scholarly journals On the quantum description of the early universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2 Jul-Dec) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Gabriel R Bengochea
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Werner Heisenberg ◽  
Quantum Description ◽  
Realistic Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe ◽  
The Ideal

Why is it interesting to try to understand the origin of the universe? Everything we observe today, including our existence, arose from that event. Although we still do not have a theory that allows us to describe the origin itself, the study of the very early era of the universe involves the ideal terrain to analyze the interface between two of today’s most successful physical theories, General Relativity and Quantum physics. But it is also an area in which we have a large number of observational data to test our theoretical ideas. Two of the fathers of Quantum physics, Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, shared some thoughts that could be described with these words: Quantum physics tells us that there is a line between the observed and the observer, and therefore science should be limited to what is observed. We must give up a complete, objective and realistic theory of the world. This article will orbit around these ideas and summarizes how it is that today, from recent works, we are in a position to try to challenge them (at least in part) through cosmology, seeking the quantum description of the early universe.

scholarly journals Beyond Superstrings. The Origin of Electric Charge and Magnetic Spin.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Werner Heisenberg ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Magnetic Spin ◽  
Mathematical Equations

The world beyond Superstrings describes a world with dimensions smaller than Planck length (1.616229 x 10-35 [m] ). Since 1971 Superstrings within the dimensions of the Planck length have been considered the building elements for elementary particles . The question rises: What are Superstrings made of? What is the building material for Superstrings. What are the 10 dimensions? This book offers an attempt to find new answers beyond unknown borders.To find the new unknown boundaries we have to go back in time. Because when we start with the same mathematical equations, the same knowledge, the same procedures, we will always find the same outcome, the same answers. And soon we will believe that there is only one outcome. The only outcome within the Standard Model where we will find the same elementary particles grounded on the same Superstring Theory. To escape from the vicious circle in Quantum Mechanics, we have to leave the path of well known physics. We have to leave behind the founders of Quantum Physics. Great scientists like Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. We have to leave behind the safe path of well- known physics.

Most of the Universe is Missing!

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Nicholas Mee
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
The World ◽  
Unknown Form ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Stable Particles ◽  
The Universe

Most of the matter in the universe exists in an unknown form called dark matter. All estimates of the mass of galaxies and galaxy clusters suggest they contain far more matter than is visible to us in the form of stars. Conventional explanations, such as the existence of large quantities of burnt-out stars known as MACHOs or dark gas clouds, have been ruled out. The most popular explanation is that dark matter consists of vast quantities of hypothetical stable particles known as WIMPs that were produced in vast quantities in the very early universe. Many laboratories around the world are searching for signs of these particles. These include the Italian Gran Sasso laboratory running the XENON100 experiment. Some theorists have suggested the evidence for dark matter would disappear if we had a better theory of gravity. Analysis of the Bullet Cluster indicates such proposals will not work.

scholarly journals An Inquiry into the Semiotic Thought of Laozi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Dong Zhu ◽  
Wei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Social Stability ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Tao Te Ching ◽  
The World ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Natural Life ◽  
Origin Of The Universe ◽  
The Way

Abstract Tao Te Ching, the masterpiece of Laozi the renowned philosopher of Pre-Imperial China, plays an important role in Chinese history. Laozi’s philosophy centres on such concepts as ming (names), li (rituals), and dao (the way). Ming, originally developed as a result of human beings’ endeavours to understand the world in which they live and to bring order to their society, has degenerated into the sources of evils and the reason for turbulence when people stop at nothing for fame and fortune; Li, an effective and efficient means for the kings of West Zhou Dynasty to maintain social stability, has become but a collection of empty sign vehicles with the disintegration of rituals and music; Dao concerns Laozi’s metaphysical reflection on the origin of the universe and its ultimate laws. Ming and li are but artificial restraints imposed on human intelligence whereas dao provides the way out. Therefore, to lead a simple and natural life, it is advisable to eliminate ming and li, and worship dao. In semiotic terms, this means that desemiotisation is the solution to the crisis.

Dualism in Iranian and Christian Traditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
François de Blois
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Indefinite Number ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

Since the time when the human race first began to speculate about the origin of the universe there have been two cosmological models that have seemed particularly attractive to its imagination. One has been to derive everything in the world from a single primal origin, out of which the cosmos, in all its apparent complexity, evolves. The other has been to view the history of the universe as a battle between two opposing forces which contradict and undermine each other. The two views can be called monism and dualism. They are not the only possibilities. There have been systems that posit three, four or an indefinite number of principles, but most of these have also tended to assume one basic pair of opposites with one or more neutral or intermediate principles beside them; this too can be seen as a form of dualism.

scholarly journals EVOLUTIONAL AND CREATION PARADIGMS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE WORLD: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Евгения Викторовна Алёхина
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intersection Points ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

В статье рассмотрены возникновение и развитие противоборствующих в философской мысли креационного и эволюционного объяснений происхождения Вселенной, жизни и разума. Обращаясь к анализу двух парадигм, автор показала, что они имеют длительную историю противостояния. В наше время, как и в прошлом, эта проблема сводится к альтернативе - либо эволюция как продукт слепой случайности, либо целенаправленное творчество Высшего Разума. В последнем случае есть два варианта: ортодоксальный и модернистский - «телеологический эволюционизм». Обосновывается, что современная постнеклассическая наука все больше определяется социальными, культурными и мировоззренческими основаниями. Одной из точек пересечения трех уровней научного знания является проблема происхождения мира. Противоположные варианты её решения имеют различное соотношение собственно научного (экспериментального) и мировоззренческого аспектов. Эволюционная гипотеза с позиции диалектического материализма не смогла преодолеть редукционизм и наивный реализм механистического подхода. Наличие в указанных парадигмах аксиологического компонента в той или иной степени утверждает или отрицает смысл жизни и достоинство личности. The article examines the emergence and development of the opposing creation and evolutionary explanations of the origin of the universe, life and mind in philosophical thought. Turning to the analysis of the two paradigms, the author showed that they have a long history of opposition. In our time, as in the past, this problem boils down to an alternative - either evolution as a product of blind chance, or purposeful creativity of the Higher Reason. In the latter case, there are two options: orthodox and modernist - «teleological evolutionism». It is substantiated that modern post-non-classical science is increasingly determined by social, cultural and ideological foundations. One of the intersection points of the three levels of scientific knowledge is the problem of the Origin of the World. Opposite solutions to its solution have a different ratio of the scientific (experimental) and worldview aspects. The evolutionary hypothesis could not overcome the reductionism and naive realism of the mechanistic approach from the standpoint of dialectical materialism. The presence of an axiological component in these paradigms, to one degree or another, affirms or denies the meaning of life and the dignity of the individual.

scholarly journals Narrative Quantum Cosmology in Michael Frayn’s Copenhagen

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Omid Amani ◽  
Hossein Pirnajmuddin
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Cosmology ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Werner Heisenberg ◽  
Alternate History ◽  
Parallel Universes ◽  
Possible Worlds Theory ◽  
A Site ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Abstract Twentieth-century drama has made the stage a site for reflecting on science. Michael Frayn’s Copenhagen, considered by many as one of the most striking contributions to “science plays,” portrays the elusive yet crucial short meeting of the two pillars of quantum physics, Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, in the autumn of 1941. The play employs ‘real’ scientists as characters that recurrently refer to and explain their scientific ideas such as uncertainty and complementarity, recognized as the Copenhagen Interpretation. Adopting the approach of possible worlds theory, this article analyses the concept of ‘possible worlds’ as projected in Copenhagen in light of the idea that physics itself has proposed a proliferation of parallel universes (multiverse). In fact, our main thesis is that the play offers an alternate history and brings about a myriad of counterfactuals that are tested as “drafts.”

Ontological and Cosmological Primordium: Heng 恆 or Hengxian 恆先? An Interpretation of Hengxian Wuyou 恆先無有 “Prior to Heng, There is Nothing”

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Bai Xi
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
The World ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

In the statement hengxian wuyou 恆先無有“there is nothing before Hengxian,” the expression hengxian should not be understood as a single concept. It is composed of two parts. Here, heng is used as the highest philosophical concept which expresses the ultimate in the sense of eternity, constancy, uniqueness, and the absolute. In ancient Chinese philosophy, it is similar to some other concepts such as Dao 道 in the Laozi, Taiji 太極 in the Zhouyi, and Taiyi 太一in “Taiyishengshui” 太一生水 from the Guodian corpus. Xian here is used as in heng zhi xian 恒之先, meaning “prior to” or “before.” Therefore, the precise meaning of hengxian is that something before or prior to heng. The proposition hengxian wuyou then can be understood as heng is the uttermost and primal being and there could not be anything before it. Wuyou “nothing” is the essential character or property of heng. Logically, heng 恆 must be the highest philosophical concept of being. According to ancient Chinese cosmology, seeking for the being or beings before or prior to the becoming of the world is the most common method to explain the origin of the universe. One way to assert something is the origin of the universe is to argue that there is nothing before or prior to it. In other words, a cosmology cannot be successfully established until it can identify a fundamental concept, prior to which nothing can be found.

Surface Play

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-68
Author(s):  
Amber Jamilla Musser
Keyword(s):  
Lesbian Feminism ◽  
The World ◽  
Black Lesbian ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

This chapter delves more deeply into the matter of the black vulva in arguing for a revaluation of narcissism, friction, and superficiality by dwelling on Mickalene Thomas’s use of rhinestones as excessive decorations in The Origin of the Universe (2012). A reimagining of Gustave Courbet’s infamous headless, nude portrait of a woman, Origin of the World (1866), Thomas’s work positions rhinestone-embellished genitals in the center of the frame. This chapter argues that Thomas’s painting offers a meditation on Audre Lorde’s matrilineal womanism while also allowing us to think with the idea of surface within the medium of painting. Both this calling forth of 1970s- 1980s black lesbian feminism and the textures of the surface bring forth friction as a form of relationality and narcissism as a necessary form of self-creation. Brown jouissance, this chapter argues, inheres in the excesses of surface that the painting presents.

scholarly journals The Philosophical Aspects of the Dialogue between Modern Cosmology and Theology

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
A. V. Nesteruk ◽  
A. V. Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

Introduction. The paper deals with the philosophical problems of the modern dialogue between cosmology and theology. It is argued that no existential contradiction is possible between them as originating in one and the same human condition. The difference between cosmology and theology amounts to the difference in their open-ended hermeneutics of the outer world. It is from within this philosophical conclusion that the hot issue of the dialogue are discussed and some insights are proposed.Methodology and sources. The philosophical analysis is based on the discussion of epistemological issues in modern cosmology and their relevance to theological view of the world. The method is similar to existential phenomenology’s approach to the constitution of the notion of the universe in cosmology and theology as an open-ended hermeneutics of the world.Results and discussion. It is shown that no existential contradiction is possible between two types of hermeneutics as originating in one and the same human condition. It is human being that becomes the major theme of the dialogue between cosmology and theology.On the basis of the conclusions made the paper discusses some “hot” issues in the contemporary cosmology-theology discussion, including: 1) The inseparability of cosmology and theology in justification of the possibility of cosmological knowledge, 2) Fine-tuning, Anthropic principle, fitness of the universe for life, 3) The unknowability of the universe and apophaticism in cosmology, 4) Multiple universes and their ontology, 5) How much of life is in the universe: the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), exoplanets and theological consequence for multiple incarnations, 6) The origin of the universe in modern scientific cosmology and its relevance to the theologically understood creatio ex nihilo, 7) Consciousness and the universe: can cosmology account for its own possibility without appealing to the theologically understood human capacity in producing an intellectual synthesis of the universe.Conclusion. On the basis of the methods applied to the hot issues in the dialogue between cosmology and theology one concludes that the dialogue between cosmology and theology is an open-ended enterprise related to the fundamentally concealed origins of humanity and universe. The difference is hermeneutics of the universe does not create any contradiction or tension but reflects a dualistic position of humanity in the universe, being an insignificant part of it and at the same time its center of disclosure and manifestation.

Introduction

1991 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Way Of Life ◽  
Loving Kindness ◽  
Moses Maimonides ◽  
The World ◽  
Virtuous Life ◽  
Active Intellect ◽  
Guide Of The Perplexed ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Ideal

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Moses Maimonides’ discourse. Was the ideal of human perfection theoretical or practical? For Maimonides, it appears, the ultimate vision vouchsafed man is not a union with the active intellect, nor with the spiritual forms; it is contemplation of God’s governance in the world, of the orderly structure of the universe. True human perfection, then, is achieving, according to one’s capacity, apprehension of God and knowledge of his providence as expressed in creation and in his governance of the world. Having attained this apprehension, the way of life of this person will be assimilation to divine actions, and this comes about by always pursuing loving-kindness, righteousness, and judgement. Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed ends on this motif of assimilation to divine actions. Representing contrasting viewpoints and interpretations, this book discusses the contrast between Maimonides’ ideal of human perfection as intellectual fulfilment achieved in solitude and his extolling a virtuous life pursued within society.

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