Rozszerzenie kręgu podmiotów uprawnionych do skorzystania ze szczególnej ochrony konsumenckiej

2021 ◽  
pp. 442-455
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wałdoch
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Right

The article aims to analyze and evaluate the last amendment of the Civil Code by which articles 3855, 5564, 5765 enter into force. These regulations are expanding the group of entities entitled to consumer protection. New provisions, by the intention of the legislator, are to provide entrepreneurs who are natural persons concluding contracts with entrepreneurs with the stronger market position the same protection as provided for consumers in the scope of the use of abusive clauses, warranty for defects and the right to withdraw from a distance or off-premises contract. The introduced regulation raises some theoretical and practical doubts. They result from the unclear terms used by the legislator and from giving decisive importance to the data contained in CEIDG when qualifying contracts in terms of their professional nature.

Formation of Contract and Third Parties in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly Tayseng
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contract Formation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Formal Requirements

This chapter gives an overview of the law on contract formation and third party beneficiaries in Cambodia. Much of the discussion is tentative since the new Cambodian Civil Code only entered into force from 21 December 2011 and there is little case law and academic writing fleshing out its provisions. The Code owes much to the Japanese Civil Code of 1898 and, like the latter, does not have a requirement of consideration and seldom imposes formal requirements but there are a few statutory exceptions from the principle of freedom from form. For a binding contract, the agreement of the parties is required and the offer must be made with the intention to create a legally binding obligation and becomes effective once it reaches the offeree. The new Code explicitly provides that the parties to the contract may agree to confer a right arising under the contract upon a third party. This right accrues directly from their agreement; it is not required that the third party declare its intention to accept the right.

scholarly journals Will the imaginary active consumers please stand up? Case note to Walbusch Walter Busch: Case C-430/17 Walbusch Walter Busch GmbH & Co. KG v. Zentrale zur Bekämpfung unlauteren Wettbewerbs Frankfurt am Main eV, EU:C:2019:47

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-719
Author(s):  
Joasia Luzak
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Withdrawal ◽  
The Eu

The questions posed to the Court of Justice of the EU in the recent case of Walbusch Walter Busch asked what qualifies as the means of communication with a limited space or time to display the information and how detailed the disclosure on the right of withdrawal needs to be on such a medium. The judgment in this case had to strike a balance between not limiting traders’ opportunities to use technological advances to reach consumers and one of the main objectives of consumer protection: ensuring consumers have a chance to make fully informed transactional decisions.

Kajian Yuridis Pengesampingan Pasal 1266 dan Pasal 1267 Kitab Undang -Undang Hukum Perdata sebagai Syarat Batal dalam Perjanjian Kredit Perbankan

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-89
Author(s):  
Rocky Marciano Ambar ◽  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Hanif Nur Widhiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Credit Agreement ◽  
The Right

Banks in credit agreements use more standard agreements, standard contracts in 2 (two) things, (1) There is an unbalanced position between banks and debtors, banks that have a more dominant position and debtors. (2) There is an understanding of the principle of freedom of contracting and without limits. The Bank has the freedom to seek the form and content of the agreement. Code of Ethics in agreement. The provisions of the Civil Code provide types of compensation for parties. Based on the background, then for problems the problem is written (1). Does the inclusion of Article 1266 and Article 1267 of the Civil Code on the banking system have collected the principles of balance and justice. (2) What are the legal implications of the exclusion clause. The research method is normative juridical research. The result of this research is the neglect of civil law and the principle of compensation is the principle of balance. The basic principle according to Rawls is that it is unfair or more people. in the sense of "freedom of results", in other words. is the nature of the debtor in a bank credit agreement. For the legal implications of the clause that excludes Article 1266 and Article 1267 of the Civil Code concerning the right of the debtor to the debtor. Legal efforts in finding and resolving problems that cannot be made by a decision due to the imbalance of the parties in the agreement. For people who make changes, no party will be harmed.

KEPEMILIKAN DAN PENGUASAAN OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA APABILA TERJADI SENGKETA WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Dija Hedistira ◽  
' Pujiyono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to analyze the ownership and mastery of a fiduciary collateral object, in cases that often occur today, many disputes between creditors and debtors in fiduciary collateral agreements are caused because creditors assume that with executive rights as fiduciary recipients, the fiduciary collateral object legally owned by creditors and creditors the right to take and sell fiduciary collateral objects when the debtor defaults unilaterally, as well as the debtor who considers that the fiduciary collateral object is owned by him because the object is registered on his name, so that the debtor can use the object free as  giving to a third party or selling the object of fiduciary guarantee unilaterally. the author uses a normative <br />juridical approach, and deductive analysis method based on the Civil Code and fiduciary law applicable in Indonesia, Law No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees. The conclusion of the discussion is the ownership of the object of the Fiduciary Guarantee is owned by the debtor in accordance with the Law, mastery of the object of collateral controlled by the debtor for economic benefits, the procedure of execution The object of Fiduciary Guarantee is carried out in accordance with the Fiduciary Guarantee Act, an alternative mediation in resolving the dispute. There needs to be clarity in the use of language in making a law, so as not to conflict with each other between Article one and the other Articles.<br />Keywords: Ownership; Mastery; Object of Fiduciary Guarantee; Debtor; Creditors.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang kepemilikan dan penguasaan suatu objek jaminan fidusia, dalam kasus yang saat ini sering terjadi, banyak sengketa antara kreditur dan debitur dalam perjanjian jaminan fidusia disebabkan karena kreditur beranggapan bahwa dengan adanya hak eksekutorial sebagai penerima fidusia, maka objek jaminan fidusia tersebut secara sah dimiliki oleh kreditur dan kreditur berhak mengambil dan menjual objek jaminan fidusia saat debitur cidera janji<br />(wanprestasi) secara sepihak, begitupun dengan debitur yang menganggap bahwa objek jaminan fidusia tersebut dimiliki olehnya karena objek tersebut terdaftar atas namannya, sehingga debitur dapat mempergunakan objek tersebut secara bebas seperti menyerahkan kepada pihak ketiga atau menjual objek jaminan fidusia tersebut secara sepihak. penulis menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dan metode analisis deduktif yang didasarkan pada Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata<br />dan hukum jaminan fidusia yang berlaku di Indonesia, Undang-Undang No. 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia. Kesimpulan pembahasan adalah Kepemilikan Objek Jaminan Fidusia dimiliki oleh debitur sesuai Undang-undang, penguasaan objek jaminan dikuasai debitur untuk manfaat ekonomis, prosedur eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia dilakukan sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Jaminan Fidusia, alternatif secara mediasi dalam menyelesaikan sengketa yang terjadi. Perlu ada kejelasan dalam<br />penggunaan bahasa pada pembuatan suatu Undang-Undang, agar tidak saling bertentangan antar Pasal satu dengan Pasal yang lainnya. <br />Kata Kunci: Kepemilikan; Penguasaan; Objek Jaminan Fidusia; Debitur; Kreditur.</p>

scholarly journals Perjanjian Baku dalam Perjanjian Sewa Beli Kendaraan Bermotor pada Perusahaan Pembiayaan di Kota Banda Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Muhammad Marafwansyah ◽  
Sanusi Bintang ◽  
Darmawan Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Finance Company ◽  
Banda Aceh

Adanya ketidakseimbangan dalam penggunaan perjanjian baku dalam perjanjian sewa beli kendaraan bermotor pada perusahaan pembiayaan di Kota Banda Aceh memberi perlindungan hak kepada penjual daripada pembeli, sehingga lebih banyak risiko kerugian yang harus dipikul oleh pembeli. Pokok permasalahan dalam artikel ini adalah apakah klausula baku dalam perjanjian sewa beli kendaraan bermotor pada perusahaan pembiayaan melanggar ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang perlindungan konsumen. Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah jenis metode penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatan penelitian hukum yang digunakan dalam artikel ini terdiri dari, pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian baku pada perusahaan pembiayaan PT ADMF bertentangan dengan ketentuan KUH Perdata, khususnya dalam Pasal 1266, Pasal 1267, Pasal 1337, Pasal 1338 ayat (1), ayat (2), dan ayat (3), Pasal 1339 KUH Perdata, dan juga bertentangan dengan ketentuan UUPK, khususnya dalam Pasal 4, Pasal 7, Pasal 18 ayat (1), dan ayat (2) UUPK. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan perjanjian baku dalam perjanjian sewa beli kendaraan bermotor pada perusahaan pembiayaan harus ditinjau dan disesuaikan agar tidak bertentangan dengan ketentuan undang-undang.  Standard Agreement in The Hir-Purchase Agreement for the Motor Vehicles in a Finance Company in Banda Aceh  The existence of an imbalance in the use of standard agreement in the hire-purchase agreement for motor vehicles in a finance company in Banda Aceh gives protection to the seller rather than the buyer, thus more risk of loss to be borne by the buyer. The main issue in this article is whether the standard clause in the hire purchase agreement of motor vehicles in the finance company violates the provisions of legislation on consumer protection. The research method used in this article was the normative legal research method. The legal research approaches used in this article consist of, statutory approach, case approach and conceptual approach. The results showed that the standard agreements used by PT ADMF was contradictory to the provisions of the Civil Code, particularly in Article 1266, Article 1267, Article 1337, Article 1338 Paragraph (1), Paragraph (2), and Paragraph (3), Article 1339 Civil Code, and also contrary to the provisions of UUPK, particularly in Article 4, Article 7, and Article 18 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) UUPK. Therefore, the standard agreements in the hire-purchase agreement of motor vehicles in the finance company should be reviewed and adjusted so as not violates the provisions of legislation.

scholarly journals STUDI KOMPARASI OPERASIONAL PRODUK PEGADAIAN SYARIAH DAN GADAI KONVENSIONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Muh. Ishak Agus ◽  
Syahruddin Yasen ◽  
Syahruddin Yasen
Keyword(s):  
Civil Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Right

AbstrakMenurut kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata Pasal 1150, gadai adalah hak yang diperoleh seseorang yang mempunyai piutang atas suatu barang bergerak. Barang bergerak tersebut diserahkan kepada orang yang berpiutang oleh seorang yang mempunyai utang atau oleh seorang lain atas nama orang yang mempunyai utang. Dan masyarakat masih menganggap perusahaan syariah dan konvensional sama. Padahal jika dilihat dari segi operasional dan landasan hukumnya jelas berbeda yang dimana pegadaian syariah berpedoman pada Al-Qur’an surah Al-Baqarah ayat 278 tentang larangan riba. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa produk Ar-Rahn menjadi pilihan terbaik untuk nasabah dalam mengambil keputusan memilih produk gadai syariah atau ar-Rahn. Kata kunci : Nasabah, Produk Pegadaian syariah, Gadai Konvensional  AbstractAccording to the Book of the Civil Code Article 1150, pledge is the right earned by a person who has receivables on a moving good. The moving goods are handed over to the person who is indebted by a person who has a debt or by another person on behalf of the person having the debt. And society still considers sharia and conventional companies alike. Whereas when viewed from the operational point of view and the legal basis is clearly different where the shariah pawn is guided by Al-Qur'an surah Al-Baqarah verse 278 about the prohibition of usury. This shows that the product of Ar-Rahn becomes the best choice for the customer in making decision to choose the product of pawn of shariah or ar-Rahn.Keywords: Customer, Sharia Pawn Products, Conventional Pawn

scholarly journals PENYEBAB TIDAK BEKERJANYA HUKUM PEMENUHAN HAK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS PADA LAYANAN TRANSPORTASI DI JAWA TIMUR PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DAN MAQASHID SYARIAH

JURISDICTIE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Musa Taklima
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Literacy ◽  
Transport Organization ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

<p><em>This study aims to describe first, the main factors causing the inability of the law to fulfill transportation accessibility rights for persons with disabilities in East Java, secondly, the legal review of consumer protection and maqashid sharia against non-fulfillment of transportation accessibility rights for persons with disabilities, third, legal solutions to compliance transportation accessibility rights of persons with disabilities in East Java. The research method used is empirical research with a sociological juridical approach that is related to the effectiveness of the law to fulfill the accessibility rights of persons with disabilities in the field of transportation, which relies on primary data obtained through guided free interviews from primary data sources as well: (1) Transportation Service of East Java Province , (2) Regional Representative Council of the East Java Highway Transport Organization (Organda), which is then analyzed descriptively by a deductive pattern. The results of this study, first, legal norms used to burden the obligation to fulfill the right of accessibility of persons with disabilities to business actors are mandatory norms not prohibitors, business actors do not have legal awareness because they do not know about these obligations and apparatuses also do not have legal norms this is because of ignorance of this obligation, second, in the perspective of legal consumer protection, accessibility is a consumer right specifically for persons with disabilities given Law No. 8 of 2016 and also the obligation of business actors provided by Law No. 22 of 2009, there is no realization of accessibility rights in transportation, business people have ignored consumer rights of disability as well as obligations that must be fulfilled by business actors, maqashid Syariah's perspective sees the implications of not achieving transportation accessibility rights can result in their limited mobility to find work which leads to acts requesting that this need collide with hifdz al-mal and al-'urd. Third, the solution for fulfilling the right of accessibility of persons with disabilities in the transportation sector is (1) Establishment of a National Disability Commission that can advocate for the neglect of the rights of persons with disabilities in macro, (2) legal literacy as a legal literacy media on the rights of persons with disabilities.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pertama,<strong> </strong>faktor utama penyebab tidak bisa bekerjanya hukum pemenuhan hak asesibilitas transportasi bagi penyandang disabilitas di Jawa Timur, kedua, tinjauan hukum perindungan konsumen dan maqashid syariah terhadap tidak terpenuhinya hak aksesibilitas transportasi bagi penyandang disabilitas, ketiga, solusi hukum terhadap pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas transportasi penyandang disabilitas di Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis yaitu terkait dengan efektivitas hukum pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas penyandang disabilitas dibidang transportasi, yang bertumpuh kepada data primer yang didapat melalui wawancara bebas terpimpin dari sumber data primer pula yaitu: (1) Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi Jawa Timur, (2) Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Organisasi Angkutan Jalan Raya (Organda) Jawa Timur, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif analisis dengan pola deduktif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini, pertama, norma hukum yang digunakan untuk membebani kewajiban pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas penyandang disabilitas kepada pelaku usaha adalah norma mandatur bukan prohibitor, pelaku usaha tidak memiliki kesadaran hukum karena mereka tidak mengetahui tentang kewajiban ini dan apparat juga tidak memiliki keterikatan dengan norma hukum ini karena ketidaktahuan terhadap kewajiban ini, kedua, dalam perspektif hukum perlindungan konsumen, aksesibilitas merupakan hak konsumen khusus bagi penyandang disabilitas yang diberikan Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 2016 dan juga merupakan kewajiban pelaku usaha yang diberikan oleh Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 2009, tidak terealisasinya hak aksesibilitas dalam transportasi, pelaku usaha telah mengabaikan hak konsumen disabilitas sekaigus juga kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi oleh pelaku usaha, perspektif maqashid Syariah melihat implikasi tidak terwujudnya hak aksesibilitas transportasi dapat mengakibatkan sempitnya mobilitas mereka untuk mencari pekerjaan sehingga berujung pada perbuatan meminta minta yang terntunya ini berbenturan dengan hifdz al-mal dan al-‘urd. Ketiga, solusi agar hak aksesbilitas penyandang disabilitas di bidang transportasi terpenuhi adalah (1) Pembentukan Komisi Disabilitas Nasional yang bisa mengadvokasi pengabaian hak-hak penyandang disbailitas secara makro, (2) legal literacy sebagai media melek hukum tentang hak-hak penyandang disabilitas.</em>

scholarly journals Consumer Protection on Nonofficial Drugs Case in Indonesia: How Far the Legal Protection is?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-472
Author(s):  
Chatrin Intan Sari
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Know How ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study is to know how the legal protection for consumers on the circulation of illegal drugs and how the accountability of business actors on the circulation of illegal drugs. By using normative juridical research method this study found that the legal protection to consumers on the circulation of illegal drugs conducted by the government through the Agency of Drugs and Food. The Agency highlighted that the attention that the government has run its supervision. In addition, the protection of consumer law arising from the existence of rights and obligations set forth in Article 4 letters a and c, article 7 letters a and d, article 8 paragraph 1 letter a, d and e of Law Number 8 Year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The fulfilment of consumer rights over security, the right to be heard, the correct, clear, and honest information regulated in the UUPK is still not fulfilled. Article 98 paragraph 2, Article 106 paragraph 1 and 2 of Law Number 36 Year 2009 on Health. The business actor is responsible as the manufacturer of the goods because the importer of the goods is not an agent or official importer. The business actor who is an individual shall be liable for the losses incurred even if only as an importer not as a producer of the goods. 

Refining the Right to Information in Vietnamese Consumer Law: Insights from Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Lam Uyen Lu ◽  
Niloufer Selvadurai
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

AbstractIn upholding a consumer's right to information, regulations prohibiting misleading or deceptive conduct perform a critical role in supporting consumer welfare and encouraging equity in business and commerce. While Vietnam enacted a Law on Consumer Protection in 2010, its provisions in this area are limited in ambit and application. In order to improve the effectiveness of a consumer's right to information in Vietnam, it is useful to examine the Australia Consumer Law which has a sophisticated regulatory framework in this area. By comparing the laws prohibiting misleading or deceptive conduct in the Vietnamese Law on Consumer Protection and the Australia Consumer Law, this article identifies certain similarities and differences between the two legal systems, thereby clarifying shortcomings that can lead to inadequacies and inefficiencies of this area of the law and providing a platform for law reform in Vietnam.

RECURSO EXTRAORDINÁRIO 878.694/MG: O PRECEDENTE JUDICIAL NA SUCESSÃO LEGÍTIMA DO COMPANHEIRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Larissa Simões Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Federal Court ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Right

The presente article consists on a study developed with the objective of analyzing the succession of the partner and verifying if that Extraordinary Appeal 878.694 / MG fully equated the regime of succession of marriage and stable union. The Supreme Federal Court in the judgment of the referred appeal determined, not unanimously, the unconstitutionality of article 1790 of the Civil Code that regulates the right of succession of the partner and established the application of article 1829 of the Civil Code in its place, that originally only regulated marriage. This work defined the succession of the partner in the legitimate succession by law and in the Extraordinary Appeal, analyzing legitimate, testamentary succession, litigious and friendly sharing, the similarities and differences of articles 1790 and 1829 of the Civil Code. It will be demonstrated that the Supreme Court's decision did not pacify all issues related to the partner's right of succession.

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