scholarly journals Preventing sexual violence in sport: the determinants of positive coach-bystanding behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Verhelle ◽  
Tine Vertommen ◽  
Gjalt - Jorn Ygram Peters
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Bystander Behavior ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bystanding Behavior ◽  
Sport Coaches ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Coaches are instrumental in creating safe sport environments, especially in preventing sexual violence, but little is known about helpful bystander behaviors, hampering effective prevention programs. To identify determining characteristics of positive bystander behavior, 1442 Belgian youth-sport coaches completed a dedicated online questionnaire on bystander-related attitudes, descriptive and injunctive norms, autonomy beliefs, and self-efficacy using two hypothetical sport-associated sexual-violence scenarios. Potential for change was analyzed using confidence interval-based estimation of relevance (CIBER). 127 coaches (9.6%) had witnessed sexual violence over the past year. Most had intervened (single incident: 3.7%; multiple incidents: 2.4%). Experiential attitude expectation, instrumental attitude evaluation, perceived referent behavior and approval, and subskill presence were positively associated with coaches’ intentions to intervene. Of the determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior, attitude and perceived norms proved key constituents for programs addressing sexual violence in youth sport. To promote (pro-)active coach-bystander behaviors, the results are discussed from a theoretical and practice-oriented perspective.

Preventing sexual violence in sport. The determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Verhelle ◽  
Tine Vertommen ◽  
Gjalt - Jorn Ygram Peters
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Bystander Behavior ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sport Coaches ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Coaches are instrumental in creating safe sport environments, especially in preventing sexual violence, but little is known about helpful bystander behaviors, hampering effective prevention programs. To identify determining characteristics of positive bystander behavior, 1442 Belgian youth-sport coaches completed a dedicated online questionnaire on bystander-related attitudes, descriptive and injunctive norms, autonomy beliefs, and self-efficacy using two hypothetical sport-associated sexual-violence scenarios. Potential for change was analyzed using confidence interval-based estimation of relevance (CIBER). 127 coaches (9.6%) had witnessed sexual violence over the past year. Most had intervened (single incident: 3.7%; multiple incidents: 2.4%). Experiential attitude expectation, instrumental attitude evaluation, perceived referent behavior and approval, and subskill presence were positively associated with coaches’ intentions to intervene. Of the determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior, attitude and perceived norms proved key constituents for programs addressing sexual violence in youth sport. To promote (pro-)active coach-bystander behaviors, the results are discussed from a theoretical and practice-oriented perspective.

Beyond the Situational Model: Bystander Action Consequences to Intervening in Situations Involving Sexual Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 3211-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Moschella ◽  
Sidney Bennett ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Bystander Behavior ◽  
The Past ◽  
Situational Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Perceived Outcomes

Sexual violence is a widely reported problem in college communities. To date, research has largely focused on bystander intervention as one way to help prevent this problem. Although perceived consequences of bystander intervention, such as the weighting of costs and benefits, have been examined, little research has explored what happens after a bystander intervenes. The current study investigated what bystanders report as perceived outcomes and actual consequences of their bystander actions in response to risk for sexual assault. Of the 545 surveyed, 150 reported having taking bystander action in the past month and qualitatively described their bystander behavior and the responses of those parties involved. A range of behavioral responses and intervention methods were identified. The most frequent responses reported by participants were victims conveying positive and perpetrators conveying negative responses. Different types of helping were associated with bystanders reporting different types of responses to their actions. Future research should incorporate additional measures of consequences of bystander intervention. Implications for policy and bystander intervention programs are discussed, stressing the need for bystander intervention programs to address a range of bystander behaviors and explain the potential consequences and risks of intervening.

The Prospective Influence of Perceived Social Norms on Bystander Actions Against Sexual Violence and Relationship Abuse: A Multiple Mediation Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093303
Author(s):  
Mazheruddin M. Mulla ◽  
Michelle Haikalis ◽  
Lindsay M. Orchowski ◽  
Alan D. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Relationship Abuse ◽  
Risk Recognition ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

The present study assessed support for an innovative model of the direct and indirect paths through which perceived peer norms regarding the prevalence and acceptability of sexual violence (SV) and relationship abuse (RA) may influence the decisional process leading to bystander intervention. Analyses included baseline and 6-month follow-up data collected from a large sample of high school students ( N = 2,303) across 27 schools in the Northeastern United States. Path analyses were conducted to test a multiple mediation model of the direct and indirect associations among the sequential predictors of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms, personal attitudes, abuse perceptions, risk recognition, and dependent measures of bystander behaviors at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Higher perceptions of the prevalence (descriptive norms) and acceptability (injunctive norms) of SV and RA among peers were associated with more accepting personal attitudes toward SV and RA, which were associated with lower abuse perceptions and risk recognition. Furthermore, lower abuse perceptions and risk recognition were associated with decreases in bystander behaviors at both time points. Mediational analyses revealed several significant indirect paths through which higher perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms contributed to decreases in bystander behavior. Findings provide novel evidence of the prospective influence of perceived norms on bystander intervention behavior in situations of SV and RA.

scholarly journals The effect of COVID-19 quarantine on physical and social parameters of physical education providers and youth sport coaches

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-769
Author(s):  
Sanaz Faraji ◽  
Mahboubeh Ghayour Najafabadi ◽  
Mitch Rostad ◽  
Albert Thomas Anastasio
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Social Disconnection ◽  
Sport Coaches

The potential ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic global shut down on physical education providers and youth sport coaches may be particularly severe due to substantial cutbacks on many of their normal activities. This population faces unique challenges in engaging in “virtual learning” given the physical nature of their job, potentially leading to sedentary lifestyle, weight gain, and the development of depressive mood disorders. This commentary aims to explore options to mitigate worsening of stress, depression, physical inactivity, and social disconnection in youth sport coaches following the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and to call attention to this vulnerable demographic which has been substantially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Parent Coaches’ Experiences and Insights into a Youth Soccer Program

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kerins ◽  
Mariela Fernandez ◽  
Kimberly Shinew
Keyword(s):  
Youth Sport ◽  
Agency Staff ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sport Programs ◽  
Volunteer Coaches ◽  
Sport Coaches ◽  
Purposive Sample

Municipal governments continue to struggle with decreased funding. In order to offset depleting funds, agencies rely on volunteers to provide resources to the public. In youth sport programs, parents provide much of the support, and it is estimated that 90% of youth sport coaches are parents. Given that parents have been instrumental in youth sport programs, the purpose of this study was to understand parents’ experiences and insights associated with volunteering by using a youth soccer program located in a mid-sized town in Illinois as a case-study. Specifically, the study examined (a) parents’ motivations in volunteering, (b) challenges parent coaches faced while volunteering, and (c) parent coaches’ recommendations to agency personnel. Using a purposive sample, 11 parents were interviewed. Findings indicated that parents were motivated to volunteer in order to help their child, and several expressed a more in-depth philosophy about giving back to the community. The primary motivation and benefit for volunteer coaches was their relationships with the children. Relationships with other adults in the program were also significant, but they tended to be secondary. Challenges in volunteering included working with the children, parents, and agency staff. Agency recommendations included providing incentives to coaches, conducting player assessments, ensuring that recruited volunteers share the agency’s philosophy, and addressing volunteer concerns.

How Youth-Sport Coaches Learn to Coach

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lemyre ◽  
Pierre Trudel ◽  
Natalie Durand-Bush
Keyword(s):  
Youth Sport ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Assistant Coaches ◽  
The Many ◽  
Prior Experiences ◽  
Sport Coaches ◽  
Developmental Performance

Researchers have investigated how elite or expert coaches learn to coach, but very few have investigated this process with coaches at the recreational or developmental-performance levels. Thirty-six youth-sport coaches (ice hockey, soccer, and baseball) were each interviewed twice to document their learning situations. Results indicate that (a) formal programs are only one of the many opportunities to learn how to coach; (b) coaches’ prior experiences as players, assistant coaches, or instructors provide them with some sport-specific knowledge and allow them to initiate socialization within the subculture of their respective sports; (c) coaches rarely interact with rival coaches; and (d) there are differences in coaches’ learning situations between sports. Reflections on who could help coaches get the most out of their learning situations are provided.

The impact of interpersonal violence in youth sport on adult psychopathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S748-S748
Author(s):  
T. Vertommen ◽  
J. Kampen ◽  
N. Schipper-van Veldhoven ◽  
K. Uzieblo ◽  
F. Van Den Eede
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionA recent cohort study in the Netherlands and Belgium showed that 38% of children experienced psychological violence, 11% physical violence, and 14% sexual violence in sport (Vertommen et al., 2016). This study aims to explore the long-term consequences on anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in adults who experienced psychological, physical or sexual violence in the specific context of organized youth sport.MethodsA web survey in a representative sample of adults, prescreened on having participated in organized sport before the age of 18 (n = 4043) was conducted. In this sample, depression, anxiety and somatic problems were assessed using the brief symptom inventory. A generalized linear model was used to quantify the impact of experiencing severe interpersonal violence in sport on psychopathology.ResultsAll three types of severe interpersonal violence (psychological, physical and sexual) were significantly associated with the total score and the subscales of the brief symptom inventory. The effect remains significant after controlling for socio-demographics, as well as disability, sexual orientation, adverse childhood experiences outside sport, recent trauma and family history of psychological problems.ConclusionsExperiencing interpersonal violence against in youth sport is associated with mental health problems in adulthood. This is an important finding to consider in child protection policy in sport.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals PRESENT AND FUTURE OF COACH DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-230
Author(s):  
Michel Milistetd
Keyword(s):  
Development Research ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coach Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sport Coaches

The field of sport coach development has changed considerably in the last decades and everything indicates that, in an increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world (VUCA world), many other changes will take place. It seems increasingly likely that ways will have to be found to harmonize on-the-job learning with the formal coach education programs from which qualifications are derived. In an attempt to analyze the present and to address some directions for the future of sport coach development research and practice, this insight paper presents the summary of a series of conversations with one of the researchers who has greatly influenced the development of sport coaches over the past 30 years, Professor Pierre Trudel.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Conflicts and Criminal Activities in Warri and Environs, Delta State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngozi Sandra Ikenyei
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Shifting Boundaries

The onset of oil exploration in Warri and its environs accentuated the proliferation of ethnic conflict, militant and activist youth. Conflicts in Warri over the past years, are products of shifting boundaries and agitations for benefits accruing to oil bearing communities. These crises were occasioned by perception of neglect, deprivation, abuse and abandonment. Whenever there is crisis, heinous crimes against humanity were committed against inhabitants. Between 2005–2013, over 35 oil related conflicts have been recorded in Warri. This construal resource (oil) related conflicts are often accompanied with the perpetration of crimes that stamped political and economic activities. This impact on rural livelihoods and it reflects on how oil operations are prioritized over community interest. This leaves bitterness, resentments and grievances amongst the suffering citizens. While many researches focus on environmental impact of oil exploration and neglects from oil companies and government, few studies dwelt on the dynamics and modalities of conflicts resolution. The study revealed that killings, rape and sexual violence, kidnapping, stealing, torture/beating, systemic persecution of agitators and burning down of houses were the most prominent crimes committed against citizens whenever there is crisis.

scholarly journals Botanikus kertek kialakulása, tervezése, építése, és használatuk a gyógyításban

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 420-464
Author(s):  
Laura Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Creation

The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the past way of gardens’ development throughout the men’s history. The onset was the creation of the first gardens, later on, their evolution related to their type and purpose, finally there are concerns about the external factors that instigated the flourishing of horticulture. Monastic medicine is one of the key issues thus this study contains a dedicated chapter about this topic since it is really important how the medical use of herbs evolved throughout the past times. There is also presented the botanical garden⁠—one of the main garden types⁠—using the specific example of this country’s greatest Füvészkert (Herbal Garden) in Hungary. Since ever, there was fiercely debated the therapeutic classification of herbal medicines, if their safety and efficacy were proven, and whether there were needed legislation about their administration. A specific chapter is concerning these issues too. There are also presented outcomes of online questionnaire-based research answered by 700 responders.

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