scholarly journals An Operational Integration of Lifespan Development Theories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sisu Rauvola ◽  
Cort Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Span Development ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Operational Integration ◽  
Gains And Losses

Lifespan theories seek to explain the ways that individuals manage their development, staying healthy and content amidst age-related gains and losses. However, the lifespan literature is fragmented, with constructs studied separately rather than in concert. This study addresses these issues, generating evidence regarding the integrative factor structure and well-being implications of developmental self-regulation constructs. An age-diverse adult sample (n = 506) completed scales measuring constructs derived from four primary lifespan theories (dual-process model of assimilative and accommodative coping, motivational theory of life-span development, model of selection, optimization, and compensation, socioemotional selectivity theory), in addition to well-being and social desirability measures, at two time points. Pre-registered hypotheses were largely supported, with a bifactor structure observed, and significant, positive relationships found between the general developmental self-regulation factor (“D”) and well-being. Lending further support, the same bifactor structure was replicated in a separate, hold out cross-sectional sample of age-diverse adults (n = 585).

scholarly journals The mediating role of narcissism in the effects of regulatory mode on positivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Di Santo ◽  
Calogero Lo Destro ◽  
Conrad Baldner ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Cristina Cabras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulatory Mode ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reported Data

AbstractPositivity (i.e., the individual tendency to positively approach life experiences) has proven to be an effective construct applied in positive psychology. However, individuals’ self-regulation may have contrasting effects on positivity. We specifically examined whether positivity could be partially explained through two aspects of motivation concerned with self-regulation: locomotion (i.e., a motivational orientation concerned with movement) and assessment (i.e., a motivational orientation concerned with comparison and evaluation). Furthermore, based on previous literature that found a link between these aspects and narcissism, we examined whether “adaptive” and “maladaptive” dimensions of narcissism could mediate the effects of locomotion and assessment on increased or decreased positivity. Narcissism was defined by previous research as adaptive or maladaptive insofar as it leads or does not lead to increased psychological well-being. We estimated a mediation model with multiple independent variables and multiple mediators in a cross-sectional study with self-reported data from 190 university students. We found that both locomotion and assessment were associated with adaptive narcissism, which in turn was positively associated with positivity. However, assessment was also associated with maladaptive narcissism, which in turn was negatively associated with positivity. Relationships between aspects of self-regulation, narcissism, and positivity can have significant implications which will be discussed.

Subjective perceptions of age-related gains buffer negative associations of perceived age-related losses with health, well-being, and engagement

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542110390
Author(s):  
Tim D. Windsor ◽  
Mandy J. Abbott ◽  
Monica Cations ◽  
Alexis J. Howard ◽  
Bethany Wilton-Harding
Keyword(s):  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gains And Losses

People reflect on their own aging, and this subjective awareness has an influence on developmental outcomes. Scholars have recently operationalized subjective aging in terms of awareness of age-related change (AARC), which captures awareness of both gains and losses. We examined associations of AARC-gains and AARC-losses with physical functioning, subjective well-being, and engagement with life (enjoyable activities and sense of purpose). Importantly, we extended previous research by not only assessing main effects of gains and losses but also testing their interaction. We hypothesized that awareness of losses would be more weakly negatively associated with health and well-being among those who possessed higher awareness of gains. A total of 399 older participants aged 65 to 91 (235 women and 164 men) were recruited via Prime Panels crowd-sourcing platform to complete an online questionnaire. Greater AARC-losses was associated with poorer health, lower subjective well-being, and lower sense of purpose. AARC-gains was associated with better outcomes in general, and moderated associations of AARC-losses with physical functioning, subjective well-being, and sense of purpose (but not engagement in leisure activities). Consistent with predictions, moderation effects showed that negative associations of AARC-losses with the outcomes were weaker among those who reported higher AARC-gains. Results provided some support for a role of AARC-gains in buffering negative effects of AARC-losses on developmental outcomes.

3. The psychology of ageing

2016 ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Pachana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
Study Designs

Psychological theories of ageing encompass mental health and emotional well-being as well as changes in these states, at individual as well as interpersonal levels, associated with increasing age. ‘The psychology of ageing’ reviews different ways of studying changes in functioning: cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential study designs; the varying psychological theories of ageing, including the disengagement theory, activity theory, continuity theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, convoy theory, and social identity theory; and the cognitive aspects of ageing, including changes in thinking and behaviour as a result of both primary and secondary ageing. It also considers how personality and emotions are expressed in later life and the treatment of mental disorders.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Stress and the Perceived Style of Decision-Making in Clinicians and Patients With Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233339281985539
Author(s):  
Elaina Vivian ◽  
Hellen Oduor ◽  
Laurie Lundberg ◽  
Allison Vo ◽  
Parvez S Mantry
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Great Good ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Background and Aims: Perceived stress and mindfulness can impact medical decision-making in both patients and clinicians. The aim of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional evaluation of the relationships between stress, mindfulness, self-regulation, perceptions of treatment conversations, and decision-making preferences among clinicians. Also, perceptions of treatment conversations and decision-making preferences among patients with cancer were evaluated. Methodology: Survey instruments were developed for clinicians and patients incorporating previously published questions and validated instruments. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Patients, physicians, and advanced practice providers from a tertiary referral center were asked to complete surveys. Continuous variables were evaluated for normality and then bivariate relationships between variables were evaluated using χ2, Fisher's exact test, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) row mean scores differ statistic, or Kruskal-Wallis tests, where appropriate. Significance was defined at P < .05. All tests were conducted using SAS v.9.4. Results: 77 patients and 86 clinicians (60.1% and 43% response rates, respectively) participated in the surveys. More clinicians who reported feeling “great/good” said they always/sometimes had enough time to spend with patients (66.1%) compared to those that hardly ever/never had enough time (26.3%), χ2(1, N = 75) = 6.62, P = .0101; CMH row mean scores differ statistic). Interestingly, 40.3% of patients preferred a paternalistic style of decision-making compared to 6.3% of clinicians, χ2(2, N = 146) = 27.46, P < .0001; χ2 test. Higher levels of dispositional mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale) were found among clinicians who reported they felt “great/good” (median = 4.5) as compared to those who reported that they were “definitely stressed/stressed out” (3.3), χ2(2, N = 80) = 10.32, P = .0057; Kruskal-Wallis test. Higher levels of emotional self-regulation (Emotional Regulation Questionnaire—Cognitive Reappraisal facet) were found among clinicians who reported they felt “great/good” (median = 31.0) compared to those who reported that they were “definitely stressed/stressed out” (20.0), χ2(2, N = 79) = 8.88, P = .0118; Kruskal-Wallis test. Conclusion: In order to have meaningful conversations about treatment planning, an understanding of mental well-being and its relationship to decision-making preferences is crucial for both oncology patients and clinicians. Our results show that for clinicians, lower perceived stress was associated with higher levels of mindfulness (experiencing the present moment), emotional self-regulation, and spending more time with patients. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Young adults' personal concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland: an issue for social concern

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1219
Author(s):  
Mette Ranta ◽  
Gintautas Silinskas ◽  
Terhi-Anna Wilska
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Difficult Situations

PurposeThis study focuses on how young adults face the COVID-19 pandemic by investigating their personal concerns about mental well-being, career/studies and economic situation. The authors investigated how young adults' (aged 18–29) personal concerns differ from older people's concerns (aged 30–65) and which person- and context-related antecedents relate to personal concerns.Design/methodology/approachData of Finnish young adults aged 18–29 (n = 222), who participated in the “Corona Consumers” survey (N = 1,000) in April 2020, were analyzed by path analysis and compared to participants aged 30–65 by independent samples t-test.FindingsYoung adults were significantly more concerned about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental well-being, career/studies and economic situation than older people. Females were more concerned about their mental well-being than males. Among youth, lower life satisfaction was related to concerns about mental well-being, and lower satisfaction with financial situation was related to concerns about career/studies and economic situation. Young adults' predisposition to avoid difficult situations was related to more frequent concerns in all domains, whereas generalized trust and education were not.Research limitations/implicationsDue to cross-sectional data, causal COVID-19 interpretations should be made cautiously.Practical implicationsStrong youth policies are needed for youth empowerment, mental health and career advancement in the pandemic aftermath.Originality/valueThe study highlights the inequality of the effects of COVID-19: The pandemic has radically influenced young adults as they exhibit significant personal concerns in age-related life domains.

Managing expectations: How stress, social support, and aging attitudes affect awareness of age-related changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 986-1007
Author(s):  
Erica L. O’Brien ◽  
Neika Sharifian
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Attitudes ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Age Related Changes

The degree to which social support (SS) moderates the effects of stress on self-perceptions of aging may depend on individual differences in general aging attitudes. We examined how stress, different types of SS, and general expectations regarding aging (ERA) affect awareness of age-related changes (AARCs). The sample included 137 adults (21–76 years; 56.2% women) who took an online survey on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Regression analyses showed differential moderation of stress effects due to ERA and the SS measure (perceived and received) and function (emotional and instrumental). Received emotional SS was only associated with AARC losses, whereas perceived support—both emotional and instrumental—was associated with AARC gains and losses. Findings may help guide future work aimed at promoting health and well-being in adulthood.

Length of Caregiving and Well-Being among Older Widowers: Implications for the Dual Process Model of Bereavement

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Significant Patterns ◽  
Family Contact

The intent of this study was to examine if length of caregiving was associated with older widowers' adjustment to bereavement and to identify factors, based on principles underlying the Dual Process Model of Bereavement, that might mitigate the potential adverse effects of time spent caring. Two-hundred men over the age of 60 and in the second year of bereavement were identified from death records of older women who had died within a 12-month period. Interviews lasted about 2 hours and focused on widowers' experiences surrounding their wives' deaths along with questions about social support, health, retirement, and other demographic information. The Bradburn Affect Scale was used to measure positive and negative affect. Restoration-oriented coping, such as starting new relationships and activities were measured. These variables included extent of family contact, number of friends, having a confidante, involvement with neighbors, and participation in sports and clubs. Time since death and demographic variables were used as controls. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted on positive and negative affect after which potentially moderating effects were analyzed. Results indicated that the most important influences on negative affect were time since death, ethnicity, and participation in clubs while for positive affect the most significant factors included length of caregiving, number of friends, and having a confidante. Although no interaction effects were significant, patterns emerged. Implications for applying the DPM with older bereaved men are made.

Productivity among older people in The Netherlands: variations by gender and the socio-spatial context in 2002–03

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIEKE VAN DER MEER
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Older People ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Urban Rural

Productivity among older adults manifests in engagement in paid work, voluntary work, giving support to others, home maintenance and housekeeping. This paper reports an investigation into the extent to which levels of participation in the different productive activity types in The Netherlands are associated with age, gender and the settings in which older people live. The regional and urban–rural dimensions of variation are examined. The data were derived from the European Study of Adult Well-Being survey (ESAW). The results show that the oldest women tended to restrict their productivity to the private domain of housekeeping, while the oldest men were more often productive in the community, and that regional variations were stronger for women than for men. Traditional gender roles particularly affected the way in which older women living in a peripheral region participated in productive activities. In contrast, the urban–rural dimension was more important for men than for women, partly because a group of older men in the cities were not involved in paid work. Overall, strong gender influences on the variations in productive engagement were found. Processes of age-related contraction and convergence in patterns of participation in productive activities were imputed from the cross-sectional data. A full understanding of the ageing and cohort effects underlying the reported patterns would require much more detailed information on the spatial and temporal dimensions of older people's activity patterns.

scholarly journals Validation of the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire in a group of Black teachers: The SABPA study

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariette Vosloo ◽  
Johan Potgieter ◽  
Michael Temane ◽  
Suria Ellis ◽  
Tumi Khumalo
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Black Teachers ◽  
South African Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychometric Instrument ◽  
African Context ◽  
Total Scale Score

Orientation: Recent literature has emphasised the important role that self-regulation plays in the mental health of individuals. The lack of a validated psychometric instrument to accurately measure self-regulation amongst Black South Africans however limits its potential impact within the challenging South African context.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) when used in a South African context, specifically focusing on Black South Africans.Motivation for the study: By commenting on the ability of the SSRQ to accurately capture the construct of self-regulation amongst Black educators, the current article serves to address and alleviate the lacunae in our understanding of self-regulation as a potentially protective factor.Research design, approach and method: The study was of a quantitative nature, and made use of a cross-sectional design and purposively selected study sample. Participants were urbanised Black teachers (N = 200) who completed the SSRQ and other measures of self-regulation and psychological well-being.Main findings: The reliability of the SSRQ total scale score proved satisfactory. Factor analysis produced five robust sub-constructs that were theoretically interpretable. Significant correlations between the SSRQ and other measures of self-regulation and psychological well-being also indicated good criterion-related validity.Practical/managerial implications: The availability of a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of self-regulation in the South African context will enable both researchers and practitioners to better understand and utilise self-regulation in the enhancement of individual well-being.Contribution/value-add: The SSRQ’s ability to accurately measure self-regulation will contribute to our understanding of its role as preventive strength in the South African context. Refinement of item content will serve to further strengthen the SSRQ’s factor structure, and improve its validity for use within the Black South African population.

Coping with Bereavement among Elderly Widowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Richardson ◽  
Shantha Balaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

A Dual Process Model of Bereavement, which considers the impact of loss- and restoration-oriented variables on widowers' levels of well-being, is tested on 200 widowed men during the second year of bereavement. Those who were widowed less than 500 days exhibited significantly more negative affect, less positive affect, and lower well-being that those widowed more than 500 days. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both loss and restoration variables were important throughout bereavement. Loss variables influenced negative affect and were especially critical during the early stages. Restoration variables significantly affected positive affect and had greater impact on the later bereaved. The results support a dual process model of bereavement, but also suggest that certain events, such as circumstances of death, are more important during early bereavement while reinvestment activities, such as dating, become relevant later. Some circumstances, such as a wife's suffering, have prolonged effects.

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