scholarly journals Neglected Transportation Infrastructure

Sibirica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-45
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Verkhnemarkovo, a small Siberian town located on an oil field in Russia’s Irkutsk region, is plagued by bad roads and limited mobility. This article explores the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the wellbeing of individuals and communities, with a focus on transport and mobility infrastructure. Some oil companies, such as Irkutsk Oil Company, are tied to the sustainability standards of international financial institutions. The article addresses the question of why people are in limbo between the state and local operating oil companies. Contemporary life in Verkhnemarkovo is characterized by so-called infrastructural violence, which results from the lack of state support—or false promises made by the state— and relates to good transport infrastructure. In their complaints, local people recall the Soviet past and expect support from the state or industry.

The Reach of the State

Unruly People ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Antony
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Mutual Advantage ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
State Agents ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Relationship

Contrary to conventional wisdom, which informs us that the reach of the state stopped at the county yamen, in chapter 4 the author argues that state agencies, particularly subcounty officials, yamen staff, and military personnel, actually penetrated deep into local society and played an indispensable role in law enforcement efforts at the grassroots level. Although there were tensions in the relationship, nonetheless it was to their mutual advantage that state agents and community leaders cooperate to rid the countryside of social disorders caused by bandits. Major conduits for this cooperation were the mutual surveillance (baojia) and local constable (dibao) systems, both of which operated in the nebulous space between state and local society. All of these efforts, I argue, had mixed results for local crime prevention.

Sodium menu labelling: priorities for research and policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eleanore Alexander ◽  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Kimberly A Gudzune ◽  
Joanna E Cohen ◽  
Emma E McGinty
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legal Databases ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract Objective: To understand the different Na menu labelling approaches that have been considered by state and local policymakers in the USA and to summarise the evidence on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers. Design: Proposed and enacted Na menu labelling laws at the state and local levels were reviewed using legal databases and an online search, and a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers. Setting: Local and state jurisdictions in the USA Participants: Not applicable. Results: Between 2000 and 2020, thirty-eight laws – eleven at the local level and twenty-seven at the state level – were proposed to require Na labelling of restaurant menu items. By 2020, eight laws were enacted requiring chain restaurants to label the Na content of menu items. Five studies were identified that evaluated the impact of Na menu labelling on Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers in the USA. The studies had mixed results: two studies showed a statistically significant association between Na menu labelling and reduced Na content of menu items; three showed no effects. Conclusion: Data suggest that Na menu labelling may reduce Na in restaurant menu items, but further rigorous research evaluating Na menu labelling effects on Na content of menu items, as well as on the Na content in menu items purchased by consumers, is needed.

Structural modelling of internal risk factors for oil and gas construction projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-1000
Author(s):  
Mukhtar A. Kassem ◽  
Muhamad Azry Khoiry ◽  
Noraini Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Project failure is the result of one or a combination of several causes of risk factors that are very important to identify for effective performance. This study aims to focus on studying the fundamental relationship between internal risk factors and the negative effect on oil and gas project success in Yemen using the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was carried out using a formal questionnaire survey of the oil field sector in Yemen by companies involved in mega-oil and gas construction projects. A hierarchical model for determining causative internal risk factors and their effects was developed and evaluated using SEM method by SmartPLS3 software technology. Findings The findings of analyzing model indicate that all categories have a significant effect on project success, while the most significant affected categories in the internal risk factors are project management factors, feasibility study-design and resources-material supply with a path coefficient value of 0.213, 0.197 and 0.186, respectively. Moreover, for the hypotheses test, the positive relationship means that all experimental hypotheses are accepted according to path coefficient value analysis. In addition, the internal risk factors research model shows the ranking of effects on project success starting with project stoppage (loading factor 0.841), cost overruns (loading factor 0.818), time overruns (loading factor 0.726) and project target failure with loading factor 0.539. Research limitations/implications The research was limited to the oil and gas construction projects in Yemen. Practical implications Interpreting the relationship between internal risk factors and their impact on the success of construction projects in the oil and gas sector will assist project team and oil companies in developing risk response strategies and developing appropriate plans to mitigate the effects of risks, which is presented in this paper. Originality/value The paper explains the relationship between cause and effect of internal risk factors in oil and gas projects in Yemen, and is expected to be a guideline for the oil companies and future academic research in the risk management area.

scholarly journals Corporate social responsibilities of international oil companies as a panacea to conflict management in selected host communities in southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-362
Author(s):  
Kenneth Chisom Gbali ◽  
Vincent Ezikornwor Weli ◽  
Prince Chinedu Mmom
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined corporate social responsibility and management of Oil-related conflicts in South-South Nigeria. The CSR was seen as rooted in the relationship between employee, business and State-social relationship. The aim of the study is to examine the level of relationship between the oil companies and the host communities. Objectives to Investigate the CRS programs carried out by IOC’s in the host communities, Ascertain the significance of CSR as conflict management strategy by IOC’s to the host communities, Evaluate the factors affecting the implementation of the CSR by some IOC’s in the region. The population of the study area was 2,358,000. The Taro Yamene formula for sample size determination was used to arrive at 400 for the study of the 27 host Communities. Three core oil producing States were selected. Out of these three State, three Local Government areas and three communities each based on their oil producing capacity. Data collection was semi-structured: questionnaire interviews, focused group discussion. Secondary data was by reports, books, and journals. Descriptive tool such as frequency, mean, standard deviation, tables and maps was used to answer research questions. The statistical tool for hypothesis testing was independent T test. The study revealed that frequent conflicts in the study area have been characterized by the relationship between Oil prospecting Companies and their host communities; a close look at the conflicts shows that most of such have direct or indirect link with IOC’s, as a result of inadequate CSR management. Some recalcitrant cash-in by way of vandalism, etc., others through legitimate agitations. The impacts of a supposed sustainable development of oil and gas exploration in the area is hitherto environmental degradations, e.g. effluents, unemployment, lack of social amenities, non-inclusion. The study recommended a practicable participatory paradigm shift, where planning with the Community will be mainstreamed.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS AN ELEMENT OF DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN UKRAINE: THE THEORETICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT AND PECULIARITIES OF THE INTRODUCTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
Valentina Vasilievna Yelinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
State Governance ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The article details the relationship between public administration as an element of the decentralization of power in Ukraine and the peculiarities of the implementation of public administration in Ukraine. The peculiarities of our country that distinguish it from the European countries with experience of implementation of public administration and control are considered. The main technological tools that can be used to implement public administration in Ukraine are considered. The emphasis is on public administration as the main instrument for implementing the state decentralization strategy. It is substantiated that consideration of the regulatory framework for decentralization clearly indicates the need for the allocation of public administration as the main point of involving society in state governance at the level of territorial communities. Strategically, the state has taken all necessary steps to implement the relevant reforms. However, there is still unregulated uncertainty between strategic planning and practical implementation, as there is uncertainty at the level of both the state and territorial communities about the instruments for achieving the goals. The article focuses on public administration as the main instrument for implementing the state decentralization strategy. The main differences between our country and the European countries, which have already successfully implemented the possibilities of public administration and ways to overcome these differences, are considered. The last section of the article is devoted directly to modern technological capabilities that can be used for the effective implementation of public administration at the level of territorial communities. The main existing tools and ways of their use are considered. Separately, the most perspective directions of realization of public administration and conditions of their effective implementation with support of the state and local self-government bodies are considered.

BUDGET INVESTMENTS IN UKRAINE: PRIORITIES AND TRENDS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Yaroshevych ◽  
◽  
Andriy Yakymiv ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
State Management ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Budget System

The article investigates the priorities of budget investment and trends in the distribution of capital expenditures among the budgetary system levels in Ukraine during 2010-2019 period. It has been established that capital expenditures of budgets in Ukraine cannot be equated with capital investments from the budget, since they contain articles that are inconsistent with the classical understanding of investments. But the analysis of their dynamics and structure makes it possible to identify the priorities of budget investment and the distribution of budget investment among the budget system levels. It has been established that since 2015 in Ukraine there has been an increase in the share of capital expenditures of the consolidated budget in the total expenditures of the consolidated budget at the expense of local budgets, which are a consequence of an increase in the local budgets resource base in relation to the decentralization reform. A positive trend of growth in the percentage of capital expenditures fulfillment of both state and local budgets was revealed. Also, since 2015, a change in the ratio of capital expenditures among the levels of the budget system in the direction of the prevalence of local budgets and a change in the structure of capital expenditures of the state and local budgets has been revealed: in the state budget, capital transfers to enterprises that are a form of support for certain sectors of the economy are decreasing, but in local budgets they are growing. Thus, the economic function of the state to support individual sectors of the economy is delegated to local budgets. It also revealed a change in priorities in the structure of financing public investment projects from the state budget of Ukraine during 2019-2020 from social development projects to transport infrastructure development projects (70% of funding). It has been established that capital investments from budgets of all levels are not aimed at multiplying budget investments; therefore, an increase in budget capital expenditures does not guarantee the acceleration of the state economic development. The improvement of the investment activities state management system should be realized in the direction of formation and budgetary financing the investment projects that will contribute to the introduction of new technologies, the creation of new jobs and the investment attractiveness of the country.

Introduction: The Contradictions of Peace, International Architecture, the State, and Local Agency

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver P. Richmond ◽  
Sandra Pogodda
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
External Support ◽  
Local Agency ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the four cornerstones in the relationship between different forms of conflict and peace. State formation describes the formation of the state through indigenous or internal violence between competing groups and their agendas which often turn the state into a criminal and predatory elite racket. Statebuilding is the resultant externalised process aimed at rectifying this situation. Peacebuilding focuses on external support for liberally oriented, rights-based institutions with a special and legitimating focus on norms and human rights, civil society, and a social contract via representative institutions embedded in a rule of law. Lastly, peace formation processes can be defined as the mobilisation — formal or informal, public or hidden, indigenous — of local agents of peacebuilding, conflict resolution, development, or peace actors in customary, religious, cultural, social, or local governance settings. The chapter then outlines the theoretical debates about state formation and statebuilding as well as the critique of liberal statebuilding/peacebuilding that has emerged.

Enhancing equity in participatory forest management through forest management agreements: the case of Gathiuru and Karima forests in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
S.N. Chisika ◽  
C. Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Participatory Forest Management ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Equity Effects

Kenya is keen on realizing equity between the state and local communities participating in sustainable forest management. Hence, prominence is accorded to Forest Management Agreements (FMAs) under the Participatory Forest Management (PFM) framework. However, there is a scarcity of equity lessons from FMAs implemented so far by the state and Community Forest Associations (CFAs). This paper addresses this gap by exploring two FMAs for procedural and distributive equity effects by comparing the processes of recognition, income, and cost-sharing as well as challenges experienced by the state and CFAs to determine whether FMA implementation was yielding equity outcomes or not. Using literature review and 19 key informant interviews, results from Gathiuru and Karima forests substantiate that FMA is a reasonably robust, multi-objective-win-win tool that promotes equity in PFM. However, the implementation process has been slow. There is a need for more capacity building of CFA members, establishing an inventory-based NTFPs utilization system, and complementing the current PFM framework with explicit provisions for Corporate Social Responsibility.

Alaska's North Slope Borough: oil, money and Eskimo self-government

Polar Record ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (124) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Morehouse ◽  
Linda Leask
Keyword(s):  
Local Economic Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The North ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

When oil was discovered at Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope in 1968, the Eskimo villages of the region scattered around the ten-billion-barrel oil field were similar to most other rural native villages in the state: poor and isolated, with high unemployment, little or no prospect for local economic development, and dependent on federal and state programmes for minimum levels of education, medical care, and other services. Soon after the Prudhoe Bay discovery, however, Eskimo leaders on the North Slope began taking steps toward creation of a borough—a form of local or regional government in Alaska somewhat like a county elsewhere in the United States, but potentially having more extensive powers of taxation and regulation, and greater independence from the state government, than county governments typically possess. Incorporated in 1972, the North Slope Borough covers an area of 228 800 km2 and makes up about 15 per cent of the land area of Alaska. Within its boundaries lie the 93 435 km2 National Petroleum Reserve and most of the 35 560 km2 Arctic National Wildlife Range; both of these areas are under the jurisdiction of the federal Department of Interior. Located between these two federal land areas is the Prudhoe Bay oil field complex, which occupies state lands leased to the oil companies. Extending south from the oil field and crossing the borough's southern border is 270 km of the 1 270 km trans-Alaska oil pipeline.

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