scholarly journals Prevalence of Adenomyosis in Hysterectomy Specimens Performed at a Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Kricha Pande ◽  
S Koirala ◽  
A Giri
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Serous Cyst Adenoma

Adenomyosis is a common condition, detected in 15-30% of hysterectomy specimens. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. The data regarding incidence or incidental finding of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimen is lacking despite this condition being common and bearing serious implications in symptomatology as well as in infertility. Adenomyosis can be incidental finding in hysterectomy done for other gynecologic pathology as well. Hence, this present study has established the prevalence of adenomyosis as well as it’s association with other uterine pathology in routine hysterectomy specimens. This was a cross sectional study conducted at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Kathmandu for a duration of one year (March 2019 to February 2020). Total of 154 hysterectomies were included in the study, out of which 37 cases showed adenomyosis. The prevalence of adenomyosis was 24%. The age group for adenomyosis ranged from 36 years to 52 years with the mean age of 44 ± 4.4 years. The most common pathology other than adenomyosis was leiomyoma (19 cases) followed by two cases of endometriotic cyst, two cases of endometrial polyp, one case of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), one case of hyperplasia of endometrium with atypia, and one case of serous cyst adenoma of ovary. Thus this study showed that the prevalence of adenomyosis was 24% and was seen higher in the age group of 35-50 years. The most frequent co-pathology in these adenomyosis cases was leiomyoma.

scholarly journals Significance of Reporting Cannon Balls in Diagnosing Bacterial Vaginosis Infection in PAP Smear

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Kricha Pande ◽  
Shraddha Koirala ◽  
Astha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginitis. It is caused by depopulation of lactobacilli from the normal vaginal flora and overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic species. Pap smear being a screening and diagnostic tool for malignancy, is equally important to diagnose infective pathology as well. This study tried to establish the significance of reporting the presence of cannon balls in Pap smears and whether their presence suggested bacterial vaginosis or not. This was a cross sectional study conducted at Nepal Medical College, Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Kathmandu for duration of one year (January 2020 to December 2020). Pap smears were sent from gynaecology department and standard routine Pap stain was done in Pathology Department. Presence of bacterial vaginosis and cannon balls were noted. Total of 799 Pap smears were received. The mean age of bacterial vaginosis was 38.2 ± 9.6 years. The age group of 31-40 years (n=32, 39%) was most commonly affected. Bacterial vaginosis was seen in 81 pap smears out of 799 pap smears. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 10.1%. Of the total of 799 cases of Pap smears, cannon balls were seen in 9.1% cases and among the bacterial vaginosis, cannon balls were seen in 48% cases. There was significant association between cannonballs and bacterial vaginosis (p < 0.0001). Thus, the present study re-enforces the fact that Pap smear is also very effective tool to diagnose bacterial vaginosis.

scholarly journals Measurements of the normal size of spleen and spleen to left kidney ratio among sudanese children up to five years age using ultrasonography

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4349
Author(s):  
Awadia G. Suliman ◽  
Mohammed A. Adam ◽  
Rihab Y. Ahmed ◽  
Raga A. Aburaida ◽  
Ahmed A. Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spleen Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Kidney Length ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Knowledge of the normal range of spleen size in the population being examined is very important because there are many different pathological conditions that may alter in spleen size. Also, gender, height, weight and BMI of individual, affect the splenic length and could result in incorrect interpretation of splenic measurements, spleen to left kidney ratio is one of recent parameter mention in literature aid in diagnosis of splenomegaly in children.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum state at Al-Buluk and Gaafar Ibnauf Paediatric Tertiary Hospital during the period from March 2018 to August 2018. A total of 101 children (males and females) with aged ranged 1 month to 5 years included in study. A transabdominal scan was performed, and measurement of spleen and left kidney taken after an ethical verbal consent from their parents, then data analyzed by SPSS, Mean±SD. Deviation for study variables calculated then correlation between patients factors and ultrasound measurements done.Results: The study found that the mean measurements of the normal size of the spleen and spleen to left kidney ratio for children up to five years of age, Splenic length was 7.24±1.12 cm, width was 3.83±0.81 cm , thickness 2.91±0.55 cm and spleen to left kidney ratio was 1.04±0.0.70 ranged (0.86-1.23). The male have larger spleen than female with no statistically significant differences in spleen sizes between the sexes. There was a strong significant correlation between age, weight, height  spleen and left kidney length (p<0.01)respectively and a moderate association with BMI (p<0.05).Conclusions: Spleen and left kidneys was growing rapidly and similarly in infant up to one year of life 1 mm\1 mm for each month and then decreasing growth rate of kidney in relate to spleen for 1 mm growth of spleen kidney grow 0.8 mm in up to five years of age. There was strong significant positive correlation between spleen and left kidney measurement with age, height, weight of individual. The spleen to left kidney ratio for children up to five years ranged (0.86-1.23) with mean 1.04, so if the ratio less or more than this ranged it should be considered in clinical context for diagnosis of splenomegaly or shrunken spleen in children up to five years of age.

scholarly journals Determining the angle of femoral torsion and association with shaft length and mid circumference

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Subodh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sanjenbam Arun Chandra Singh ◽  
Renu Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Shaft Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femoral Torsion ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Angle of femoral torsion has an anatomical variation based on sex, geography, ethnicity and occupation and concludes various impact factor on determining the angulation as well as the length of the bone. Aims and Objective: Thus, present study is aimed to determine the angle of femoral torsion in Nepalese population. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the Department of Anatomy, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. Of the total 60, unpaired and unknown gender, dry femora were collected during one year period and separated as right sided (n=30) and left sided (n=30) according to the standard anatomical landmarks. Measurement of angle was done by Kingsley Olmsted method and the length, mid-circumference by measuring tape. Results: The angle of torsion in dry femora (n=60) for right (16.73± 3.095) and left (16.67± 2.963) side were recorded. The mean shaft length, mid circumference for right sided femora were recorded as 39.367±0.9185 and 7.933 ± 0.6661cm respectively. The mean shaft length and mid circumference were 38.917± 0.8914 and 7.933 ± 0.5833cm respectively for left sided femora. Differences (ATF, p=0.932, LF, P=0.059, MCF, P=1) of variables between right and left femora were analyzed and correlation of angle of femoral torsion with shaft length and midshaft circumference (ATF vs MCF, p= 0.571 and LF, p=0.153) was done. Conclusion: Documenting the femoral angle of torsion with shaft length, midshaft circumference in normal dry femora of cadaver is of great importance for Orthopedic surgeons since it provides a knowledge for planning the hip surgeries.

scholarly journals A clinico-epidemiological study of melasma

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Akshy Kumar ◽  
Mukul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Positive Family History ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Melasma is an acquired increased pigmentation of the skin, characterized by gray-brown symmetrical patches, mostly in the sun-exposed areas of the skin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The proposed study is an epidemiological cross sectional study which was carried out in the department of dermatology in a teaching institute from October 2007 to September 2008 at Pramukh Swami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat. A total of 60 patients were enrolled for the study over a period of one year.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The main age group affected was 30-39 years i.e. 48.33% patients. 50 patients were females.18 patients had a positive family history of melasma. 12 patients had a positive history of using OC Pills. Malar region was the commonest affected area found in 52 patients followed by Centro-facial in 31 and least involvement was seen in forehead region in 24 patients. 20 patients reported association of occurrence of the lesions with pregnancy, 09 patients reported sunlight to be the offending agent.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Females were affected more commonly during their late third decade of life. Although we did not find the exact cause of melasma, we noticed that sun-exposure, pregnancy, and taking of oral contraceptive pills could precipitate or exacerbate the melasma.</p>

scholarly journals Circadian variation in stroke: a hospital-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ruhul Kabir ◽  
A. B. M. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Mohammed Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Shishir Ranjan Chakraborty ◽  
Matiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Background: Proof of a circadian rhythm in the occurrence of cerebral infarction and other types of stroke might provide clues to factors which immediately precipitate these events, which in turn might lead to more rational treatments. The aims of the current study were to find out the circadian variation of stroke onset and to determine the risk factors related to circadian variation.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh from July to December 2014 among 67 diagnosed cases of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke of first attack. Times of onset of stroke and wake-sleep state were recorded.Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 62.1 years, 64.2% were male. Among them, 59.7% had an ischemic stroke and 40.3% had a hemorrhagic stroke. The occurrence of stroke was most common during 6 am to 12 pm (47.8%), followed by 12 am to 6 am (25.4%), 12 pm to 6 pm (17.9%), and 6 pm to 12 am (9.0%). Circadian variation of stroke was homogenous and statistically insignificant in association with age group when categorized as below 65 years and 65 years or above years, sex, smoking habit, and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and dyslipidemia. But hypertension and ischemic heart disease (IHD) were significantly associated with circadian variation of stroke. The occurrence of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke was most common from 6 am to 12 pm (47.5% and 48.1%) respectively. When considered separately, significant circadian variation noted for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic strokes were also noted.Conclusions: The study contributes further evidence for the circadian variation in the occurrence of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Attempts to prevent their occurrence must take into account this circadian variation.

Rapid detection of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample of acute diarrheic children

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Sushmita Roy ◽  
S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
K.Z. Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stool Samples

Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of pediatric diarrhea globally. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus diarrhea should reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics and ultimately reduce drug resistance. Study was designed for rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample by ICT (Immunochromatographic test) as well as to observe the seasonal variation of rotavirus infection. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College from January 2011 to December 2011. Eighty stool samples were collected from Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. All samples were tested for rotavirus antigen by ICT. Among 80 patients, 42 (52.5%) samples were positive for rotavirus antigen. Among these 42 positive samples, 30 (71.43%) were from 0-12 months of age group, 10 (23.81%) from 13 to 24 months of age group and rest 2 (4.76%) from 25 to 36 months of age group. Rotavirus Ag was detected in stool samples from January to April and another peak episode from October to December. Considering the importance of Rotavirus associated diarrhea, rapid detection of Rotavirus infection in human is substantially needed and should be routinely practiced.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19354 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 11-13

Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
Z Rahman ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

Prevalence of Colorectal Carcinoma With Respect to Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3198-3199
Author(s):  
Pervez Muhammad ◽  
Sajjad Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
Akhtar Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Aim: Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with respect to age and gender Study design: Observational / cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore and Jinnah Medical College Peshawar from July, 2013 to February, 2015 Methodology: Surgical specimens of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Age and sex were evaluated in CRC. Results: The mean±sd of age was 54.4±19.7 yrs. Out of 60 cases, 6 (10%) were between 16-29 yrs, 9 (15%) cases were between 30-49 yrs, 34 cases (56.7%) were of 50-69 yrs and 11 cases (18.33%) were of 70 yrs. Out of sixty cases, males were 33 (55%) and females were 27(45%). Conclusion: There are 34 out of 60(56.7%) patients were 50-69 years and 33 out of 60 (55%) cases were males i.e. males dominance. Keywords: Colorectal adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry, gender

scholarly journals Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and Chronic Periodontitis—A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena H. R. ◽  
Sribhargava Natesh ◽  
Sudhir Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
The Mean

Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, increases the risk of complications in diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of prolonged hyperglycaemia. There appears to be a similarity in the pathogenesis of DR and PD. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association, if any, between DR and PD, correlate the severity of DR with the severity of PD, and investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and periodontal variables. The periodontal status of 200 adult diabetic patients in the age group of 30–65 years with varying severity of DR was assessed. Evaluation of the severity of PD was assessed by recording clinical parameters. Haematological investigations including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum creatinine were estimated before the initiation of treatment for DR. A statistically significant association between the mean duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the severity of DR and PD was found. The severity of PD was directly correlated with the severity of DR. There was a significant association between the levels of HbA1c and serum creatinine and severity of DR and PD. There could be a plausible relationship between DR and PD. Further prospective studies on a larger population with longer follow-ups are required to ascertain whether PD and its severity directly affect the progression and severity of DR.

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