scholarly journals Correlation between Buruli Ulcer Incidence and Vectorborne Diseases, Southeastern Australia, 2000–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 3191-3192
Author(s):  
Jake Andrew Linke ◽  
Eugene Athan ◽  
N. Deborah Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Southeastern Australia

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics Shows ThatMycobacterium ulceransMigration and Expansion Preceded the Rise of Buruli Ulcer in Southeastern Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. e02612-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Buultjens ◽  
Koen Vandelannoote ◽  
Conor J. Meehan ◽  
Miriam Eddyani ◽  
Bouke C. de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
East End

ABSTRACTSince 2000, cases of the neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer, caused by infection withMycobacterium ulcerans, have increased 100-fold around Melbourne (population 4.4 million), the capital of Victoria, in temperate southeastern Australia. The reasons for this increase are unclear. Here, we used whole-genome sequence comparisons of 178M. ulceransisolates obtained primarily from human clinical specimens, spanning 70 years, to model the population dynamics of this pathogen from this region. Using phylogeographic and advanced Bayesian phylogenetic approaches, we found that there has been a migration of the pathogen from the east end of the state, beginning in the 1980s, 300 km west to the major human population center around Melbourne. This move was then followed by a significant increase inM. ulceranspopulation size. These analyses inform our thinking around Buruli ulcer transmission and control, indicating thatM. ulceransis introduced to a new environment and then expands, rather than it being from the awakening of a quiescent pathogen reservoir.IMPORTANCEBuruli ulcer is a destructive skin and soft tissue infection caused byMycobacterium ulceransand is characterized by progressive skin ulceration, which can lead to permanent disfigurement and long-term disability. Despite the majority of disease burden occurring in regions of West and central Africa, Buruli ulcer is also becoming increasingly common in southeastern Australia. Major impediments to controlling disease spread are incomplete understandings of the environmental reservoirs and modes of transmission ofM. ulcerans. The significance of our research is that we used genomics to assess the population structure of this pathogen at the Australian continental scale. We have then reconstructed a historical bacterial spread and modeled demographic dynamics to reveal bacterial population expansion across southeastern Australia. These findings provide explanations for the observed epidemiological trends with Buruli ulcer and suggest possible management to control disease spread.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium ulceransin Mosquitoes Captured during Outbreak of Buruli Ulcer, Southeastern Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D.R. Johnson ◽  
Joseph Azuolas ◽  
Caroline J. Lavender ◽  
Elwyn Wishart ◽  
Timothy P. Stinear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Southeastern Australia

scholarly journals Increasing Experience with Primary Oral Medical Therapy for Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease in an Australian Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 2692-2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Deborah Friedman ◽  
Eugene Athan ◽  
Aaron L. Walton ◽  
Daniel P. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Stage 1

ABSTRACTBuruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing infection of subcutaneous tissue that is caused byMycobacterium ulceransand is responsible for disfiguring skin lesions. The disease is endemic to specific geographic regions in the state of Victoria in southeastern Australia. Growing evidence of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy forM. ulceransdisease has evolved our practice to the use of primarily oral medical therapy. An observational cohort study was performed on all confirmedM. ulceranscases treated with primary rifampin-based medical therapy at Barwon Health between October 2010 and December 2014 and receiving 12 months of follow-up. One hundred thirty-two patients were managed with primary medical therapy. The median age of patients was 49 years, and nearly 10% had diabetes mellitus. Lesions were ulcerative in 83.3% of patients and at WHO stage 1 in 78.8% of patients. The median duration of therapy was 56 days, with 22 patients (16.7%) completing fewer than 56 days of antimicrobial treatment. Antibiotic-associated complications requiring cessation of one or more antibiotics occurred in 21 (15.9%) patients. Limited surgical debridement was performed on 30 of these medically managed patients (22.7%). Cure was achieved, with healing within 12 months, in 131 of 132 patients (99.2%), and cosmetic outcomes were excellent. Primary rifampin-based oral medical therapy forM. ulceransdisease, combined with either clarithromycin or a fluoroquinolone, has an excellent rate of cure and an acceptable toxicity profile in Australian patients. We advocate for further research to determine the optimal and safest minimum duration of medical therapy for BU.

scholarly journals Risk of Buruli Ulcer and Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans in Mosquitoes in Southeastern Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. e1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Lavender ◽  
Janet A. M. Fyfe ◽  
Joseph Azuolas ◽  
Karen Brown ◽  
Rachel N. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Southeastern Australia

scholarly journals The association of rainfall and Buruli ulcer in southeastern Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0006757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Yerramilli ◽  
Ee Laine Tay ◽  
Andrew J. Stewardson ◽  
Janet Fyfe ◽  
Daniel P. O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Southeastern Australia

Identification and chemical study of plants used in the traditional treatment of Buruli Ulcer in Benin

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Yemoa ◽  
JD Gbenou ◽  
RC Johnson ◽  
JG Djego ◽  
C Zinsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Traditional Treatment

Predicting changes in distribution of a large coastal shark in the face of the strengthening East Australian Current

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Niella ◽  
AF Smoothey ◽  
V Peddemors ◽  
R Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Austral Summer ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
East Australian Current ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
The Face

In the face of accelerating climate change, conservation strategies will need to consider how marine animals deal with forecast environmental change as well as ongoing threats. We used 10 yr (2009-2018) of data from commercial fisheries and a bather protection program along the coast of New South Wales (NSW), southeastern Australia, to investigate (1) spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence in bull sharks and (2) environmental factors affecting bull shark occurrence along the coast of NSW. Predicted future distribution for this species was modelled for the forecast strengthening East Australian Current. Bull sharks were mostly harvested in small to larger estuaries, with average depth and rainfall responsible for contrasting patterns for each of the fisheries. There was an increase in the occurrence of bull sharks over the last decade, particularly among coastal setline fisheries, associated with seasonal availability of thermal gradients >22°C and both westward and southward coastal currents stronger than 0.15 and 0.60 m s-1, respectively, during the austral summer. Our model predicts a 3 mo increase in the availability of favourable water temperatures along the entire coast of NSW for bull sharks by 2030. This coastline provides a uniquely favourable topography for range expansion in the face of a southerly shift of warmer waters, and habitat is unlikely to be a limiting factor for bull sharks in the future. Such a southerly shift in distribution has implications for the management of bull sharks both in commercial fisheries and for mitigation of shark-human interactions.

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