Operator's Reliability During Spacecraft Docking Training on Board Mir and ISS

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 541-549
Author(s):  
Bernd Johannes ◽  
Sergey V. Bronnikov ◽  
Juri A. Bubeev ◽  
Tatyana I. Kotrovskaya ◽  
Daria V. Shastlivtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
International Space ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Effort

BACKGROUND: The experimental research PILOT on board the space stations aimed to assess cosmonauts expectable reliability in a mission relevant operation, the manual docking of Soyuz or Progress spacecrafts on the space stations Mir and International Space Station (ISS), respectively.METHOD: Therefore, a simulation of the docking of two space apparatuses was used for training and research. The methodological approach is described, taking into consideration the level of performance and the individual effort spent, the psychophysiological costs. In three decades altogether 32 cosmonauts took part.RESULTS: A significant increase of reliability was found from Mir (0.45 scores) to ISS missions (0.51). On ISS the reliability remained stable (0.50 0.1).DISCUSSION: Salnitskis model for the evaluation of operators reliability was further developed and tested, which turned out to be sensitive as well as robust enough for a practical application in this critical operational task.Johannes B, Bronnikov SV, Bubeev JA, Kotrovskaya TI, Shastlivtseva DV, Piechowski S, Hoermann H-J, Jordan J. Operators reliability during spacecraft docking training on board Mir and ISS. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):541549.

scholarly journals The astrobiological mission EXPOSE-R on board of the International Space Station

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Rabbow ◽  
Petra Rettberg ◽  
Simon Barczyk ◽  
Maria Bohmeier ◽  
Andre Parpart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Orbit Space ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
International Space ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Space Conditions

AbstractEXPOSE-R flew as the second of the European Space Agency (ESA) EXPOSE multi-user facilities on the International Space Station. During the mission on the external URM-D platform of the Zvezda service module, samples of eight international astrobiology experiments selected by ESA and one Russian guest experiment were exposed to low Earth orbit space parameters from March 10th, 2009 to January 21st, 2011. EXPOSE-R accommodated a total of 1220 samples for exposure to selected space conditions and combinations, including space vacuum, temperature cycles through 273 K, cosmic radiation, solar electromagnetic radiation at >110, >170 or >200 nm at various fluences up to GJ m−2. Samples ranged from chemical compounds via unicellular organisms and multicellular mosquito larvae and seeds to passive radiation dosimeters. Additionally, one active radiation measurement instrument was accommodated on EXPOSE-R and commanded from ground in accordance with the facility itself. Data on ultraviolet radiation, cosmic radiation and temperature were measured every 10 s and downlinked by telemetry and data carrier every few months. The EXPOSE-R trays and samples returned to Earth on March 9th, 2011 with Shuttle flight, Space Transportation System (STS)-133/ULF 5, Discovery, after successful total mission duration of 27 months in space. The samples were analysed in the individual investigators laboratories. A parallel Mission Ground Reference experiment was performed on ground with a parallel set of hardware and samples under simulated space conditions following to the data transmitted from the flight mission.

Human factors assessment of International Space Station (ISS) medical equipment packs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Paige Smith ◽  
Vicky E. Byrne ◽  
Cynthia Hudy ◽  
Mihriban Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space

Dose Tracker Application for Collecting Medication Use Data from International Space Station Crew

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia. E. Wotring ◽  
LaRona K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
International Space ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Usability Feedback

INTRODUCTION: There are knowledge gaps in spaceflight pharmacology with insufficient in-flight data to inform future planning. This effort directly addressed in-mission medication use and also informed open questions regarding spaceflight-associated changes in pharmacokinetics (PK) and/or pharmacodynamics (PD).METHODS: An iOS application was designed to collect medication use information relevant for research from volunteer astronaut crewmembers: medication name, dose, dosing frequency, indication, perceived efficacy, and side effects. Leveraging the limited medication choices aboard allowed a streamlined questionnaire. There were 24 subjects approved for participation.RESULTS: Six crewmembers completed flight data collection and five completed ground data collection before NASA’s early study discontinuation. There were 5766 medication use entries, averaging 20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week. Types of medications and their indications were similar to previous reports, with sleep disturbances and muscle/joint pain as primary drivers. Two subjects treated prolonged skin problems. Subjects also used the application in unanticipated ways: to note drug tolerance testing or medication holiday per research protocols, and to share data with flight surgeons. Subjects also provided usability feedback on application design and implementation.DISCUSSION: The volume of data collected (20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week) is much greater than was collected previously (<12 per person per entire mission), despite user criticisms regarding app usability. It seems likely that improvements in a software-based questionnaire application could result in a robust data collection tool that astronauts find more acceptable, while simultaneously providing researchers and clinicians with useful data.Wotring VE, Smith LK. Dose tracker application for collecting medication use data from International Space Station crew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):41–45.

The «Obstanovka» experiment aboard the International Space Station

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Klimov ◽  
◽  
V.Ye. Korepanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space
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