THE SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION OF THE FORENSIC LABORATORY: THE CONCEPT AND PATTERNS OF CHANGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
ELENA CHESNOKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Accreditation Body ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Flexible Scope ◽  
Calibration Laboratories

The purpose of the research work is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the «flexible» field of accreditation of forensic laboratories and the field of accreditation that has a rigid range. The development of standardization in forensic science, including the expansion of the number of forensic laboratories that build their activities in accordance with the requirements of the international standard GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 «General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories», encourages us to pay attention to this issue again. In the course of the study, the following conclusions were formulated. Insufficient clarity in defining the «flexible» scope of accreditation and differences in the understanding of its boundaries by the accreditation body, the forensic laboratory and the customer can lead to abuse by individual laboratories and the development of unfair competition. This argument in favor of abandoning the «flexible» field of accreditation for forensic laboratories seems to be much more weighty than the listed advantages of its practical application.

scholarly journals Sub-theory of Standardization of Forensic Activity in the General Theory of Forensic Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
E. V. Chesnokova
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Calibration Laboratories ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Theoretical Developments

The article presents the main provisions of the sub-theory of standardization in the forensic expert activity, its place in the theoretical foundations of forensic expertology, and its relationship with other sub-theories of this science.The author defines the concepts of the subject, the object of the standardization sub-theory in forensic activity, highlights its specifics. The article emphasizes the favorable impact on the development of domestic standardization in forensic activities of foreign experience in the implementation of theoretical developments on standardization, including the formation of a hierarchy of its standards. It is shown that for the development of the sub-theory of standardization in forensic science, it is advisable to use the results of the introduction of standardization mechanisms in the practice of accredited forensic laboratories under the international standard GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”, taking into account the theoretical foundations of forensic science.

ARCHITECTURE OF THE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE FOR A SERVICE ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Titarev ◽  
Andrey Serikov ◽  
Sergei Krivtsanov
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Management Software ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The paper provides an overview of the architectures for the repair and maintenance management software package for a service enterprise. As part of the research work, asset management (EAM) and service management (ITSM) methodologies were studied. Three different architectures for the designed software package are proposed, their descriptions, advantages and disadvantages are given.

scholarly journals Different Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading in Photovoltaic Panels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3863
Author(s):  
Tiago Alves ◽  
João Paulo N. Torres ◽  
Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas ◽  
Carlos A. F. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pv Panel

The effect of partial shading in photovoltaic (PV) panels is one of the biggest problems regarding power losses in PV systems. When the irradiance pattern throughout a PV panel is inequal, some cells with the possibility of higher power production will produce less and start to deteriorate. The objective of this research work is to present, test and discuss different techniques to help mitigate partial shading in PV panels, observing and commenting the advantages and disadvantages for different PV technologies under different operating conditions. The motivation is to contribute with research, simulation, and experimental work. Several state-of-the-artsolutions to the problem will be presented: different topologies in the interconnection of the panels; different PV system architectures, and also introducing new solution hypotheses, such as different cell interconnections topologies. Alongside, benefits and limitations will be discussed. To obtain actual results, the simulation work was conducted by creating MATLAB/Simulink models for each different technique tested, all centered around the 1M5P PV cell model. The several techniques tested will also take into account different patterns and sizes of partial shading, different PV panel technologies, different values of source irradiation, and different PV array sizes. The results will be discussed and validated by experimental tests.

scholarly journals Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of the Location Methods of International Auricular Acupuncture Points

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Jing Rong ◽  
Jing-Jun Zhao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Li-Qun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Research Quality ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Location Method ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
International Standardization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Auricular Therapy ◽  
Location Methods

The international standardization of auricular acupuncture points (AAPs) is an important basis for auricular therapy or auricular diagnosis and treatment. The study on the international standardization of AAPs has gone through a long process, in which the location method is one of the key research projects. There are different points of view in the field of AAPs among experts from different countries or regions. By only analyzing the nine representative location methods, this paper tried to offer a proper location method to locate AAPs. Through analysis of the pros and cons of each location method, the location method applied in the WFAS international standard of AAPs is thoroughly considered as an appropriate method. It is important to keep the right direction during developing an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) international standard of auricular acupuncture points and to improve the research quality of international standardization for AAPs.

scholarly journals Giant Cell Tumor of Bone, current treatments, and potential therapeutic alternatives

2020 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Tumor ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Malignant Degeneration ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Primary Bone Tumor ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a primary bone tumor, locally aggressive. For many, a GCTB is considered a tumor with an unpredictable behavior, particularly regarding recurrences, pulmonary implants, and the possibility of primary malignancy. In terms of risk of recurrence, it is known that it is associated with the type of treatment used initially for the GCTB. The greater the number or recurrences, the greater the risk of pulmonary implants, and the greater the risk of malignant degeneration. Therefore, much of the prognosis of this tumor could be related to the type of initial treatment. Hence the importance of the treatment theme. This review includes a comparison between the various modalities for treatment in GCTB, considering the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Existing GCTB treatments are not 100% safe and effective at the same time. and this is the reason why the search for other treatment modalities should continue to offer a better oncologic and functional outcome to patients. In the end of this review, based on research work, we also mention other possible therapeutic options that could be explored and used in the future for GCT treatment.

scholarly journals Induction Generator Characterization for a Medium and Low Power Aerogenerator

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (54) ◽  
pp. e10900
Author(s):  
Julián Esteban Camacho-Quintana ◽  
Jorge Enrique Salamanca-Céspedes ◽  
Adriana Patricia Gallego-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Machine Analysis

The following paper was part of the research work of the GEOM Seed Plant, which develops medium and low power wind generators. The aim was to develop proposals of prototypes that contribute with innovation and research to the development of non-conventional renewable energies. We studied the behavior of an electric induction generator in order to implement it in a low and medium power wind generator, the study was characterized by using two points of view: theoretical machine analysis and virtual implementation with software-level technological tools such as Simulink. The resulting model meets the climatological conditions of the city of Bogotá, where there are ideal conditions for the exploitation of wind energy, taking the concept of total available power as reference for the analysis of the generator. The electrical and application advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. Finally, it was determined, based on the analysis processes, that the use of an induction machine is more convenient compared to a synchronous one, in order to perform future implementations that are optimal and efficient and support the study and development process of non-conventional renewable energies, particularly wind energy.

Sampling in Research

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Never Mujere
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Size Determination ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Needed Information ◽  
Different Types

Research is aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. A sample provides needed information about the population quickly. However, there is no guarantee that any sample will be precisely representative of the population from which it comes. It is cheaper to observe a part rather than the whole. This chapter is a discussion on sampling in research and it is mainly designed to equip researchers with knowledge of the general issues to consider when sampling. The purpose of sampling in research, dangers of sampling and how to minimize them, types of sampling and guides for deciding the sample size are discussed. For a clear flow of ideas, a few definitions of the terms used are given. They highlight the types and methods of sampling, sampling errors and discusses techniques of sample size determination. Different types of sampling technique, how to carry them out, and their advantages and disadvantages are also introduced.

18. Protection of databases

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-355
Author(s):  
Ian J. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Database Right ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
The Law

Databases form a vitally important part of the information society. The traditional approach in the United Kingdom has been to protect their contents as compilations under the law of copyright. This contrasts with the approach adopted in civil law states which have historically required a more significant qualitative element as a condition for the award of copyright than has been the case in the United Kingdom. Databases would not meet this requirement – although many states would offer protection under unfair competition laws. The European Union’s database directive strikes something of a compromise between the two approaches. The chapter will consider the extent of the sui generis database right and consider its practical application in the, albeit limited, number of cases in which it has been considered by the courts.

scholarly journals Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Techniques Based on Deep Learning: A Review

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Changqi Sun ◽  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Naixue Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Visible Image ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fusion Methods ◽  
Future Work

Infrared and visible image fusion technologies make full use of different image features obtained by different sensors, retain complementary information of the source images during the fusion process, and use redundant information to improve the credibility of the fusion image. In recent years, many researchers have used deep learning methods (DL) to explore the field of image fusion and found that applying DL has improved the time-consuming efficiency of the model and the fusion effect. However, DL includes many branches, and there is currently no detailed investigation of deep learning methods in image fusion. In this work, this survey reports on the development of image fusion algorithms based on deep learning in recent years. Specifically, this paper first conducts a detailed investigation on the fusion method of infrared and visible images based on deep learning, compares the existing fusion algorithms qualitatively and quantitatively with the existing fusion quality indicators, and discusses various fusions. The main contribution, advantages, and disadvantages of the algorithm. Finally, the research status of infrared and visible image fusion is summarized, and future work has prospected. This research can help us realize many image fusion methods in recent years and lay the foundation for future research work.

The Research of PWM Controlling Capacitance SVC Based on RB-IGBT

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 3970-3975
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Wen Han Chen ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
Jia Xin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Reactive Power Compensation ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Compensation Principle ◽  
New Type

At first, this paper compared the present some advantages and disadvantages of reactive power compensation devices, and analysis the disadvantages of these devices in practical application deficiencies, then put forward a new kind of reactive power compensation principle. With the development of power electronic devices, this paper put forward a new type of reactive power compensation which based on RB-IGBT of SVC mode, synthesize the advantages of domestic reactive power compensation devices at present, and the prospect of application is very good.

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