scholarly journals Immunohistochemical expression of macrophages in chronic periapical lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e35310716622
Author(s):  
Zilda Betânia Barbosa Medeiros de Farias ◽  
Jade Souza Cavalcante ◽  
Anne Caroline de Lima ◽  
Emanuel Savio de Souza Andrade ◽  
Márcia Maria Fonseca da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Clinical Variables

Objective: To analyze the expression of macrophages in periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Methodology: We selected 264 cases of chronic periapical lesions stored at the Laboratory of Pathology, Dental School of Pernambuco (FOP)/UPE, including 89 PGs and 175 RCs. Seventy-nine cases, 23 PGs and 56 RCs, were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis by the streptavidin-biotin method using anti-CD68 antibody. The chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine the existence of associations with categorical and clinical variables, adopting a 95% confidence level (p≤0.05). Results: We observed immunoexpression of CD68 in 83% of cases. The number of CD68+ cells (score 3 or 4) was higher in PGs, with predominantly intense staining. Significant differences in the number of CD68+ cells and staining intensity were observed between the chronic periapical lesions analyzed. Conclusion: The presence of CD68+ cells in periapical tissues may indicate the development, maintenance and/or severity of the inflammation-mediated immune response, which is more intense in PG.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of Vimentin in Oral Submucous Fibrosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghanand T. Nayak ◽  
Anjali Singh ◽  
Rajiv S. Desai ◽  
S. S. Vanaki
Keyword(s):  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Vimentin Expression ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Precancerous Condition ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Tumour Differentiation

Background. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a precancerous condition, is characterized by abnormal accumulation of collagen fibers in oral submucosa. Vimentin is a Class 2 intermediate filament (IF) and primarily expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin. Vimentin is also found to be involved in cell growth, cell cycling, and tumour differentiation.Objective. The purpose of the study was to compare the expression of vimentin in various histological grades of OSF.Materials and Methods. To assess the immunohistochemical expression of vimentin in 20 mild cases of OSF, 20 severe cases of OSF, and ten cases of normal oral buccal mucosa.Results. The overall staining intensity of vimentin significantly increased statistically (P<0.01) in OSF cases over normal control. A significant increase in the staining intensity of vimentin was also noted in the fibroblasts of severe cases of OSF (P=0.03).Conclusion. Considering the marked vimentin expression in the present study, future studies should include cytoskeleton IF and other filaments in the fibroblasts of OSF.

415. Increased expression of an androgen receptor regulated gene, kit ligand, in polycystic ovaries

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
T. Hickey ◽  
A. Tuck ◽  
M. Butler ◽  
S. Jindal ◽  
T. Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Digital Pathology ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Kit Ligand ◽  
Thecal Cells

Polycystic ovaries (PCO) are induced by pathological or pharmacological female androgen excess, but the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in the pathogenesis of PCO is unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that PCO have increased expression of AR or kit ligand (KITL), a cytokine that was recently identified as a candidate AR-regulated gene in the ovary (1). Immunohistochemical analysis of AR and KITL expression was performed on archival paraffin-embedded sections of 8 morphologically normal and 8 polycystic ovaries from women under the age of 40 years. Stained sections were scanned with a NanoZoomer Digital Pathology System and immunoreactivity was qualitatively assessed using a 0-3+ scale, where 3+ represents the most intense staining. Electronic images of follicles at different stages of folliculogenesis were assessed by two independent observers who were blinded to the morphology of the source ovary. Each individual ovary contributed a minimum of 1 follicle per size class and a minimum of 10 follicles per size class were analysed. AR immunoreactivity was present in granulosa cells at all stages of folliculogenesis, in thecal cells of large antral follicles, and in the ovarian stroma. Staining intensity for AR did not differ between normal and polycystic ovaries. KITL expression, summarised in Table 1, was found to be significantly elevated in the oocytes of primordial and primary follicles and in the granulosa cells of follicles at all stages of folliculogenesis. These results show that AR expression is normal in PCO but expression of an AR-regulated gene is increased, potentially due to an excess of androgen hormone that is characteristic of women with PCO. Based on the roles of KITL established by murine studies, increased expression of KITL could explain many of the features of PCO including follicle excess, hyperthecosis and abnormal androgen secretion.

scholarly journals Protein citrullination as a source of cancer neoantigens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e002549
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Katayama ◽  
Makoto Kobayashi ◽  
Ehsan Irajizad ◽  
Alejandro Sevillarno ◽  
Nikul Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Mhc Ii

BackgroundCitrulline post-translational modification of proteins is mediated by protein arginine deiminase (PADI) family members and has been associated with autoimmune diseases. The role of PADI-citrullinome in immune response in cancer has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that PADI-mediated citrullinome is a source of neoantigens in cancer that induces immune response.MethodsProtein expression of PADI family members was evaluated in 196 cancer cell lines by means of indepth proteomic profiling. Gene expression was assessed using messenger RNA data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunohistochemical analysis of PADI2 and peptidyl-citrulline was performed using breast cancer tissue sections. Citrullinated 12–34-mer peptides in the putative Major Histocompatibility Complex-II (MHC-II) binding range were profiled in breast cancer cell lines to investigate the relationship between protein citrullination and antigen presentation. We further evaluated immunoglobulin-bound citrullinome by mass spectrometry using 156 patients with breast cancer and 113 cancer-free controls.ResultsProteomic and gene expression analyses revealed PADI2 to be highly expressed in several cancer types including breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of 422 breast tumor tissues revealed increased expression of PADI2 in ER− tumors (p<0.0001); PADI2 protein expression was positively correlated (p<0.0001) with peptidyl-citrulline staining. PADI2 expression exhibited strong positive correlations with a B cell immune signature and with MHC-II-bound citrullinated peptides. Increased circulating citrullinated antigen–antibody complexes occurred among newly diagnosed breast cancer cases relative to controls (p=0.0012).ConclusionsAn immune response associated with citrullinome is a rich source of neoantigens in breast cancer with a potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Stromal hyaluronan accumulation is associated with low immune response and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyösti Tahkola ◽  
Maarit Ahtiainen ◽  
Jukka-Pekka Mecklin ◽  
Ilmo Kellokumpu ◽  
Johanna Laukkarinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Immune Cell Score

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) accumulation has been associated with poor survival in various cancers, but the mechanisms for this phenomenon are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of stromal HA accumulation and its association with host immune response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The study material consisted of 101 radically treated patients for PDAC from a single geographical area. HA staining was evaluated using a HA-specific probe, and the patterns of CD3, CD8, CD73 and PD-L1 expression were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. HA staining intensity of tumour stromal areas was assessed digitally using QuPath. CD3- and CD8-based immune cell score (ICS) was determined. High-level stromal HA expression was significantly associated with poor disease-specific survival (p = 0.037) and overall survival (p = 0.013) In multivariate analysis, high-level stromal HA expression was an independent negative prognostic factor together with histopathological grade, TNM stage, CD73 positivity in tumour cells and low ICS. Moreover, high-level stromal HA expression was associated with low ICS (p = 0.017). In conclusion, stromal HA accumulation is associated with poor survival and low immune response in PDAC.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical analysis of ADAMTS-1, versican and pEGFR expressions in periapical granuloma and radicular cyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Marielly Gomes Batista ◽  
Antonia Taiane Lopes de Moraes ◽  
Karolyny Martins Balbinot ◽  
Osvaldo Rodrigues de Souza Neto ◽  
Juliana Melo da Silva Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Dental Follicle ◽  
Radicular Cyst ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Periapical Granuloma ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Abstract Background ADAMTS expression can be associated with several inflammatory processes, and has been correlated with tumorigenesis of some neoplasms, but its participation in the development of periapical lesions has not been investigated. Therefore, our objective was to verify the expression of ADAMTS-1, versican and pEGFR in Periapical Granuloma (PG) and in the Radicular Cyst (RC) since they are the most common lesions of the periapex. Methods 25 samples of RC and 10 of PG were used. As a control, 10 samples of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and 10 of dental follicle (DF) were used. The expression of these proteins was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Results In the epithelium of RC, IFH and DF, the expression of ADAMTS-1 was greater in DF than in RC (p < .001). Versicano showed greater expression in IFH than in RC, DF than in RC (p < .001). pEGFR showed greater expression in IFH and RC than in DF (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). In connective tissue, ADAMTS-1 expression was greater in PG and RC than in IFH and DF (p < .001). Versicano showed greater expression in PG, RC and IFH compared to DF (p < .001). In pEGFR there was a higher expression in PG when compared to RC, IFH and DF (p < .001). Greater immunostaining occurred in the RC than in the DF (p < .001). Conclusions Our results suggest that the studied proteins may participate in the pathogenesis of PG and RC, through the interaction of these proteins, in the remodeling of the ECM (versican) by ADAMTS-1, producing bioactive fragments, which could activate EGFR, contributing to the formation, growth and maintenance of injuries.

Detection of Protein Changes in Serum of Workers following Inhalation Exposure to Toluene Diisocyanate Vapors

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam B. Czuppon ◽  
Boleslaw Marczynski ◽  
Xaver Baur
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Challenge Tests

Serum samples of 10 workers undergoing occupational type inhalative challenge tests by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were investigated by anion-exchange fast-protein-liquid-chromatography (FPLC) and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (PAGE-SDS). Their serum chromatography profiles were compared to those of 20 unexposed individuals. The peak height of the first prealbumin peak in sera of workers after inhalative challenge tests was significantly different (p > 0, 01 Chi-square test) compared to that obtained before exposure and to that of unexposed subjects. In addition, qualitative changes of these peaks were also noted in sera of workers exposed to TDI. In the cases of exposed individuals, that peak was more diffuse with some shoulders and less symmetric in appearance. Similarly, PAGE-SDS of the serum proteins, followed by silver nitrate staining, revealed a different banding pattern after in vivo TDI exposure. One of the serum components at approximately 15 kD showed an increase of staining intensity after exposure (n = 10), compared to unexposed subjects or to patients before exposure. This serum fraction has not yet been identified. The results here demonstrate that it is possible to detect changes of serum proteins in TDI-exposed individuals within a relatively short analysis time. This could be useful for biological monitoring of exposure, since no method for such is yet available.

Diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: immunohistochemical analysis of the local host immune response

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GÓMEZ-MORALES ◽  
T. ALVARO ◽  
M. MUÑOZ ◽  
R. GARCIA DEL MORAL ◽  
D. AGUILAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Local Host

scholarly journals The internship dentists self confidence levels during root canal treatment procedures

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mazen Doumani ◽  
Adnan Habib ◽  
Abrar Alhababi ◽  
Ahmad Bashnakli ◽  
Enass Shamsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Self-confidence level assessment in newly graduated students is very important to evaluate the undergraduate endodontic courses. Objective: The aim of this study was to get information from internship dentists in Alfarabi dental college related to their confidence levels during root canal treatment procedures.Methods: Anonymous survey forms were sent to 150 internship dentists in Alfarbi dental college. They were asked to indicate their self-confidence level by Lickert’s scoring system ranging between 1 and 5.Results: Removal of broken instruments was determined as a procedure that was not experienced by 25.2% of the dentists. (44.6%) of dentists felt confident about taking radiographs during root canal treatment. 1.9 % of them reported as having very little confidence during retreatment. The irrigation was a procedure in which they felt very confident about (59.2%).Conclusion: The non-practiced endodontic procedure was clearly related to levels of self confidence among internship dentists; this means; a lot of studies in dental school should be performed to determine the weakness points or gaps in undergraduate endodontic courses.

scholarly journals Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2819
Author(s):  
Elena Colombino ◽  
Ilaria Biasato ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Sara Bellezza Oddon ◽  
Christian Caimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae as environmental enrichment on the mucin composition, local immune response and microbiota of broilers. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (six replicates/treatment; ten animals/replicate): (i) control (C); (ii) C+HI; (iii) C+TM. Live larvae were distributed based on 5% of the expected daily feed intake. At slaughter (39 days of age), samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (twelve animals/diet) were submitted to mucin histochemical evaluation. Expression of MUC-2 and cytokines was evaluated by rt-qPCR in jejunum. Mucin staining intensity was not influenced by diet (p > 0.05); however, this varied depending on the intestinal segment (p < 0.001). No significant differences were recorded for IL-4, IL-6 TNF-α, MUC-2 and INF-γ gene expression in jejunum, while IL-2 was lower in the TM group compared to HI and C (p = 0.044). Caecal microbiota showed higher abundance of Clostridium, Saccharibacteria and Victivallaceae in the HI group, while Collinsella was higher in the TM group. The results suggested that live insect larvae did not impair mucin composition or local immune response, and can slightly improve caecal microbiota by enhancing a minor fraction of short chain fatty acid-producing taxa.

scholarly journals IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF HER2 IN ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Michelon DE CARLI ◽  
Marta Pires da ROCHA ◽  
Luis Carlos Moreira ANTUNES ◽  
Renato Borges FAGUNDES
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Her2 Expression ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Her2 Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Location Methods

Background Worldwide, gastric cancer is the fourth cancer in incidence and the second most common cause of cancer death. Gastric cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages and very often diagnosed at advanced stages, determining a dismal prognosis. Expression of the HER2 gene has been identified in about 20% of gastric cancer cases, and its hyper-expression is associated with poor prognosis. Objective To investigate HER2 immunohistochemical expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and its relationship to the histological type and anatomic location. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of HER2 in a sample of 48 specimens of gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis were performed using avidin-biotin-peroxidase method with C-erb B2 (clone EP1045Y), as a primary antibody (Biocare Medical, USA). Standardized gastric adenocarcinoma‘s HER2 expression criteria has been used in the analysis of samples. Results There were seven cases with reactivity for HER2. Five were of intestinal-type while two cases were of mixed-type in which the expression occurred in the intestinal component. It was identified a significant association of HER2 expression in the intestinal subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma (P=0.003). Regarding the anatomical site, HER2 was positive in only one (16.6%) of the six proximal cases and six (14.28%) of the 42 distal cases (P=0.88). Conclusion HER2 immunoexpression was identified in 14.6% of the samples, and the expression was significantly associated to Lauren’s intestinal subtype.

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