Phosphorus requirement for juvenile jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) on a semi-purified diet

The aim of the present study was to determine the total phosphorus requirement in the diet of jundiá fry (Rhamdia quelen) in a semi-purified diet. A quantitative experimental research was carried out, using dehydrated albumin as a protein source, with the supplementation of monobasic sodium phosphate at different levels: 0.04; 0.30; 0.47 and 0.70% of total phosphorus (P). 160 fish with an average weight of 1.20 ± 0.53g were used in an experimental or completely randomized design, with four treatments and four replications. The experiment lasted 33 days. To determine the phosphorus requirements for juveniles, body chemical composition, bone mineral composition and productive performance parameters were evaluated. The body chemical composition only the levels of protein did not present significant difference (p˃0.05). The levels of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the bones increased linearly, with increased levels of phosphorus in the diet. Based on weight gain and total length, the requirement for phosphorus for juveniles of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) in a semipurified diet is between 0.53 - 0 5.8% of P-total.

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Fatty acid profile and lambs’ meat quality fed with different levels of crude glycerin replacing corn

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p2051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 2051

Author(s):

Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽

Mônica Chaves Françozo ◽

Agostinho Ludovico ◽

Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de Castro ◽

Marilice Zundt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Crude Glycerin ◽

Average Weight ◽

Total Lipids ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Margaric Acid ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Fatty Acids

This study aimed to evaluate the Texel lambs’ meat quality fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin (0, 7, 14, and 21% of dry matter) in the diet. Thirthy-two-two non-castrated male Texel lambs were used, with initial weight of 15.9 ± 4.1 kg, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight repetitions, per treatment. Upon reaching the average weight of 35 kg, the animals were slaughtered. The meat chemical composition was similar among treatments (P>0.05) and total lipids and crude protein presented averages of 3.47 and 20.05 g 100g -1, respectively. No changes in pH, marbling, color, and water loss under pressure were observed. The shear force did not change among treatments and the texture can be considered soft, with average values of 5.48 kgf. There was a linear (P0.05) were observed for the attributes flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance among treatments. Fatty acids in higher proportions in the meat lamb were to C18:1n-9 (1298.90 mg 100g-1), C16:0 (709.07 mg 100g-1) and C18:0 (433.30 mg 100g-1), with percentages of 42.72, 23.07 and 14.35%, respectively. Significant difference according to the glycerin level in the diet was observed only for the margaric acid (C17:0) with an increasing linear effect, reaching 58.95 mg 100g-1 muscle to the group with 21% crude glycerin, corresponding to 1.77% of total fatty acids. The other fatty acids did not change, and provided a satisfactory result for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), totaling about 6.1 mg 100 g-1 muscle, corresponding to 0.21% of total lipids. The use of glycerin in the diet for finishing lambs does not alter the characteristics of the meat, maintaining the product quality for consumption.

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The effect of red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on heat shock protein 70 and cortisol expression in strenuous exercise induced rats

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.17533.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Novita Sari Harahap ◽

Aznan Lelo ◽

Ambrosius Purba ◽

Awaluddin Sibuea ◽

Rina Amelia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Hsp70 Expression ◽

Average Weight ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Oxidative stress from exercise can contribute to damaging cells, increasing heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and suppressing the immune system in the body. This research aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of red-fleshed pitaya extract on HSP70 and cortisol expression in rats which were subjected to strenuous exercise. Methods: The subjects of this research were 32 Sprague Dawley male rats, aged 3 months, with an average weight of 200 g. Red-fleshed pitaya extract was obtained from methanol extraction process; a maceration technique was performed and the extract was concentrated using an air-drying method. Rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 were subjected to strenuous exercise and treated with distilled water only; while Groups 2, 3 and 4 were subjected to strenuous exercise and treated with 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight of red-fleshed pitaya extract, respectively. Strenuous exercises in rats was performed by intense swimming of 20 min/day, 3 days a week for 3 weeks. HSP70 expression and cortisol were measured with Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: There was a significant reduction of HSP70 (p=0.000) and cortisol expression (p=0.000) between the groups. Also, there was a significant difference in the average decreasing of HSP70 expression between group 4 and either groups 1 or 2 (p=0.000). However, a significant difference between groups 4 and 3 was not observed (p=0.813). Lastly, a significant difference was found in the average decrease of cortisol expression between groups 4 and 1 (p=0.000), 2 (p=0.000), and 3 (p=0.000) respectively. Conclusion: Red-fleshed pitaya is potential to be utilized as antioxidant to decrease the HSP70 and cortisol expression.

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Neuromuscular Blockade Does Not Decrease Oxygen Consumption or Energy Expenditure Beyond Sedation in the Mechanically Ventilated Child

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/088506669701200606 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 321-323

Author(s):

Robert L. Sheridan ◽

Kathy Prelack ◽

Stanislaw K. Szyfelbein

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Neuromuscular Blockade ◽

The Body ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Average Weight ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Expired Gas

Minimizing the high oxygen consumption and energy expenditure of the critically ill is an important therapeutic goal. This study was done to determine if neuromuscular blockade decreases oxygen consumption or energy expenditure more than sedation alone in the mechanically ventilated child. Twelve burned children, with an average age of 5.1- 1.6 yrs, average weight of 22.8 − 6.5 kg, and average burn size of 28.3 − 5.8% of the body surface, scheduled for a planned surgical procedure under general anesthesia were enrolled in this prospective self-controlled study. In conjunction with planned operative procedures and using an intravenous anesthetic technique, the children underwent expired gas collection before and after neuromuscular blockade was induced. Expired gas was collected and analyzed for the fractional concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were calculated. We found no significant difference in EE, VO2, VCO2, or RQ between the well-sedated and mechanically ventilated and the well-sedated, mechanically ventilated and paralyzed states. We therefore concluded that neuromuscular blockade does not decrease energy expenditure in the otherwise well-sedated burned child.

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Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Fitase Pada Ransum terhadap Berat Relatif Organ Pencernaan Ayam Broiler

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v12i2.201 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Meisji Liana Sari ◽

F. Gurki N Ginting

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

The Body ◽

Poultry Feed ◽

Average Weight ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Pancreas Weight

The effect of supplementation phytase enzyme into poultry feed on the relative weight of broiler's digestive organs ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to know the effect of enzim phytase supplementation on relative organ digestion broiler. The research was done for weeks at Animal Fees and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University in Mei to Juni 2008 utilized. A Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments {P0 (100% basal diet), P1 (100% basal diet + 500 FTU/kg), P2 (100% basal diet + 600 FTU/kg), P3 (100% basal diet + 700 FTU/kg), P4 (100% basal diet + 800 FTU/kg),P5 (100% basal diet + 900 FTU/kg)}. Each treatments was replicated for 3 times. The parameters are final body weight, (%) proventrikulus, (%) relatif intestine, (%) pancreas and (%) liver weigh broiler chickens . The research showed that adding enzim phytase has join no significant effect (P0.05) on the body, liver, proventrikulus, ventrikulus weight, bur it showed significant effect on relative intestines and pancreas weight (P0.05) of broiler chickens . the average weight of body weight was 1117.50-1873.00 gram, proventrikulus was 0,44-0,64% ventrikulus was 1.30-2.32%, intestine was 2.74-4.39%, pancreas was 0,21-0,32% and liver was 2,35-3.01%.

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EFFECT OF CALCIUM – PHOSPHOROUS WITH DIFFERENT RATIO ON NUTRIENT RETENSION AND CHANGES THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TIGER SHRIMP JUVENILE (Penaeus monodon FABR.)

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v4i2.7783 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zainuddin Zainuddin

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Nutrient Retention ◽

Average Weight ◽

Tiger Shrimp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Calcium And Phosphorus ◽

Juvenile Shrimp

Calcium and phosphorous are two important minerals because of their functions for growth and bone mineralization as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms. The study purposes were to determine the effects of calcium and phosphorus with different ratios of nutrient retention and chemical composition changes of juvenile shrimp body. Organism used in this experiment were juvenile tiger prawns with an average weight of 3.43 ± 0.05 g/fish. Stocking density was 6 fish per aquarium (size 60cmx50cmx40cm). This research was formulated according to completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments applied were the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in shrimp food i.e., A (Ca/P=1:0,5), B (Ca/P=1:1,0), C (Ca/P=1:1.5) and D (Ca/P=1:2,0 ). Food was served four times per day i.e. 07.00 AM, 11.00 AM, 15.00 PM, and 21.00 PM.. The juvenile tiger prawns maintained for 8 weeks. The results showed that calcium and phosphorus with different ratios in the diet did not give effect to the retention of nutrients include protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus. While the provision of calcium and phosphorus in different ratios to changes in body chemical composition includes protein, fat and ash content of juvenile tiger prawns have a significant effect except for crude fiber and BETN not significant. The result indicated that the ratio of Ca and P with a value of 1:1.0 to 1:1.5 gave better effect in changing the chemical composition of juvenile shrimp body.Keywords: tiger shrimp juvenile, retention of nutrients, chemical composition

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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield contributing character, biomass yield and nutritive value of cowpea forage

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9680 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 39 (1-2) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

MR Hasan ◽

MA Akbar ◽

ZH Khandaker ◽

MM Rahman

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Height ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Forage Production ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on the yield contributing characteristics, biomass yield and nutritive values of cowpea forage. Five nitrogen levels viz: 0 (T0), 15 (T1), 20 (T2), 25 (T3) and 30 (T0) kg N/ha were applied in 20 plots in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer had significant (P<0.01) effect on plant height and highest plant height (96.25 cm) was observed at 25 kgN/ha. However, application of nitrogen fertilizer from urea did not show any significant effect on branching of plant. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly (P<0.01) increased the green, dry and organic matter, and crude protein yield of cowpea forage. No significant difference (P>0.01) among the groups for chemical composition of cowpea forage was observed due to increasing rate of N fertilizer. Similarly, N fertilization had no affect on OM digestibility and ME content of cowpea forage. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that the application of N at the rate of 25 Kg N/ha could be used for cowpea forage production. Key words: Cowpea; Nitrogen fertilizer; Yield; Chemical composition; Nutritive value DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9680 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 83-88

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Effectiveness Test of Soursop Leaf Extract and Papaya Leaf Extract Combination Against Spodoptera litura on Chili Plants in Tobelo City

Agrikan Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan ◽

10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.253-259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 253

Author(s):

Nonice Manikome ◽

Morina Handayani

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

The Body ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Initial Symptoms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

In terms of control, various natural chemical compounds derived from plants can be used. Like papaya and soursop leaves, the formulation of the problem is whether the combination of soursop leaf extract and papaya leaf extract is effective in controlling S. litura pests and what is the most effective extract concentration. This study used a completely randomized design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Observation variables included symptoms, morphological changes and mortality, the results were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) 5% test. The initial symptoms that were seen one day after application of the combination were morphological changes in the test larvae. Such as damage to the body of the larva, change in color, then the larva's body shrinks, when touched the larvae easily fall. The highest mortality was found at the extract concentration of 20% with a mortality rate of 64.79% on the second day. The results showed that the high mortality rate was closely related to the high toxicity contained in the 20% extract concentration. It was concluded that the results of the effectiveness test of the combination of papaya leaf extract and soursop leaf extract were effective. Suggestions for the use of natural materials that are easily available can be used as an alternative to control pests that are environmentally friendly. Furthermore, it is suggested that if you want to increase mortality, you can try increasing the extract concentration.

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The Effect Of Lemon (Citrus Limon L.) Extract On Mortality Of Aedes Sp. and Potential As Repellent

JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI DAN SAINS (PENBIOS) ◽

10.51673/penbios.v5i02.294 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (02) ◽

pp. 50-56

Author(s):

Suharno Zen ◽

Agus Sutanto ◽

Afiatur Rohmah

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Lemon Peel ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Treatment Dose ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Difference Test ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Peel Extract

Lemon (Citrus limon L.) is a plant with a peel type that contains phytochemical compounds namely flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and limonenes that can be used as plant-based insecticides. The contents of these chemical compounds have the ability to kill mosquitoes, and act as respiratory poisons and stomach poisons for the mosquitoes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the extract of lemon peel (Citrus limon L) On the mortality of Aedes sp. and to determine its potential as a repellent. This type of research used in thisstudy was an experiment using a completely randomized design study (CRD) which was carried out using 3 variations of the treatment dose of lemon peel extract (Citrus limon L) namely 25%, 27.5%, and 30%and controls (+) and (-). Data collection was carried out by looking at and recording mortality / deaths from Aedes sp. after being given treatment and observing mosquitoes on the body of mice and counting the number of mosquitoes that using the Protection Power formula. Data were statistically tested using One Way Anova and continued with LSD (Least Significant Difference) test. The results obtained by the value of Fcount ˃ table is 0.484 at the level of α = 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that there is a significantinfluence of each treatment. The best effective dose is 30% with 50 mosquitoes dead. The highest protection power at a concentration of 30% was 97.3%, while the lowest protective power at a concentration of 25% was 77.1%.

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The Suitability of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal Supplementation to Commercial Diets on the Growth and Survival of Oreochromis niloticus Fry

JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research ◽

10.7719/jpair.v27i1.456 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Romeo D. Caturao ◽

Michel R. Atilano ◽

Rexie B. Urbina

Keyword(s):

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Average Length ◽

Fish Nutrition ◽

Average Weight ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Commercial Diet ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Commercial Diets ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference

Proper fish nutrition and adequate feeding are necessary for high fish production. The study was conducted to determine the suitability of M. oleifera leaf meal supplementation to commercial diets on the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus fry until fingerling size. Seven experimental diets were used with three replicates each arranged in a complete randomized design. Treatments 1, 3 and 5 were given commercial diets only, treatments 2, 4, and 6 with 10% M. oleifera leaves and 90% commercial diets. Treatment 7 was the control with rice bran. Each treatment was stocked with 50 fry with an average weight of 1.76+0.112 and an average length of 47.65+1.78 and feed for two months. Data gathered were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA to determine significant difference among treatments. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to determine the significant difference between treatment means. All test used 0.05 level of significance. Results showed significant differences among treatments. Treatment 4 had the highest average weight of 6.83+0.145 g, an average length of 65.97+0.251 mm, and survival rate of 86.0+2.646% after eight weeks of culture. Growth and survival of Oreochromis niloticus could be enhanced by adding 10% dried M. oleifera leaf meal supplementation to commercial diet.

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Pengukuran Kecernaan Protein Kasar, Serat Kasar, Lemak Kasar, Dan Energi Pada Pakan Komersial Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) Dengan Menggunakan Teknik Pembedahan [Digestibility Value Of Crude Fiber And Nitrogen Free Extract (Nfe) For Different Commercial Feed In Gouramy (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) Using Surgical Technique]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v6i1.11384 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agustono Agustono

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

The Body ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Water Contact ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Commercial Feed ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Value Measurement

Abstract Gouramy (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) belongs to a group of freshwater fish that have an important economic value and has been cultivated as other economic fish. Increase of biomass production in an aquaculture should consider feeding factors. Not every components in the feed can be absorbed in the digestive process. Parts that can not be absorbed by the body will be issued in the form of the feces so it can be determined the value of the digestibility of a feed material. Crude fiber and nitrogen free extract (NFE) digestibilty value is kind of nutrition that can be determinated. This study aims to determine the digestibility value of crude fiber and nitrogen free extract (NFE) in different commercial feed mills in gouramy (Osphronemus goramy Lac.). This study used 3 treatments, P1 ( commercial feed A), P2 (commercial feed B) and P3 (commercial feed C) with 6 replications. Digestibility value measurement method used was taking feces with surgical techniques. Feces retrieval method aims to minimize water contact with feces. The research design used in this study is completely randomized design. Observed variables are digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Based on the results of the study can be seen that in the used of diffetent commercial feed there is no significant difference (p> 0.05) on the digestibility value of crude fiber and nitrogen free extract.

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