Review of Studies of Dagestan Arabic-Language Sources of the Post-Soviet Period

Author(s):  
Ramazan S. Abdulmazhidov

Materials in the Arabic language, mainly concentrated in Dagestan, occupy the most important place among the sources on the history of the North Caucasus. Its research has started since the 19th century. The academic study of these sources continued with the establishment of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts in 1963 in Makhachkala at the Institute of Language, History and Literature of Dagestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In the post-Soviet period, Russian orientalists drew attention to a number of still insufficiently studied Arabic-language sources. The research work revealed more new sources that significantly changed established ideas about social, legal and military-political history of Dagestan. Extensive study and translations of several historical chronicles, a wide range of various sources from the period of the Caucasian War were introduced into scientific circulation. Systematic work is underway to study the epistolary sources kept both in the Fund of Oriental Manuscripts of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Makhachkala (it includes now thousands of manuscripts and documents) and in numerous private manuscript collections. Studies of Arabic-language written monuments often remain out of sight not only for a wide range of readers, but also for the historians who specialize on the history of the Caucasus. This article devoted to their review and analysis is intended to fill this gap; it summarizes a certain result of enduring research work directed to the study of these manuscripts, carried out in the post-Soviet period.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-1) ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Alexey Grishchenko

The article tells about the life path and research work of the Don agricultural historian P.G. Chernopitsky. The stages of scientific creativity are determined, the main scientific works in the context of the era are considered, its position on the debatable problems of the Don and North Caucasus history, in particular, on the essence and stages of decossackization is determined. The contribution of P. G. Chernopitsky to the study of the socio -economic history of the Soviet pre -collective farm village, collectivization, the famine of 1932-1933 in the North Caucasus, the history of the Don Cossacks in the Soviet period is demonstrated. Relations with colleagues at Rostov State University are highlighted.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Alexandr V. Zorin ◽  
Alla A. Sizova

The Tibetan manuscripts and block prints from Khara-Khoto that were passed to the Asiatic Museum with other texts brought by P.K. Kozlov from his Mongolia and Sichuan Expedition have been insufficiently studied. Their processing was initiated in the second half of the 1960s and continued in the Post-Soviet period. The collection of the Tibetan Texts from Khara-Khoto, according to our analysis, included a number of documents from other sources. Trying to understand why it took place, we looked for and found some archival documents that shed light on the history of the formation of this collection and, simultaneously, helped to clarify some general issues concerning the fate of texts brought by P.K. Kozlov from Khara-Khoto. This paper presents the results of our study of the documents found in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Archives of the IOM, RAS, the Russian Ethnographic Museum and the Russian Geographic Society. The description of the events is divided into two parts: the first one reconstructs the chronology of the process of transferring manuscripts and block prints of P.K. Kozlovs Expedition to the Asiatic Museum; the second one deals with the history of the processing of the Tibetan texts from Khara- Khoto starting from the 1920s and up to present, when the contents of the collection have been critically revised. The table that reflects the current state of the Collection of the Tibetan Texts from Khara-Khoto kept at the IOM, RAS is provided in the appendix.


Author(s):  
А.Х. Хадикова

В статье анализируются основные достижения научного алановедения советского периода, рассматриваются фундаментальные изыскательские направления, сложившиеся либо продолжавшиеся в это время. Наиболее приоритетными становятся вопросы происхождения алан и условий их выхода на историческую арену. Безусловно, главные гипотезы были обозначены ранее, но именно советские исследователи историки, лингвисты, археологи и др. сформулировали основные подходы и наиболее жизнеспособные концепции. И, конечно же, новый импульс отечественное алановедение получило в связи с усилением интереса ученых к скифославянской проблематике. В статье последовательно и обстоятельно систематизируются выдвинутые в рассматриваемый период версии истории алан с учетом двух классификационных групп, в рамках которых и развивались изыскания советских ученых автохтонистской и миграционной. Помимо этого, в обзоре нашли свое отражение и достаточно казуистические предположения, отрицающие этническое содержание самого термина аланы . В анализе историографии аланской проблематики в советский период учитывается хронологический принцип формирования концептуальных взглядов, а в случае, когда это необходимо и их научной критики. То немалое значение, которое играли аланы в средневековой истории юговостока СССР, предопределило появление широкого ряда исследований, затрагивающих общие и частные вопросы истории алан на Северном Кавказе, а также их культурной и генетической преемственности с живыми этносами этого региона. Указанное направление изначально связано с этногенезом осетин. В статье представлен анализ разработок и этого вопроса в трудах ученых. Советская наука с ее внушительной историографической традицией внесла значительный вклад в полуторавековую историю развития отечественной и мировой аланистики. The article analyzes the main achievements of the Soviet period ofscientificAlanic studies. The fundamental research directions that developed or were being continued at that time in the Alanic studies are considered. The most priority issues are the origin of the Alans and the context of their entry into the historical arena. The main relevant hypotheses had been outlined earlier, but due to the Soviet researchers historians, linguists, archaeologists, etc. the main approaches and the most viable conceptswere formulated. And, of course, the Alanicstudies receiveda new impetus in connection with the increased interest of the scientists in the ScythianSlavic problems. The article consistently and in great detail systematizes all the versions of the main Alanian problem put forward in the Soviet period, taking into account the two classification groups, within which the research of Soviet scientists developedalongsideautochthonous and migration lines. In addition, this review considers rather casuistic assumptions, for example, the one denying the ethnic content of the term Alans. The analysis of the historiography of the Alanian problems in the Soviet period takes into account the chronological principle of the formation of conceptual views, and when necessary their scientific criticism. The considerable importance played by the Alans in the medieval history of the SouthEast of the USSR, predetermined a wide range of studies dealing with general and particular issues of the history of the Alans in the North Caucasus, their cultural and genetic relationship with the living ethnic groups of the region. This line was originally associated with the ethnogenesis of the Ossetians. The article presents an analysis of this issue in the works of major Soviet scientists as well. The Soviet science, with its impressive historiographic tradition, has made a very significant contribution to the history of a century and a half of development of domestic and world Alanic studies.


Author(s):  
Vitaly G. Ananiev ◽  

The 1917 Revolution had a significant impact on all aspects of life in Russia. The museum field also experienced its influence. The new conceptual framework of culture determined the soon formation of a new conceptual model of the museum. Its final codification occurred after the First All-Russian Museum Congress in 1930. However, in order to better understand the specific features of this model, it is necessary to consider its prehistory. Such an understanding is the aim of this article. The author analyzes materials from the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which has not previously attracted researchers’ attention. He uses classical methods of source studies (textology and historical source criticism) and close reading as the main epistemological tool for research. These are materials from the commission established in August 1920 to prepare for the unification of the Hermitage and the Russian Museum into a single Museum of World Art and Culture. The new authorities made this decision on August 2, 1920. The commission included representatives of the academic world and representatives of the new government. The meeting was headed by S.A. Zhebelev, a prominent professor of ancient history. Very soon, the commission turned to the consideration of general issues of the museum. At several of its meetings, it discussed the question of the relationship between basic museological functions: research and education. This issue was not considered in the abstract dimension, but through the specifics of museum work, in particular, of exhibition activities. All the participants recognized the importance of the educational activities of the museum, but at the same time recognized these activities as subordinate to research work. Representatives of the new power almost did not participate in this discussion, although they actively expressed themselves and debated on other issues, for example, on the question of the direct merging and redistribution of museum collections. Another issue that arose in connection with the discussion of museum functions was the issue of training museum professionals. In general, the nature of the discussed issues and the very content of the discussion demonstrate that Russian museology passed through an empirically-descriptive stage in its development during this period. Representatives of the new government did not yet actively intervene in the development of the model of an ideal museum. For representatives of the academic community, research was more important than education as a basic museum function.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
N. F. BUGAI

In the reviewed narrative, a thorough analysis of the book offered to  the reader is made. For the first time in Russian historiography  and as an author, and at the same time, the compiler A.K.  Shaparova draws attention to the collective name of representatives  of various Circassian communities living in the North Caucasus -  Kabardians, Adygeyan ethnic communities, etc. Turning to such a  complex problem as forced resettlement of peoples on the territory  of Russia, the USSR, the author focuses on the Circassians. For a  long period she was engaged in the identification and generalization of materials and documents on the life of Circassian  communities in the study area in the chronological framework of the  1930s-1940s, specifically revealing many of the historical portraits of  Circassians. And it concerns exclusively the peoples of the North  Caucasus until 1917 and as an independent period after 1917, under  the conditions of Soviet power. Of particular interest is the  period until the early 1920s, which was associated with various kinds of transformations of society that had to be overcome by new  state autonomous entities. In fact, the independent period is also the  1940s, when the mechanism of interethnic relations in the state  was actively involved in practice as forced resettlement. It  universally acted as a kind of management of peoples and citizens. It  often resorted to the authorities as before 1917, and in the Soviet  period. The book is intended for a wide range of readers that  have the opportunity to significantly expand their knowledge on this  complex issue of the history of the peoples of Russia, the USSR,  about the complex process when such a method of managing many  aspects of interethnic relations as forced relocations was actively  involved. The book is read with great interest.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Sergej A. Borisov

For more than twenty years, the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences celebrates the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture with a traditional scholarly conference.”. Since 2014, it has been held in the young scholars’ format. In 2019, participants from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Togliatti, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, and Rostov-on-Don, as well as Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania continued this tradition. A wide range of problems related to the history of the Slavic peoples from the Middle Ages to the present time in the national, regional and international context were discussed again. Participants talked about the typology of Slavic languages and dialects, linguo-geography, socio- and ethnolinguistics, analyzed formation, development, current state, and prospects of Slavic literatures, etc.


Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6 (104)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kirillova

Source study is the foundation of the research work of professional historians. It became the subject of the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Source Studies in Contemporary Medieval Studies”, which was held from 28 to 29 June 2021 at the Institute of World History at the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference, conceived as a platform for regular communication of specialists in the history of the Middle Ages, allowed the participants and numerous listeners to get acquainted with the latest research on the source study of the history of Russia, Europe, the East and America. It included reports summarizing the experience of research and outlining the prospects for further work on key problems of source study of the history of the Middle Ages.


2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kurepina ◽  
Irina Rybkina

Geoinformation systems (GIS) are actively used in modern scientific research, including the field of Urban Territories’ management. The lack of a universal methodology for their application requires an individual approach in the study of water management and water and environmental problems in the region. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate concrete examples of GIS successful use in solving some water supplying problems. One of the leading research methods is geoinformation-cartographic modeling, which has a wide range of possibilities and contributes to the effective solution of water-related and water-ecological regional problems. The developed algorithm for GIS using in solving regional water, a step-by-step procedure organizes for carrying out research work, the presented structure of the thematic database facilitates the systematizatin of thematic data large volume with the base a GIS project is created, where information is integrated, calculations, and a cartographic model is created that visualizes the regional water management and water-e logical situation. The research examples carried out in the Institute of Hydrometeorology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) on regional water management and water ecological problems by means of GIS and using the method of geoinformation-cartographic modeling considered in this paper prove the effectiveness and their use expediency.


Author(s):  
Олег Кириченко ◽  
◽  
Наталья Шляхтина ◽  
Татьяна Листова ◽  
Светлана Крюкова ◽  
...  

Научное исследование советского традиционализма – тема достаточно новая, но перспективная, поскольку в ней затрагивается целый ряд вопросов, позволяющих приблизиться к пониманию причин возвращения сегодня в общественную жизнь советских реалий, от которых, казалось бы, страна отказалась в 1990-е годы. Авторы монографии обращаются к разным пластам этнической, правовой, религиозной, бытовой и социальной жизни русского народа, делают экскурсы в дореволюционную Россию, прослеживают идейные пути традиционализма, получившего советскую прививку, в постсоветское время. Книга рассчитана не только на специалистов, но и на широкий круг читателей The scientific study of Soviet traditionalism is a fairly new topic, but promising, since it touches on a number of issues that make it possible to get closer to understanding the reasons for the return of Soviet realities to public life today, which, it would seem, the country abandoned in the 1990s. The authors of the monograph turn to different layers of the ethnic, legal, religious, everyday and social life of the Russian people, make excursions into pre-revolutionary Russia, trace the ideological paths of traditionalism, which received a Soviet inoculation, in the post-Soviet period. The book is intended not only for specialists, but also for a wide range of readers.


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