Species Diversity of selected Flora and Fauna in the river Yamuna at Kalpi (U.P.) India

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Ankistrodesmus Falcatus ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Phormidium Uncinatum ◽  
River Yamuna ◽  
One Year ◽  
Water Species

To evaluate the pollution status species diversity of selected flora and fauna of the Yamuna river at Kalpi stretch was studied for a period of one year. Four sampling stations were selected for sampling purpose. Collected samples are evaluated for flora and fauna specially phytoplankton, aquatic macrophytes, zooplankton and fishes. Selected flora and fauna of studied water are presented by phytoplankton members of Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae, aquatic macrophytes of 8 families, zooplankton members of Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda and fishes of 10 families. In these recorded species of different groups of flora and fauna, some pollution indicator species like Scenedesmus quadricauda, Stigeoclonium tenue,Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlorella vulgaris, Euglena viridis, Synedra ulna, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Navicula viridula, Nitzschia, Oscillatoria limosa, O. tenuis, O. chlorina, Phormidium uncinatum,Microcystis aeruginosa of phytoplanton, Eichhornea, Potamogeton and Cyperus species of aquatic macrophytes, Brachionus species and Keratella species of zooplankton and Clarias batrachus fish are also presented along with clean water species. Presence of both pollution indicator and clean water species show that water of Yamuna river at Kalpi stretch is moderately polluted. Sustaining the diversity of flora and fauna it is necessary to maintain living status of this river.

scholarly journals PENGHITUNGAN KREDIT PAJAK MASUKAN PKP YANG MELAKUKAN PENYERAHAN YANG TERUTANG PPN DAN YANG DIBEBASKAN (STUDI PADA PDAM TIRTA PATRIOT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Rizqi Haniyah ◽  
Asqolani Asqolani
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Water Value ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
One Year

Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) pada umumnya memiliki dua jenis penghasilan yaitu layanan penyediaan air bersih sebagai sumber utama penghasilannya dan penghasilan non air. Air bersih baik yang bisa diminum atau tidak, merupakan Barang Kena Pajak yang dibebaskan dari pengenaan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 40 Tahun 2015. Disamping itu, perusahaan juga memiliki penghasilan lain yang secara ketentuan perpajakan terutang pemungutan PPN. Namun di sisi lain, terdapat permasalahan terkait Pajak Masukan yang seharusnya tidak dapat dikreditkan seluruhnya karena terdapat penyerahan yang terutang pajak namun tidak dapat diketahui dengan pasti. Oleh sebab itu jumlah Pajak Masukan yang dapat dikreditkan untuk penyerahan yang terutang pajak dihitung dengan menggunakan pedoman yang diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 135/PMK.011/2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang ditujukan untuk memperoleh data dan fakta tentang kasus pengkreditan Pajak Masukan dengan menggunakan data primer yaitu wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Studi Kepustakaan (Library Research) dan Studi Lapangan (Field Research). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya Pajak Masukan yang seharusnya tidak seluruhnya dikreditkan karena terdapat penyerahan yang digunakan secara bersama-sama untuk menghasilkan air bersih (BKP yang dibebaskan) dan penerimaan non air bersih (BKP) dan tidak dapat diketahui secara pasti jumlahnya. Pengkreditannya seharusnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan penghitungan kembali Pajak Masukan berdasarkan perkiraan setelah diketahui nilai penyerahan terutang dan tidak terutang Pajak Pertambahan Nilai dibebaskan selama satu tahun.Kata kunci: Pengkreditan Pajak Masukan, Air Bersih, Pajak Pertambahan Nilai, Barang Kena Pajak Dibebaskan. AbstractThe company of Regional Drinking Water (PDAM) generally has two types of income, namely the clean water supply service as the main source income and non-water income. Clean water that can be drunk or not, is a taxable good that is exempt from the imposition of value added tax according to government regulation number 40 year 2015. On the other hand, the company also has other income that is based on taxation payable VAT. But there are issues related to input tax that should not be credited entirely because there is a tax payable submission but cannot be identified with certainty. Therefore, the amount of input tax which can be credited for the value-added reporting is calculated using the guidelines governed by the Ministry of Finance regulation No. 135/PMK. 011/2014. This Research uses qualitative methods aimed at obtaining data and facts about the case of tax crediting of inputs using primary data i.e. interviews. The data collection techniques used in the study Library Research and field research. The conclusion of the study is that the input tax for some inventories should not be fully credited because they are used to produce clean water (freetax) and non-water income (taxable goods) and can not be exactly identified. The credit should be made by using an estimated tax return calculation after all the income is reported for one year. Keywords: Input tax, Clean Water, Value Added Tax, Free-Taxable Goods.

The Life History and Post Embryonic Development of the Copepods, Calanus tonsus Brady and Euchaeta japonica Marukawa

1934 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Deep Water Species ◽  
One Year ◽  
Development Proceeds ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Reserve Food

Calanus tonsus Brady is an abundant, deep water species in the strait of Georgia. Development is characterized by a distinct metamorphosis and the six nauplius and six copepodid stages are described. The life cycle extends over one year and breeding occurs in the spring at the surface. The nauplii and early copepodid stages are soon replaced by stage V which dominates the plankton from May to December. C. tonsus exists as an adult for approximately two months—January and February. Maturity is accompanied by marked degeneration of the mouth parts in both sexes, death following shortly. The retrograde development appears associated with a change in habits. Stage V stores up reserve food, and the mature females with the disappearance of feeding devices depend upon this accumulated food during the reproductive period. Euchaeta japonica Marukawa occurs in limited numbers in the deep water of the strait of Georgia. It undergoes a similar metamorphosis to C. tonsus and the twelve stages are described. There is no definite spawning period but reproduction occurs throughout the year in deep water where development proceeds. Several broods may be produced by one female but the males are believed to die shortly after copulation. The nauplii differ from those of C. tonsus due to larger size, slight increase in length from stage I to stage VI and retarded development of the appendages. The conspicuous feature of the copepodid development is the extreme degeneration of the male mouth parts.

scholarly journals Species Diversity and Structure of Wing Scales of Euploea and Papilio Butterflies from Phromlaeng, Nam Nao National Park, Phetchabun Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Sukhum RUANGCHAI ◽  
Sirikamon PHLAI-NGAM ◽  
Nisarat TUNGPAIROJWONG
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Structural Coloration ◽  
Reticular Pattern ◽  
Wing Scale ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
One Year ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Wing Scales

This study focuses on species diversity of butterflies in the genera Euploea and Papilio in Nam Nao National Park. The butterflies were investigated every month for one year using insect nets. A total of 11 species, belonging to 2 genera and 2 families, were found. These were E. algea, E. camaralzeman, E. core, E. midamus, E. mulciber, E. radamanthus, E. sylvester, P. helenus, P. memnon, P. nephelus, and P. paris. The structure of the wing scales in different colour areas of 9 species was studied using a stereo microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The general structure of the wing scales of the butterflies of genus Euploea, independent of the colour it produces, is of longitudinal ridges, composed of tilted scutes, cross ribs that connect the ridges, and trabeculae, which link the cross ribs to the membrane of the wing scale’s upper lamina. In the Papilio species, there are 2 types of wing scales: one that exhibits blue-green iridescence and has wide-spaced ridges with concavities in between; and one displaying white, black, yellow, and red and has smaller widths between the ridges, with the space in between them containing a reticular pattern of cross ribs. The study of the wing scale microstructure of the butterflies in the Euploea and Papilio genera indicates that the patterns of the wing scale structure are genus-specific and that, despite showing similar colours, the wing scales are equipped with different mechanisms exemplifying diversity in structural coloration in nature.

An Integrated Study of the Yamuna River Basin to Set Up a Reference Condition Using an Archival Data Set of the 20th Century by Geospatial Technology

2022 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Uma Shanker ◽  
Peeyush Gupta ◽  
Athar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reference Condition ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Data Set ◽  
River Yamuna ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

The River Yamuna is one of the most prominent and sacred rivers of India. Due to the unaccounted discharge from many anthropogenic activities and industrialization in the basin, the deterioration of the river with respect to time is at its maximum. Periodical analysis is essential for remediation of the causes and the source. The study has been undertaken using GIS technology to understand the variations being taken place in the past decades. The transformation in the physical and geographical characteristics, during the years since 1980-81, of the Yamuna River Basin has been analyzed and converted into digital GIS domain in terms of maps and charts. The reference condition of the basin has been set up and utilized in order to identify the change in land use and land cover of the river premises around Delhi and its neighbouring states. The vegetation analysis with respect to climatic conditions and water quality deterioration has also been assessed in the present study.

Implementation of electre methods in determining for recipient candidate for pamsimas program in district pringsewu

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.27) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Rita Irviani ◽  
Siti Mukodimah ◽  
Muhammad Muslihudin ◽  
Trisnawati .
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The People ◽  
Electre Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year

Community-based Water Drinking Supply and Sanitation is one of the programs implemented by the Government of Indonesia with the support of the World Bank. One of the government targets under the RPJPN 2015-2019 is that Indonesia can provide drinking water and sanitation services for the people of Indonesia. The ELECTRE method is chosen because it is able to select the best alternative from the existing alternatives. This research used seven criteria as reference in determining for recipient candidate for PAMSIMAS program. The number of incidents of diarrheal diseases in one year (number of incidents), the number of people who have not used safe drinking water (individual), the number of people who have not used the toilet, the financial ability of the region, the income of the villagers, the distance of the source of clean water from the settlement, the availability of clean water. In addition to the criteria is also used the quality of the criteria to determine the best alternative and from the calculation of the alternative obtained the greatest value contained in A4 with value E = 4 and alternative A5 with the value E =4 thereby alternatives 4 and 5 are viable alternatives to the prospective recipient villages of the PAMSIMAS program in Pringsewu district.  

How to inventory tropical flies (Diptera)—One of the megadiverse orders of insects

Zootaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3949 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
ART BORKENT ◽  
BRIAN V. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Prepared Material ◽  
Biodiversity Inventories ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Tropics

A new approach to inventory Diptera species in tropical habitats is described. A 150 x 266 m patch of cloud forest at Zurquí de Moravia, Costa Rica (10.047N, 84.008W) at 1585 meters asl was sampled with two Malaise traps for slightly more than one year (Sept. 12, 2012–Oct. 18, 2013). Further concomitant sampling with a variety of trapping methods for three days every month and collecting during a one-week intensive "Diptera Blitz", with 19 collaborators collecting on-site, provided diverse additional samples used in the inventory. Two other Costa Rican sites at Tapantí National Park (9.720N, 83.774W, 1600 m) and Las Alturas (8.951N, 82.834W, 1540 m), 40 and 180 km southeast from Zurquí de Moravia, respectively, were each sampled with a single Malaise trap to allow for beta-diversity assessments. Tapantí National Park was sampled from Oct. 28, 2012–Oct. 13, 2013 and Las Alturas from Oct. 13, 2012–Oct. 13, 2013. A worldwide group of 54 expert systematists are identifying to species level all 72 dipteran families present in the trap samples. Five local technicians sampled and prepared material to the highest curatorial standards, ensuring that collaborator efforts were focused on species identification. This project, currently in its final, third year of operation (to end Sept. 1, 2015), has already recorded 2,348 species and with many more yet expected. Unlike previous All Taxon Biodiversity Inventories, this project has attainable goals and will provide the first complete estimate of species richness for one of the four megadiverse insect orders in a tropical region.        Considering that this is the first complete survey of one of the largest orders of insects within any tropical region of the planet, there is clearly great need for a consistent and feasible protocol for sampling the smaller but markedly more diverse smaller insects in such ecosystems. By weight of their species diversity and remarkable divergence of habit, the Diptera are an excellent model to gauge microhabitat diversity within such systems. Our model appears to be the first to provide a protocol that can realistically be expected to provide a portrayal of the true species diversity of a megadiverse order of insects in the tropics. 

scholarly journals Brackish water Oscillatoriaceae from North 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Nurmohammad Naskar ◽  
K.R. Naskar ◽  
C.R. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Brackish Water Species ◽  
Water Species

The present communication enumerates 40 taxa of Oscillatoriaceae from the brackish water wetlands of North 24-Parganas district of West Bengal. Out of the reported taxa, 12 are from each of Lyngbya and Oscillatoria, 6 from each of Phormidium and Spirulina, 2 belong to Schizothrix, and Hydrocoleum and Katagnymene are represented by one species each. A close relationship was observed between seasonal water temperature and salinity levels of the wetlands in enhancing algal population.Keywords: Brackish water, species diversity, ecosystem, Oscillatoriaceae, North 24-Parganas, West BengalDOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v15i1.909Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 15(1): 31-38, 2008 (June) 

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