Participatory culture therefore encourages an e-supporter’s faith in the importance of their individual contribution and social connection that transcend offline realities in areas such as citizenship. IS opinion leaders work alongside online supporters to craft the meaning of martyrdom and imagination of citizenship through social media posts about life in the Caliphate. The land of Syria is imagined simultaneously as paradise for those who take their faith seriously as well as the venue for the Islamic equivalent of Armageddon. Hijrah (jihad by emigration) to Syria and martyrdom are represented as obligatory in the quest for equalization of power and freedom from slavery of those who are against the establishment of the Caliphate. Crowdsourced imaginations of the IS have had implications in several areas of policymaking. The article will discuss the implications of online imaginaries on IS’s approaches to militancy in its operations, Indonesian decision makers’ debate to revoke the citizenship of those who had travelled to IS and for the Indonesian military in its quest for expansion of their role in counterterror operations.

scholarly journals Pengalaman Belajar Mahasiswa Dalam Model Pembelajaran Scl Di Program Studi Keperawatan Stikes Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Iskandar ◽  
Deby Zulkarnain Rahadian Syah
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Student Perception ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Nursing Program ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Explores in depth the learning experience of students in SCL “student center learning” model in Nursing Program Stikes General Achmad Yani Yogyakarta. Methods: This research use qualitative method with descriptive approach, executed on June until August 2016 in Nursing Program Stikes General Achmad Yani Yogyakarta. Informants in this study were selected by purposive sampling technique of convenience sampling. The informants involved in this research are 6 informants, where the researcher has obtained the data saturation in gathering information and has reached redudancy. Interviews were conducted once for each participant, lasting approximately 60-90 minutes for each participant. Data analysis method used in this research is method of analysis from Colaizzi. Result: There are 12 themes perceived by Nursing Program Stikes General Achmad Yani Students about SCL learning model that is role of student, the role of lecturer, learning process, student expression with SCL learning model,  the number of group members, student activeness in learning, improvement of student soft skills, means of learning, lecturer relationships with students, relationships between students, supporting factors, and inhibiting factors Conclusion: There are three perceptions of students about SCL learning, namely the role of lecturer as facilitator and mediator, scheduled learning process, and student perception on SCL learning model. The advantages of learning perceived by the students is seen from the number of group members, the activity of the students in learning and the improvement of the soft skills of the students. Lesson in the SCL learning model perceived by the students, the learning facilities, the relationship of lecturers with students, and the relationship among students. There are two factors that play a role in student learning in SCL learning model in Nursing Program Stikes General Achmad Yani Yogyakarta is the driving factor (self, family and friends)

scholarly journals Drivers of Clan Conflicts: A Perspective of the Role of Al-Shabaab in Garissa County, Kenya

SIASAT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Stephen, K. Rotich ◽  
Warfa, O. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Clan Identity ◽  
External Actors ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the drivers of intra-clan-based conflicts and the involvement of external actors that has remained indefinable in Garissa County. The three sub-counties: Garissa Township, Ijara and Fafi were purposively selected for the study because of prolonged and unresolved intra-clan conflicts coupled with militia group of Al-Shabaab attacks over the past years. Qualitative approach was used to seek understanding of drivers of intra-clan conflicts and involvement of violent extremism. The study involves primarily 35 Key Informants drawn from security agencies, Clan elders, Religious leaders and Civil societies across the three sub-counties. The study established that competition over natural resources: water; pasture and land are the main causes of intra-clan conflicts. The respondents attest that intra-clan conflicts have been accelerated by clan identity politics, poverty, illiteracy, unemployment and Al-Shabaab infiltration. The devolution has elevated competition for political leadership due to sharing of county resources and employment along the sub-clans. The study found some respondents attributing Kenya’s military operation in Somalia to reciprocal attacks by Al-Shabaab in the county. The research established that over the years, Somali clan conflicts and hostility have spilled over into North Eastern Kenya, creating security threat and undermining community peace and cohesion. The porous border of Kenya-Somali has made it easy for some sub-clans to communicate with their kinsmen’s counterparts and obtain guns that are readily available in Somalia. The perception of injustices and sense of marginalization amongst the Muslims have provided fertile ground for Al-Shabaab which has diverted attention of security agencies to violent extremism rather than clan conflicts. The study recommends enhancement of inclusive peace committee and collaboration of community with administration and security agencies to tie together peace. There is also a need for openness of politicians to advocate for impartiality, clan conflicts resolution and countering violent extremism through policy framework in the county assembly.

Group Bonding and Effectiveness: Cohesion’s Moderating Role and Leaders’ Relationship Mediating Role

2020 ◽  
pp. 104649642097791
Author(s):  
Motti Klang ◽  
Gil Luria
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Group Effectiveness ◽  
Mediated Moderation ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural Groups ◽  
Moderating Role

The role of group bonding (friendship ties among group members) and the relationships between group members and the formal leader in the prediction of effectiveness was studied. A theoretical mediated-moderation process model was tested. The model was examined through a longitudinal research with 91 natural groups, that included social network analysis to capture the relationship between group members and a leadership differentiation measure to revel their relationship with the leader. As hypothesized, group bonding predicted group effectiveness, group cohesion mediated only one dimension of group effectiveness, and leadership differentiation moderated this process.

scholarly journals Peran Kelompok Nelayan dalam Kegiatan Pariwisata terhadap Peluang Usaha dan Kerja

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadil Arfianto ◽  
Amiruddin Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Real Relationship ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Relationship Norms ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of fishermen in the tourism activities of the business and employment opportunities. This study also examines the relationship between the characteristics of the group members and group elements with the role of fishermen, where the research was conducted on a group cruise boat belonging to the Organization of Boat Cruise Pangandaran (OBCP) Pangandaran Village. On testing the characteristics of group members to the role of fishermen, there was a real relationship. In the test group elements with the role of fishermen, there was a real relationship unless the relationship norms/rules of the group with the group supporting service units were not real relationships. Finally, in testing the role of fishermen and businesses and employment opportunities, there was a real relationship, this was evidenced by the presence of several members of the group who has other business other than as a fisherman or a boat cruise as homestays, restaurants and stalls.</p><p>Keywords: tourism, fishing groups, businesses or work</p>

scholarly journals Pathogen Threat and In-Group Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Imada ◽  
Nobuhiro Mifune
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Disease-causing parasites and pathogens play a pivotal role in intergroup behavior. Previous studies have suggested that the selection pressure posed by pathogen threat has resulted in in-group assortative sociality, including xenophobia and in-group favoritism. While the current literature has collated numerous studies on the former, strikingly, there has not been much research on the relationship between pathogen threat and in-group cooperation. Drawing upon prior studies on the function of the behavioral immune system (BIS), we argued that the BIS might facilitate cooperation with in-group members as a reactive behavioral immune response to pathogen threat. More specifically, we held that individuals might utilize cooperative behavior to ensure that they can receive social support when they have contracted an infectious disease. We reviewed existing findings pertaining to the potential role of the BIS in in-group cooperation and discussed directions for future studies.

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