scholarly journals Enhanced Antioxidant Activity of Nano-Selenium Produced Using a Bacterial Isolate Citrobacter sp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6124-6133
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Animal Growth

Selenium is essential for human, plant, and animal growth and reproduction. Because of their biological activity, bioavailability, and low toxicity, selenium nanoparticles are regarded as a promising material for many applications in biomedicine and health. Selenium-resistant bacteria were isolated from garden soil and identified as Citrobacter amalonaticus strain ARB01. TEM, UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, and EDAX were used to characterize biosynthesized SeNPs using the cell-free extract of ARB01. The antioxidant activity of biologically functionalized SeNPs was evaluated using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant strength (FRAP), and 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The Dot-blot test was used to perform a qualitative study of the antioxidant activity of SeNPs using the TLC-DPPH technique. The TEM analysis revealed spherical SeNPs with diameters ranging from 50 nm to 80 nm. Because of the synergistic effect of biomolecules involved in nanoparticle synthesis, SeNPs showed higher antioxidant activity. This study reveals that the antioxidant activity of nanoparticles increased due to functionalization by biomolecules present in the cell-free extract of bacterial isolate.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect of the Castanea sativa Mill. Leaf Extract on Oxidative Stress Induced upon Human Spermatozoa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Biagi ◽  
Daria Noto ◽  
Maddalena Corsini ◽  
Giulia Baini ◽  
Daniela Cerretani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Dpph Test

This study was aimed at evaluating in vitro the effects of a 75% v/v ethanolic extract of leaves of Castanea sativa Mill. (var. Bastarda Rossa, Mount Amiata, Tuscany, Italy) on ejaculated human sperm. Total polyphenols and total flavonoids contained in the extract were determined by a colorimetric assay and HPLC-DAD. The DPPH test and electrochemistry were utilized to study the antioxidant activity of the extract. Swim-up-selected sperm from 8 healthy men were treated with the C. sativa leaf extract at different dilutions (1 : 100, 1 : 200, and 1 : 500), and sperm motility was assessed following the WHO guidelines. Swim-up-selected spermatozoa were incubated with 100 μM H2O2 to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) and with H2O2 and the leaf extract (1 : 100, 1 : 200, and 1 : 500) to test the antioxidant activity of the extract. The levels of LPO were determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. The treated samples were also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for ultrastructural evaluation. The chemical analysis showed that one-third ca. of the polyphenols in the C. sativa extract were made up of flavonoids, with hyperoside present in high concentration. A good antioxidant activity was demonstrated by both the DPPH test and electrochemical analysis. The C. sativa leaf extract did not decrease sperm motility at all tested dilutions. Treatment with H2O2 alone caused a significant increment in MDA levels (P=0.006993), while the treatment with H2O2 plus C. sativa extract diluted to 1 : 100 and 1 : 200 significantly reduced MDA levels (P=0.01476 and P=0.01571, respectively), with respect to H2O2 alone. TEM analysis confirmed the protective effect of the extract on damage induced by LPO, in particular that occurring at the plasma membrane level. The C. sativa leaf extract could be used in human and farm animal protocols for gamete handling, such as techniques of assisted reproduction and cryopreservation of semen, all conditions in which oxidative stress is exacerbated.

Antioxidant Activity of Selected Thyme (Thymus L.) Species and Study of the Equivalence of Different Measuring Methodologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Orłowska ◽  
Teresa Kowalska ◽  
Mieczysław Sajewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Pytlakowska ◽  
Mariola Bartoszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Measuring Techniques

Abstract This study presents the results of comparative evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the phenolic fraction exhaustively extracted with aqueous methanol from 18 different thyme (Thymus L.) specimens and species. This evaluation is made with use of the same free radical source (DPPH• radical), three different free radical scavenging models (gallic acid, ascorbic acid, and Trolox), and three different measuring techniques (the dot blot test, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, EPR). A comparison of the equivalence of these three different measuring techniques (performed with use of hierarchical clustering with Euclidean distance as a similarity measure and Ward's linkage) is particularly important in view of the fact that different laboratories use different antioxidant activity measuring techniques, which makes any interlaboratory comparison hardly possible. The results obtained confirm a semiquantitative equivalence among the three compared methodologies, and a proposal is made of a simple and cost-effective dot blot test that uses the DPPH• radical and provides differentiation of antioxidant activity of herbal matter comparable with the results of the UV-Vis spectrophotometry and EPR.

Antioxidant activity of selenium nanoparticles biosynthesized using a cell-free extract of Geobacillus

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 556-567
Author(s):  
Awanish Kumar ◽  
Bablu Prasad ◽  
Jayanand Manjhi ◽  
Kumar Suranjit Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis Using an ATCC Reference Strain ofPseudomonas aeruginosaand Activity as Broad Spectrum Clinical Antibacterial Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa A. Quinteros ◽  
Ivana M. Aiassa Martínez ◽  
Pablo R. Dalmasso ◽  
Paulina L. Páez
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Currently, the biosynthesis of silver-based nanomaterials attracts enormous attention owing to the documented antimicrobial properties of these ones. This study reports the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using aPseudomonas aeruginosastrain from a reference culture collection. A greenish culture supernatant ofP. aeruginosaincubated at 37°C with a silver nitrate solution for 24 h changed to a yellowish brown color, indicating the formation of Ag-NPs, which was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. TEM analysis showed spherical and pseudospherical nanoparticles with a distributed size mainly between 25 and 45 nm, and the XRD pattern revealed the crystalline nature of Ag-NPs. Also it provides an evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs against human pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, namely,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Enterococcus faecalis,Proteus mirabilis,Acinetobacter baumannii,Escherichia coli,P. aeruginosa, andKlebsiella pneumonia. Ag-NPs were found to be bioactive at picomolar concentration levels showing bactericidal effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. This work demonstrates the first helpful use of biosynthesized Ag-NPs as broad spectrum bactericidal agents for clinical strains of pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistantS. aureus,A. baumannii, andE. coli. In addition, these Ag-NPs showed negligible cytotoxic effect in human neutrophils suggesting low toxicity to the host.

scholarly journals Mexican Sage (Salvia officinalis) Extraction Using Factorial Design and Its Effect on Chemical and Antibacterial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. A. Conde-Hernández ◽  
M. L. Luna-Guevara ◽  
J. J. Luna-Guevara ◽  
J. Pérez-Vázquez ◽  
R. J. Aranda-García
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Enterobacter Agglomerans ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The essential oils (EOs) extracted by hydrodistillation (HYDRO) and steam distillation (SD) from Mexican Salvia officinalis L were analyzed for yield, chemical composition (GC-MS), particle morphology (SEM), antioxidant activity (ABTS), and antibacterial activity against Enterobacter agglomerans, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella sp, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The influence of the factors (method, quantity, and sample) was evaluated using a 23 full factorial design, Pareto chart, normal probability plot, main effects, and interaction plots in variance analysis on yield and antioxidant activity. The quantity, methods, sample, and the methods × sample and methods × quantity interactions were the most significant factors on yield (%). The sample, methods, and quantity × sample interaction were significant for antioxidant activity. EO yields were between 0.35 and 1.27 (% w/w), and the highest value was obtained by the HYDRO method using 50 g of whole sage leaves. The antioxidant activity values were in the range of 2.35 to 3.44 mg Trolox equivalent/g. Camphor, limonene, camphene, and caryophyllene were the main compounds identified. Micrographs of sage leaves showed relevant changes in the structure after extraction. The antibacterial activity was confirmed with the inhibition diameter and inhibition percentage of all bacteria, and P. aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria. Finally, S. officinalis EO potentials can be considered an alternative natural preservative for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extracts of Harpagophytum Zeyheri and Their Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxicity Activity Compared With Diclofenac.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibonokuhle F. Ncube ◽  
Lyndy J. McGaw ◽  
Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya ◽  
Hilton G.T. Ndagurwa ◽  
Peter J. Mundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract Background This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and comparison of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of Harpagopytum zeyheri with diclofenac. Methods In vitro assays were conducted using water, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of H.zeyheri. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 2,2'- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages as well as cytokine (TNF-α and IL-10) expression on LPS-induced U937 human macrophages. For cytotoxicity, cell viability was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC50 values in the DPPH (5.91µg/ml) and ABTS (20.5µg/ml) assay compared to other extracts. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extracts effectively inhibited NO and TNF-α and proved to be comparable to diclofenac at some concentrations. All extracts of H. zeyheri displayed dose dependent activity and were associated with low levels of human-IL-10 expression compared to quercetin. Furthermore, all extracts displayed low toxicity relative to diclofenac. Conclusions These findings show that H. zeyheri has significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, similarities exist in inflammatory activity of H. zeyheri to diclofenac at some concentrations as well as low toxicity in comparison to diclofenac.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxicity, Bacteriostatic, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antipyretic Activities of Huangqin-Honghua-Pugongying-Jinyinhua Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Dongyang Ye ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Yinqian Li
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The extensive use of antibiotics has caused the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and genes, seriously reducing antibiotic efficacy and threatening animal and human health. As an alternative, traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) was used in this study for its lack of drug resistance and low toxicity. Huangqin-honghua-pugongying-jinyinhua extract (HHPJE), a novel TCVM, consists of the extracts of Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis), Honghua (Carthami Flos), Pugongying (Taraxacum) and Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), and was developed to treat bovine mastitis. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity, bacteriostatic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities of HHPJE. Our results show that HHPJE did not show any acute oral toxicity and can be considered safe for oral administration. Additionally, HHPJE possessed a dose-dependent antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. HHPJE (60, 30 and 15 g/kg) can reduce the abdominal pain by 44.83 ± 7.69%, 43.15 ± 9.50% and 26.14 ± 4.17%, respectively. The percentages of anti-inflammation inhibition (60, 30 and 15 g/kg) were 35.34 ± 2.17%, 22.29 ± 2.74% and 12.06 ± 3.61%, respectively. The inhibition rates (60, 30 and 15 g/kg) of antipyretic activity were 82.05%, 65.71% and 52.80%, respectively. The evaluation of pharmacodynamics and toxicity indicate that HHPJE possesses significant bacteriostatic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential, and also that it is safe for acute oral toxicity, which means it has potential value for treating bovine mastitis in future and alleviating clinical symptoms with no drug resistance or side effects.

scholarly journals Synthesis Of PEG Coated Ascorbic Acid Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles and Determining its Antioxidant Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 741-744
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Functionalized Nanoparticles ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

Silver nanoparticles are extensively being studied for various applications in different fields. Functionalized silver nanoparticles are now being used as drug carriers. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a well-known antioxidant which has been reported to have various beneficial properties to humans. Here we have synthesized silver nanoparticles functionalized with ascorbic acid. The functionalized nanoparticles were further coated with PEG. The nanoparticle synthesis was characterized using UV-Visible spectral analysis, XRD, FTIR and Scanning electron microscope. The average size of the nanoparticle was found to be 24 nm. The synthesized nanoparticle was found to possess antioxidative effects.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Evaluation against Aedes aegypti and Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of the Essential Oil of Tridax procumbens L. Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lethicia B. Brandão ◽  
Lizandra L. Santos ◽  
Rosany L. Martins ◽  
Alex B. L. Rodrigues ◽  
Erica de M. Rabelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Larvicidal Bioassay

The present study evaluated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and larvicidal potential of the essential oil of Tridax procumbens leaves, as well as identified the compounds present in the essential oil. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the sequestration method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, the cytotoxic activity was evaluated using Artemia salina, the larvicidal bioassay was performed with larvae in the third stage of development of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, and the identification of the metabolites was performed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The phytochemical oil analysis showed the presence of 20 compounds, with thymol and γ-terpinene being the main ones. It presented antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 194.51 μg mL−1, demonstrating antioxidant activity in the highest concentrations tested. It presented low cytotoxic activity against A. salina, with an LC50 of 1238.67 μg mL−1, demonstrating atoxicity in the concentrations tested. The essential oil presented good larvicidal activity when compared to the literature, with an LC50 = 79.0 μg mL−1 in 24 hours and LC50 of 69.15 μg mL−1 in 48 hours. In this way, it was possible to identify that the essential oil of the leaves of T. procumbens presented potential for the development of a natural larvicide, as well as antioxidant activity satisfactory to the radical DPPH and low toxicity to A. salina.

scholarly journals A Novel Derivative of Thioridazine Shows Low Toxicity and Efficient Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Nadia S. Jørgensen ◽  
Lasse Saaby ◽  
Anne M. Andersson ◽  
Sofie Kromann ◽  
Ehsan Sheikhsamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Potential

Thioridazine hydrochloride (HCl) has been suggested as a promising antimicrobial helper compound for the treatment of infections with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Unfortunately, the therapeutic concentration of thioridazine HCl is generally higher than what can be tolerated clinically, in part due to its toxic side effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize a less toxic thioridazine derivative that would still retain its properties as a helper compound. This resulted in a compound designated 1-methyl-2-(2-(2-(methylthio)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethyl)-1-pentylpiperidin-1-ium bromide (abbreviated T5), which exhibited low blood–brain barrier permeability. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus exposed to the novel compound was reduced 32-fold compared to thioridazine HCl (from 32 µg/mL to 1 µg/mL). The MIC values for T5 against five Gram-positive pathogens ranged from 1 µg/mL to 8 µg/mL. In contrast to thioridazine HCl, T5 does not act synergistically with oxacillin. In silico predictive structure analysis of T5 suggests that an acceptably low toxicity and lack of induced cytotoxicity was demonstrated by a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Conclusively, T5 is suggested as a novel antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive bacteria. However, future pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are needed to clarify the clinical potential of this novel discovery.

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