scholarly journals Serbia and Changes in the Concept of Citizenship in the Era of the First World War

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2021) (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitar Tasić
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
South Slavs ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First World ◽  
Liberal Concept ◽  
Peace Treaties

This article examines changes in the concept of citizenship that occurred during and after the First World War resulting from Serbia's enlargement and unification with other South Slav nations in the Yugoslav state. As the consequence of unification with former Habsburg territories and the stipulations of peace treaties with Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria, Serbia's liberal concept of citizenship was changed by the introduction of Heimatrecht or pertinenza and by the creation of a certain hierarchy among ethnicities that gave preference to South Slavs and Slavs in general. With the passing of the 1928 Law on Citizenship it became clear that the Yugoslav concept of citizenship had become more regressive relative to the notion of citizenship that had existed in the pre-war Serbian Kingdom.

scholarly journals Canada’s Participation in the Imperial Military Bodies in the First World War

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Simonenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Narrative Methods ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Commonwealth Of Nations ◽  
First World

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the participation of Canada in the creation and activities of the Imperial War Cabinet and two Imperial War Conferences of 1917 and 1918 to explain the evolution of the foreign and political status of Canada as a part of the British Empire after the end of the War. Methods and materials. The paper is based on the British and Canadian Parliamentary Debates, Reports, Minutes of Proceedings and Meetings of the Imperial War Conferences 1917/1918 and the Imperial War Cabinet. To study them, it uses the method of historical criticism of sources. The author also uses the historical-genetic, comparative and the narrative methods to investigate the causes, the process of creating and activities of imperial military bodies for the unified management of the war. Analysis. The paper analyzes the reasons for the creation of imperial military organizations in the British Empire during the war. It reveals the organizational and functional differences between the two imperial military bodies: Cabinet and Conference. The author studies the activities of imperial military bodies during the war in detail, determines the role of the Canadian delegation in this process. The article analyzes the decisions of the imperial military bodies, reveals their domestic and foreign policy consequences for Dominion of Canada. Results. Canada’s active participation in the creation and activities of the imperial military bodies during the First World War was one of the factors in the transformation of the Empire into the Commonwealth of Nations, the formation of its own national identity, political and foreign independence within the Empire.

The Foreign Office and British Propaganda during the First World War

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First World ◽  
New Phase

In July 1918 it was the considered opinion of Lord Northcliffe that propaganda and diplomacy were incompatible. When, only five months earlier, Northcliffe had accepted Lloyd George's invitation to take charge of the newly created department of enemy propaganda, his appointment, coupled with that of Lord Beaverbrook as Britain's first minister of information, had held out the promise of a new phase in the efficiency and co-ordination of Britain's conduct of official propaganda in foreign countries. It was then, in February 1918, that the Foreign Office had finally been forced to relinquish its control over such work. However, the creation of the two new departments had produced an intolerable situation. After three years of inter-departmental rivalry and squabbling over the conduct of propaganda overseas, Whitehall closed ranks on Beaverbrook and Northcliffe and united behind the Foreign Office in opposition to any further transference of related duties into their hands. Now, after five months of continued obstruction, Northcliffe expressed the view that:As a people we do not understand propaganda ways…Propaganda is advertising and diplomacy is no more likely to understand advertising than advertising is likely to understand diplomacy.

scholarly journals Taqlid and Ijtihad

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Taha J. Al 'Alwani
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Conceptual Thinking ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First World

The Polemics of IjtihadFrom the second hijri century until the present day, the reality, the essence,the rules, the conditions, the premises, the means, and the scope of ijtihadhave remained a source of debate engaging some of the Islamic world's greatesttheologians, scholars of al usul, and fuqaha': This debate has also been enrichedby proponents of the view that the door of ijtihad was closed and that thefiqh left by the Four Imams obviated the need for any further ijtihad, aswell as by those who claimed that this door was still open and that the existingfiqh was not sufficient to guide the contemporary Muslim world.In our own times, attention is now focused on the suitability of the Shari'ahas an order and a way of life. This new topic of debate, before unknownamong Muslims, emerged after the crushmg defeats experienced by the Muslimummah after the First World War, such as the dismantling of the khihfahand the creation of artificial states ruled from Europe. Many Muslims blamedIslam and its institutions for their defeat, and soon began to emulate theirconquerors. Others, however, had a quite different view: the Muslim ummahexperienced these disasters because it had become alienated from the eternaltruths of Islam. Thus, what was required was a return to the true Islam andnot its wholesale rejection in favor of alien institutions and ideologies. Onefundamental part of this return would have to be the use of ijtihad, for howelse could Muslims incorporate Islamic principles into situations with whichthey had never had to deal?Muslims who hold the latter view are aware of the fact that they mustmeet their opponents in the realm of ideas, for it is here that the future courseof the ummah will be decided. To be successful, much energy must beexpended in scholarship and conceptual thinking, in seeking to understandhumanity's place in the divine scheme of existence and what is expected ofit, and how this knowledge might be applied by Muslims as they struggle ...

scholarly journals THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF UKRAINE AND POLAND: CHANGING APPROACHES AND DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Olga Bilobrovets
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
First World War ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research on the First World War, specifically focusing on changing topics and new discourses, clarifying the place and role of the Great War in the historical memory of Ukrainian and Polish peoples over the centuries and analyzing the means of its actualization and memorialization. The research methodology is based on comparative studies aiming to shed light on convergence and divergence in the historical memory of the First World War in Ukraine and Poland over the past hundred years. The historical-analytical method is employed to characterize the Ukrainian and Polish historiography on the Great War and analyze the information space to identify current trends in representing war events, new discourses, and commemorative practices. The scientific novelty. The study highlights new approaches to the study of the First World War by historians and demonstrates the growth of its role and importance in the historical memory of Ukraine and Poland in the first decades of the XXI century. Conclusions. The First World War, though being an epoch-making event in the history of mankind for decades, was considered a "forgotten" war and received little attention in the historical research of Ukrainian and Polish scholars. In Soviet historiography, it was positioned as the war of the imperialists and did not arouse much interest. Polish historians mainly focused on studying the solution to the Polish issue during the war, the activities of Polish socialist political parties, and the revival of Polish statehood. Only in the late 90's of the twentieth century, a number of studies on the Great War appeared in Poland and Ukraine, with topics of research and discourses revealing such global phenomena as refugees, showing economic, social, and cultural aspects of the war, clarifying the personal, emotional, and psychological level of its perception by the population of warring countries. On the 100th anniversary of the beginning and end of the Great War, the popularization of knowledge about the war was intensified through the creation of special programs, documentaries and feature films, a series of interviews, TV and radio programs with famous historians discussing the main events and consequences of the war, reflecting on its lessons and prevention of future military conflicts. In Poland, the jubilee anniversaries of the war facilitated the resumption of activities to perpetuate the memory of the war participants through the installation of monuments, memorials, and the creation of museum exhibits.

De oprichting van Het Vlaamsche Front te Antwerpen. Een getuigenis van Rob Van Roosbroeck

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-286
Author(s):  
Luc Vandeweyer
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Nineteen Sixties ◽  
Large Role ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Conscience ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Vague Concept ◽  
First World

De partij, het Vlaamsche Front, werd door de vooraanstaande Vlaams-nationalistische historicus Hendrik Elias in de jaren zestig van de 20ste eeuw beschreven als een partij waar sociaal bewogen, pacifistische en links-revolutionaire wereldverbeteraars een plaats vonden en invloed uitoefenden. Die strekking werd verbonden met het vage begrip ‘humanitair’ en met een uitgesproken democratische en pacifistische ingesteldheid. Haar werd verhoudingsgewijs erg belangrijke rol toegedicht in het Vlaams-nationalisme van die naoorlogse jaren. Robert Van Roosbroeck, geboren in Antwerpen in 1898, was vier jaar ouder dan Hendrik Elias. Hij had deze jaren als jong, militant kaderlid van de partij meegemaakt. Elias gebruikte hem als bron voor de beschrijving van de overgang van oorlog naar vrede in het Vlaams-nationalisme in Antwerpen. Van Roosbroeck  had daardoor een grote invloed op de creatie van dit humanitaire en pacifistische amigo van het Vlaamsche Front. De autobiografische teksten waarmee hij Elias beïnvloedde, zijn het onderwerp van deze bronuitgave.________The foundation of The Flemish Front in Antwerp. A testimony by Rob Van RoosbroeckIn the nineteen sixties Hendrik Elias, the prominent Flemish Nationalist historian, described the Flemish Front party, which was founded after the First World War, as a party where pacifists with a social conscience and left-revolutionary do-gooders found a niche and exerted influence. That meaning was linked with the vague concept of ‘humanitarian’ and a more explicit democratic and pacifist conviction. The Flemish-Nationalism of those past war years attributed a comparatively large role to the Flemish Front. Robert Van Roosbroeck, born in Antwerp in 1898, was four years older than Hendrik Elias. He had experienced these years as a young, militant executive member of the party. Elias used him as a source for the description of the transition from war to peace in Flemish Nationalism in Antwerp. For that reason Van Roosbroeck greatly influenced the creation of the humanitarian and pacifist image of the Flemish Front. The autobiographic texts with which he influenced Elias constitute the subject of this source publication.

Background

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stuart Nance
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Skill ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Ideological Differences ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First World

This chapter briefly summarizes the development of American mechanized cavalry doctrine and organization from the First World War to the Second. It highlights the tension in the cavalry branch over how best to incorporate new technology while still maintaining the core skill sets required of cavalry. It shows how mechanized cavalry doctrine became stunted by the creation of the armored force, as well as by ideological differences across the branch and Army Ground Forces.

Frenemy Aliens. The National and Transnational Considerations of Independent Contingents in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, 1914-1918

Itinerario ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Steve Marti
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
First World War ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
South Slavs ◽  
War Effort ◽  
First World

The Allied expedition to Salonika was a controversial campaign of the First World War that diverted French and British resources away from the Western Front. To sustain this expedition without depleting existing forces, the Colonial Office approached the High Commissioners of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and requested that each dominion consider raising a Serbian military contingent for service in Salonika. In the decades preceding the outbreak of war, South Slavs had settled in each of the dominions and the War Office hoped to exploit nationalist aspirations for a pan-Slavic state and mobilise South Slavs in the dominions. In raising these contingents, dominion governments weighed between fulfilling a demand of the Imperial war effort and jeopardising domestic stability by empowering a culturally-distinct minority that was the object of public paranoia. This article will examine how the legal status of South Slavs changed in the three dominions as a result of these recruiting efforts along with the conditions under which South Slavs were able to volunteer for service in Salonika. A comparative approach reveals how Southern Slavs were defined and how they defined themselves as they navigated the categories of enemy aliens, friendly allies, and subjects of the British Empire.

"Warn the Duke"

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Paul Miller-Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
First World War ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Popular Representations ◽  
A Site ◽  
First World

How has the Sarajevo assassination been conjured and construed, narrated and represented, in a wide variety of media including fiction, film, newspapers, children’s literature, encyclopedias, textbooks, and academic writing itself? In what ways have these sources shaped our understanding of the so-called “first shots of the First World War”? By treating the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (28 June 1914) as a "site of memory" à la historian Pierre Nora, this article argues that both popular representations and historical narratives (including academic writing) of the political murder have contributed equally to the creation of what I identify here as the “Sarajevo myth.”

scholarly journals A trianoni békeszerződés és a dunai hajózás

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Mihály Krámli
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
World War ◽  
International Regime ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World ◽  
Peace Treaties

The scope of this paper is to analyse the Danube policy of the Allied Powers after the First World War, their intention to create a new international régime, and to hone in on the impact of the Treaty of Trianon, the new Statue of the Danube of 1921 and the distribution of a part of the former Austrian and Hungarian riverine merchant fl eets on the Hungarian navigation on the Danube. Before the end of the World War the Austro-Hungarian riverine merchant fl eet was a dominant factor in the navigation on the Danube. The Allied Powers wanted to break this dominancy and to formulate a new international régime on the Danube favourable for them. These eff orts were present in the peace treaties. The Convention Instituting the Defi nitive Statue of the Danube was signed at Paris in July 1921. The provisions of the Convention formulated by the victors were very unfavourable for Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria. To capitalise on the benefi ts provided for them by the peace treaties and the Convention of 1921 in the Danube navigation, it had to create considerable merchant fl eets for Czechoslovakia, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Romania. For this scope the peace treaties provided that Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria should cede to the interested Allied Powers certain property pertaining to navigation on the Danube. Upon the decision of arbitrator Walker D. Hines of 2 August 1921, Hungary has lost nearly 50 percent of its Danube merchant fleet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document