Genetic Diversity of Bartonella spp. in Cave-Dwelling Bats and Bat Flies, Costa Rica, 2018

Worldwide, there are cuurently more than 60 germplasm banks that contain tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) collections ranging is size from a few dozen to several thousands of accessions. In the utilization of these genetic resources sampling from only one germplasm bank may result in limiting available genetic diversity, whereas sampling from several germplasm banks may result in unnecessary redundancy. The current lack of knowledge regarding the relative magnitudes of genetic diversity contained within different collections makes it difficult to develop a core collection that maximizes genetic diversity. Two large tomato collections are housed at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Sanhua, Taiwan, R.O.C., and the Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseoanza (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica. Ninety-six accessions from CATIE and 102 accessions from AVRDC were randomly sampled from each base collection. The total of 198 accessions were charcterized for 103 polymorphic RAPD molecular marker bands. The results indicated that the two germplam banks sampled different genetic diversity. In addition, the magnitude of genetic diversity was greater in the AVRDC collection compared to CATIE.

Download Full-text

Genetic structure of Oryza glumaepatula wild rice populations and evidence of introgression from O. sativa in Costa Rica

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1095 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Eric J Fuchs ◽

Allan Meneses Martínez ◽

Amanda Calvo ◽

Melania Muñoz ◽

Griselda Arrieta-Espinoza

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Wild Species ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Wild Rice Species ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

Diversity Estimates ◽

Oryza Glumaepatula

Wild crop relatives are an important source of genetic diversity for crop improvement. However, gene flow from cultivated species into wild species may prove detrimental. Introgression may lead to changes in wild species by incorporating alleles from domesticated species, which may increase the likelihood of extinction. The objective of the present study is to analyze how genetic diversity is distributed within and among populations of the wild rice species Oryza glumaepatula in Costa Rica. We also evaluated if there is evidence of introgression between wild rice and commercial varieties of O. sativa since it is cultivated commonly in close proximity to wild rice populations. Individuals from all known O. glumaepatula populations in Costa Rica were collected. With the aid of 455 AFLP markers, we characterized the genetic diversity and structure among seven populations in northern Costa Rica. Given the dominant nature of our markers, Bayesian estimates of genetic structure were used. We also compared genetic diversity estimates between O. glumaepatula individuals and O. sativa commercial rice. Our results show that O. glumaepatula populations in Costa Rica have moderately high levels of genetic diversity, comparable to those found in South American populations. This is likely a result of large population size. Despite the restricted distributions of this wild species, in Costa Rica most populations are composed of several thousand individuals, thus reducing the effects of drift on genetic diversity. Our results also found low but significant structure (\theta=0.03±0.001) among populations that are separated by ~10 Km within a single river. The position of the population along the river did not influence genetic diversity estimates or differences among populations. This river does not have a strong current and meadows or seeds may easily move upstream, thus homogenizing genetic diversity across populations regardless of river position. Ample gene flow through pollen, seeds or detached culms within the same river reduces genetic structure. A Bayesian structure analysis showed that individuals from two populations share a significant proportion of their genomes with O. sativa genome. These results suggest that the low levels of genetic structure found in these populations are likely the result of introgression from cultivated O. sativa populations. These results expose an important biohazard as recurrent hybridization may reduce genetic diversity of this wild rice species. Introgression may transfer commercial traits into the only populations of O. glumaepatula in Costa Rica, which in turn could alter genetic diversity and increase the likelihood of local extinction. These results have important implications for in situ conservation strategies of the only wild populations of O. glumaepatula in Costa Rica.

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity of scarlet macaws Ara macao in reintroduction studies for threatened populations in Costa Rica

Biological Conservation ◽

10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00043-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 269-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Werner Nader ◽

Dagmar Werner ◽

Michael Wink

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Ara Macao

Download Full-text

Especies crípticas Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Phlebotominae) y sus implicaciones en la en la transmisión de leishmaniasis en Panamá.

Revista Médica de Panamá - ISSN 2412-642X ◽

10.37980/im.journal.rmdp.2019784 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anayansi Valderrama Cumbrera ◽

Mileyka Santos ◽

Angélica Castro ◽

José Dilermando Andrade Filho

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Dispersal Capacity ◽

Principal Vector ◽

Significant Differentiation ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Geographic Separation

[Cryptic Species Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Phlebotominae) and its Implications in the Transmission of Leishmaniasis in Panama]RESUMENLutzomyialongipalpises el principal vector de una importante enfermedad desatendida en América. La diversidad genética de este vector se estimó en la población colectada en dos áreas geográficas separadas por hasta 37 km. Analizamos la secuencia CB3-PDR / N1N-PDR de 22 individuos obteniendo un parámetro de: h = 0.43 y π = 0.0017 (Bo-na), h = 0.89, π = 0.004 (El Limón) con una diferenciación genética de kst = 0.03; p> 0.05 entre ellos. Ocho haplotipos fueron detectados, de los cuales fue compartido. Se detectó una diferenciación significativa entre las poblaciones Panamá-Colombia (kst = 0.98), Panamá-Costa Rica (kst = 0.98) y Panamá-Brasil (kst = 0.72) bajo el modelo de aislamiento. Las inferencias genéticas de esta población pueden complementar la información de la capacidad de dispersión y brindar pistas importantes para comprender la ecología de Lu. longiplapisen Panamá.ABSTRACTLutzomyia longipalpisis the main vector-borne of important neglected disease in America. The genetic diversity of this vector was estimated in population collected from two geographic area separated by up to 37km. We analyzed the sequence CB3-PDR/N1N-PDR of 22 individuals and the resulted of parameter was: h = 0.43 and π = 0.0017 (Bona), h = 0.89, π = 0.004 (El Limón) and genetic differentiation was kst = 0.03; p > 0.05 among them. Eight haplotypes were detected, and one was shared. Significant differentiation was detected among populations Panama-Colombia (kst = 0.98), Panama-Costa Rica (kst = 0.98) and Panama-Brazil (kst = 0.72) and these were genetically isolated by distance. The existence of shared haplotypes among the populations suggests a gene flow despite the distance and geographic separation. Nevertheless, showed isolation it contrasted with individuals very distant.The genetic inferences of this population can supplement the information of dispersal capacity and provided important clues to understand the ecology of sandflies.

Download Full-text

Peer Review #2 of "Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas L. in Costa Rica (v0.2)"

10.7287/peerj.2931v0.2/reviews/2 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

KS Virdi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Peer Review ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Jatropha Curcas L

Download Full-text

Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas L. in Costa Rica

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2469v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Marcela Vásquez-Mayorga ◽

Eric J Fuchs ◽

Eduardo J Hernández ◽

Franklin Herrera ◽

Jesús Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Costa Rican ◽

Nrdna Its ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Nj Tree

We estimated the genetic diversity of 50 Jatropha curcas Costa Rican samples using 18 EST-SSR, one G-SSR and nrDNA-ITS markers. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among samples using nuclear ribosomal ITS markers. Non-toxicity was also evaluated using G-SSRs and SCARs markers. A Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree and a Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree were constructed using SSR markers and ITS sequences, respectively. Heterozygosity was moderate (He = 0.346), but considerable when compared to worldwide values for J. curcas. The PIC (PIC = 0.276) and inbreeding coefficient (f = -0.102) were both low. Clustering was not related to the geographical origin of accessions but Costa Rican J. curcas consistently clustered as a separate group. International accessions clustered independently of collection sites suggesting a lack of genetic structure, probably due to a wide distribution of this crop and ample gene flow. Molecular markers identified only one non-toxic accession (JCCR-24) from Mexico. This work is part of a countrywide effort to characterize the genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas germplasm bank in Costa Rica.

Download Full-text

A new genus and species of trichobiine bat flies (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Streblidae) from Costa Rica

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631206788831489 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 433-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carl Dick ◽

Rupert Wenzel

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

New Genus ◽

Costa Rican ◽

New Genus And Species ◽

Bat Flies ◽

Bat Fly ◽

Host Associations

AbstractA new genus and species of parasitic bat fly, Megistapophysis mordax gen. n., sp. n., is diagnosed and described within the subfamily Trichobiinae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Streblidae). Illustrations of the wing, habitus, and male genitalia are provided. The new genus has affinities to species of Megistopoda Macquart, 1852, Neotrichobius Wenzel & Aitken, 1966, Paratrichobius Costa Lima, 1921, and the Trichobius phyllostomae group of species. Morphological affinities of related taxa to the new genus are discussed, and information regarding ecology and host associations is presented. The new genus is known exclusively from Costa Rican Sturnira mordax (Goodwin, 1938) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae).

Download Full-text