scholarly journals Not All Homes are Safe: Family Violence During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Jeanne Drotning ◽  
Long Doan ◽  
Liana C Sayer ◽  
Jessica N. Fish ◽  
R. Gordon Rinderknecht
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Victim Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bisexual People ◽  
Second Wave

Purpose: Evidence from victim service providers suggests the Covid-19 pandemic led to an increase in family violence. However, empirical evidence has been limited. This study uses novel survey data to investigate the occurrence of family violence during the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States. Methods: Data come from the second wave of the Assessing the Social Consequences of Covid-19 study, an online non-probability sample collected in March and April 2020. Family violence is measured using four variables: any violence, physical violence, verbal abuse, and restricted access. The authors use logistic regression to examine the prevalence of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results: We find that sexual minorities, in particular bisexual people, experienced higher rates of family violence compared to heterosexual respondents. Women were the only group to report an increase in the frequency of family violence. Household income loss is associated with the incidence of verbal violence. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the importance of expanding victim services to address the additional barriers victims face within the pandemic context and beyond, including broad contexts of social isolation and financial precarity experienced by individuals at risk of family violence.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Inequalities: Individual and Area Socioeconomic Factors (Aragón, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6607
Author(s):  
Isabel Aguilar-Palacio ◽  
Lina Maldonado ◽  
Sara Malo ◽  
Raquel Sánchez-Recio ◽  
Iván Marcos-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

It is essential to understand the impact of social inequalities on the risk of COVID-19 infection in order to mitigate the social consequences of the pandemic. With this aim, the objective of our study was to analyze the effect of socioeconomic inequalities, both at the individual and area of residence levels, on the probability of COVID-19 confirmed infection, and its variations across three pandemic waves. We conducted a retrospective cohort study and included data from all individuals tested for COVID-19 during the three waves of the pandemic, from March to December 2020 (357,989 individuals) in Aragón (Spain). We studied the effect of inequalities on the risk of having a COVID-19 confirmed diagnosis after being tested using multilevel analyses with two levels of aggregation: individuals and basic healthcare area of residence (deprivation level and type of zone). Inequalities in the risk of COVID-19 confirmed infection were observed at both the individual and area level. There was a predominance of low-paid employees living in deprived areas. Workers with low salaries, unemployed and people on minimum integration income or who no longer receive the unemployment allowance, had a higher probability of COVID-19 infection than workers with salaries ≥ €18,000 per year. Inequalities were greater in women and in the second wave. The deprivation level of areas of residence influenced the risk of COVID-19 infection, especially in the second wave. It is necessary to develop individual and area coordinated measures by areas in the control, diagnosis and treatment of the epidemic, in order to avoid an increase in the already existing inequalities.

scholarly journals Economía, clases y gobiernos en América Latina

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Claudio Katz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
National Bourgeoisie

ResumoA validade de conceitos como Pos-liberalismo e "Consenso de mercadorias" é elucidada pela análise das mudanças na região. O capitalismo se espalhou na agricultura e mineração sublinhando a primazia das exportações básicas.A indústria tradicional retrocede frente fábricas exploradoras e aumenta a gravitação das remessas e do turismo.Estas tendências não foram alteradas pela crise global. A burguesia nacional foi substituída por mais capitalistas locais associados à empresas estrangeiras, enquanto o êxodo camponês consolidou a insegurança no trabalho, a pobreza e a desigualdade. Os Estados Unidos implementou tropas para reorganizar o seu domínio. Seus rivais europeus perdem terreno na área econômica e a China desafia nos negócios, mas não em uma preeminência político-militar. Com os projetos Tratado do Pacífico ressurgindo, governos de direita de livre comércio reaparecem. O NAFTA ilustra as consequências sociais de tais acordos, e da burguesia mexicana internacionaliza seus negócios. O Brasil lidera outro bloco com objetivos capitalistas mais autônomas de regionalismo. Ele age como um poder semi-periférico com atitudes ambivalentes em relação aos Estados Unidos. Estas vacilações têm levado à estagnação do MERCOSUL, apesar da nova intervenção geopolítica, como a Unasul e CELAC, patrocinada por presidentes de centro-esquerda. Argentina tem sido relegada e submetida a oscilações imprevisíveis.Palavras-ChaveAmérica Latina, crise, o neoliberalismo, reestruturação---ResumenLa validez de los conceptos Pos-liberalismo y “Consenso de commodities” se dilucida analizando las transformaciones de la región. El capitalismo se ha extendido en el agro y la minería acentuando la preeminencia de las exportaciones básicas. La industria tradicional retrocede frente a las maquilas y aumenta la gravitación de las remesas y el turismo. Estas tendencias no han sido modificadas por la crisis global. La burguesía nacional fue reemplazada por capitalistas locales más asociados con empresas extranjeras, mientras que el éxodo campesino consolida la precarización laboral, la pobreza y la desigualdad. Estados Unidos despliega tropas para reorganizar su dominación. Sus rivales europeos pierden terreno en la economía y China disputa negocios pero no preeminencia político-militar. Con el Tratado del Pacífico resurgen los proyectos de libre-comercio de los gobiernos derechistas. El NAFTA ilustra las consecuencias sociales de estos convenios, que la burguesía mexicana utiliza para internacionalizar sus negocios. Brasil encabeza otro bloque con metas más autónomas de regionalismo capitalista. Actúa como sub-potencia semiperiférica con posturas ambivalentes frente a Estados Unidos. Estas vacilaciones han conducido al estancamiento del MERCOSUR, a pesar de la nueva intervención geopolítica de UNASUR y CELAC, auspiciada por los presidentes de centroizquierda. Argentina ha quedado relegada y sujeta a imprevisibles vaivenes.Palabras clavesAmérica Latina, crisis, neoliberalismo, reestructuración.---AbstractThe validity of concepts such as Pos-liberalism and "Consensus of commodities" is elucidated by analyzing the changes in the region. Capitalism has spread in agriculture and mining industries emphasizing the primacy of the basic exports. The traditional industry fell off the maquilas and gravitated towards remittances and tourism. These trends have not been changed by the global crisis. The national bourgeoisie was replaced by more local capitalists associated with foreign companies, while the peasant exodus consolidated job insecurity, poverty and inequality. United States deployed troops to reorganize its domination. Their european rivals have been losing ground in the economic area and China challenges in business but not in a political-military preeminence. With the Treaty Pacific projects resurfacing, free-trade right-wing governments reappear. The NAFTA illustrates the social consequences of these agreements, and the mexican bourgeoisie internationalize their business. Brazil leads another block with more autonomous capitalist goals of regionalism. It acts as a semi-peripheral power with ambivalent attitudes toward the United States. These vacillations have led to the stagnation of MERCOSUL, despite the new geopolitical intervention, such as UNASUR and CELAC, sponsored by the center-left presidents. Argentina has been relegated and subjected to unpredictable swings.Key-WordsLatin America, crisis, neoliberalism, restructuring 

scholarly journals Family Policy in the United States: State-Level Variation in Policy and Poverty Outcomes from 1980 to 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 459-483
Author(s):  
Zachary Parolin ◽  
Rosa Daiger von Gleichen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Medical Spending ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis chapter investigates the diversity and divergence of three sets of family policy indicators across the 50 United States: money, services, and time. Our findings show that the 50 United States vary considerably in their family policy packages. States have become more dissimilar over time with respect to social assistance transfers and statutory minimum wages, but have become more similar in their subsidization of low-pay employment. Moreover, states vary greatly in their levels of support for early childhood education and healthcare. State-level variation in out-of-pocket medical spending has more than doubled from 1980 to 2015, in large part due to some states deciding to expand Medicaid access from 2009 onward. Despite large diversity and some divergence in states’ family policy packages, post-tax/transfer poverty rates have remained relatively stable over time. This is partially due to an increase in federally funded transfer programs mitigating the social consequences of state-level diversity.

The Social Consequences of Disasters: Individual and Community Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 671-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Arcaya ◽  
Ethan J. Raker ◽  
Mary C. Waters
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Sociological Studies

We review findings from the last decade of research on the effects of disasters, concentrating on three important themes: the differences between the recovery of places versus people, the need to differentiate between short- and long-term recovery trajectories, and the changing role of government and how it has exacerbated inequality in recovery and engendered feedback loops that create greater vulnerability. We reflect the focus of the majority of sociological studies on disasters by concentrating our review on studies in the United States, but we also include studies on disasters throughout the world if they contribute to our empirical and theoretical understanding of disasters and their impacts. We end with a discussion of the inevitability of more severe disasters as climate change progresses and call on social scientists to develop new concepts and to use new methods to study these developments.

Marijuana, Morality, and the Law

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Hills
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Control ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Penal Sanctions

The increasing use of marijuana in the United States despite the harsh penalties for violation of anti-marijuana laws suggests the need for a reassessment of our present policies. Are the effects of the use of the marijuana drug sufficiently injurious to either the individual or society to warrant such severe legal intervention by the government? What are the social consequences of pursuing a prohibitionist policy backed up by the threat of severe penal sanctions? Just what are the limits of curbing deviant behavior through punitive legal control in a free and heterogeneous soci ety with diverse moral codes and life styles? These questions— along with a review of the development of the major anti-mari juana legislation, the changing composition of marijuana users, and some of the known effects of the drug—are explored in order to stimulate the kind of research and inquiry that will lead to a more realistic and informed basis for formulating and evaluating public policy on drug use.

scholarly journals Employment transformation in digital capitalism: myths and realities of the social consequences of the global economy digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Anatoliy G. Arseienko
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Digital Capitalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the study of the social consequences of the employment transformation in the world of capital in the context of the modern expansion of global capitalism and the digitalization of the global economy. Particular attention is paid to proving the inconsistency of the current mythologization of the digital economy in order to cover up the anti-labor orientation of various forms of non-standard, informal employment, which has become widespread in all three worlds of the modern world-system within the framework of digital capitalism. At the center of the analysis of the digital economy impact on the workers socio-economic situation is the digitalization of the world of work and social and labor relations in the United States, that serve as a role model throughout the world, especially in the economically developed countries of the global North. The digitalization of labor in the Golden Billion countries, as well as in the Third World countries with a transition economy instead of the promised reduction of the contradictions between labor and capital led them to an even greater exacerbation and gave rise to a new type of social inequality digital inequality both inside all countries and between them. The author concludes that there has been a significant increase in the labor exploitation intensification as a result of the digital revolution and the need to search for and introduce new forms of world order under the slogan of the alterglobalists social movement People are higher than profits.

scholarly journals IMMIGRATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Bobo ◽  
Michael C. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Civic Belonging ◽  
Recent Immigration

There is a deep irony about the current political moment. Though having an immigrant background is arguably a core feature of how most Americans understand themselves, the topic of immigration has in recent years risen to a fever pitch of political controversy and polarized views. Of course, the immigrant streams to the United States today differ substantially from those that characterized the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Instead of bringing in millions of South, Central, and Eastern Europeans looking for better opportunities than were available in their homelands, the current immigrant wave has drawn most heavily from those with Latin American and Asian origins. Concomitant to these changes in economic, cultural, and political context as well as in who constitute the new immigrants, are a series of deep questions about civic belonging, the social consequences of immigration, and what appropriate policy responses to recent immigration should be.

Beyond the Walls: The Importance of Community Contexts in Immigration Detention

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1250-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ryo ◽  
Ian Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
Community Contexts

Immigration detention facilities are commonly assumed to be insulated microcosms that maintain their existence separate and apart from the surrounding communities. Yet detention facilities are not hermetically sealed institutions. Drawing on unique and comprehensive data pertaining to all individuals held in immigration detention in the United States in fiscal year 2015, this study explores for the first time the importance of community contexts in immigration detention. Our multivariable analyses show a significant relationship between the characteristics of communities in which the facilities are located and detention length for individuals who were released pending the completion of their removal proceedings. Specifically, we find that the presence of legal service providers and social support networks in the communities is associated with shorter detention length, controlling for a variety of individual characteristics and contextual factors. These findings highlight the need for research on the social ecology of immigration detention—research that moves beyond the walls of detention facilities to consider the broader legal, social, and political contexts of surrounding communities in investigating the nature and consequences of immigration detention.

scholarly journals Issues concerning relations between business and society in teaching Business History in the United States and Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Mariusz Jastrząb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Role Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Business History ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social

Based on empirical material in the form of case studies prepared at Harvard Business School and Kozminski University, the article analyses the content of teaching materials in the field of business history. The Harvard case studies served as a model for the Polish ones. In contrast to the United States, at Kozminski University and in other Polish business schools, business history is not taught as a separate subject. The article puts forward the thesis that history education could provide an opportunity for future managers to broaden their knowledge of the social environment in which they will operate and to shape attitudes of responsibility for the social consequences of decisions made. However, this opportunity remains largely untapped in both the United States and Poland. American teaching materials are still influenced by the Chandlerian paradigm, and therefore they focus on the evolution of structures and changes in the strategy of large multinational corporations. These materials present students with role models of successful entrepreneurs and companies. Their social environment is presented in a sketchy manner, and questions about the motivations of human actions or hierarchies of values are rarely asked. The teaching materials also shy away from questions about the social consequences of managerial decisions. This is so, despite the fact that scientific publications are moving away from concentrating solely on the centre of global capitalism, the history of the largest corporations, and the treatment of the social environment as a variable on which the entrepreneur or company have no influence. Business history as a scientific discipline in Poland is still at an early stage of development. However, one can notice a gap between research and teaching similar to the one that exists in the USA: there are works critically analysing the period of transformation and showing the peripheral character of Polish capitalism as well as the social consequences of this peripheral nature that are completely ignored in teaching.

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