Using Molecular Transmission Networks to Reveal the Epidemic of Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Guangxi, China

IntroductionPretreatment drug resistance (PDR) is becoming an obstacle to the success of ART. This study investigated the prevalence of PDR and the transmission clusters (TCs) of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in two cities where drug abuse used to be high to describe the local HIV-1 transmission dynamics.MethodsPlasma samples were obtained from 1,027 ART-naïve patients in Guangxi. Viral subtypes and DRMs were identified. Transmission network and related factors were also determined.ResultsA total of 1,025 eligible sequences were obtained from Qinzhou (65.8%) and Baise (34.2%) cities. The predominant HIV-1 genotype was CRF08_BC (45.0%), followed by CRF01_AE (40.9%). The overall prevalence of PDR was 8.3%, and resistance to NNRTI was the most common. Putative links with at least one other sequence were found in 543/1,025 (53.0%) sequences, forming 111 clusters (2–143 individuals). The most prevalent shared DRMs included V106I (45.35%), V179D (15.1%), and V179E (15.1%). Clusters related to shared DRMs were more frequent and larger in CRF08_BC. The prevalence of shared DRMs increased with time, while the proportion of PDR gradually decreased. Age > 50 years was associated with clustering. Subtype CRF08_BC was more likely to have DRMs, PDR propagation, and DRM sharing.ConclusionPDR prevalence is moderate in this region. The association between PDR and subtype CRF08_BC suggested that DRMs spreading from injection drug users (IDUs) to heterosexuals (HETs) might be the major source of PDR in this region. Our findings highlight the significance of continuous surveillance of PDR.

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Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral-Naïve Injection Drug Users with Chronic HIV-1 Infection in Iran

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0126955 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e0126955 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Arash Memarnejadian ◽

Shahoo Menbari ◽

Seyed Ali Mansouri ◽

Leila Sadeghi ◽

Rouhollah Vahabpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Injection Drug Users ◽

Drug Users ◽

Injection Drug ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Hiv 1

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Validation of publicly-available software used in analyzing NGS data for HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and transmission networks in a Washington, DC, Cohort

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0214820 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. e0214820 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kamwing Jair ◽

Chase D. McCann ◽

Harrison Reed ◽

Amanda D. Castel ◽

Marcos Pérez-Losada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Washington Dc ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Transmission Networks ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Ngs Data ◽

Hiv 1

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Characterisation of HIV-1 transmission clusters and drug-resistant mutations in Denmark, 2004 to 2016

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.44.1700633 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (44) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas Petersen ◽

Susan A Cowan ◽

Jens Nielsen ◽

Thea K Fischer ◽

Jannik Fonager

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Transmission Networks ◽

Late Presenters ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Hiv Epidemic ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv 1

This study describes the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance mutations among 1,815 patients in Denmark from 2004 to 2016 and characterises transmission clusters. POL sequences were analysed for subtype, drug resistance mutations and phylogenetic relationship. The prevalence of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRM) was 6.7%, while the prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRM) with a clinical impact was 12.3%. We identified 197 transmission clusters with 706 patients. Patients 40 years or older were less likely to be members of a transmission cluster and patients in transmission clusters were less likely to be infected abroad. The proportion of late presenters (LP) was lower in active compared with inactive clusters. Large active clusters consisted of more men who have sex with men (MSM), had members more frequently infected in Denmark and contained a significantly lower proportion of LP and significantly fewer patients with DRM than small active clusters. Subtyping demonstrated that the Danish HIV epidemic is gradually becoming more composed of non-B subtypes/circulating recombinant forms. This study shows that active HIV-1 transmission has become increasingly MSM-dominated and that the recent increase in SDRM and DRM prevalence is not associated with more sustained transmission within identified transmission networks or clusters.

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FDA authorizes marketing of first next-generation sequencing test for detecting HIV-1 drug resistance mutations

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/cmr-2106c4c ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Next Generation ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Generation Sequencing ◽

Hiv 1

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Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5304

Author(s):

Ana Santos-Pereira ◽

Vera Triunfante ◽

Pedro M. M. Araújo ◽

Joana Martins ◽

Helena Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Subtype C ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Subtype B ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). Since Brazil presents the largest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in South America we aimed at understanding the dynamics of DRM in this country. We analyzed a total of 20,226 HIV-1 sequences collected from PLWH undergoing ART between 2008–2017. Results show a mild decline of DRM over the years but an increase of the K65R reverse transcriptase mutation from 2.23% to 12.11%. This increase gradually occurred following alterations in the ART regimens replacing zidovudine (AZT) with tenofovir (TDF). PLWH harboring the K65R had significantly higher viral loads than those without this mutation (p < 0.001). Among the two most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes (B and C) there was a significant (p < 0.001) association of K65R with subtype C (11.26%) when compared with subtype B (9.27%). Nonetheless, evidence for K65R transmission in Brazil was found both for C and B subtypes. Additionally, artificial neural network-based immunoinformatic predictions suggest that K65R could enhance viral recognition by HLA-B27 that has relatively low prevalence in the Brazilian population. Overall, the results suggest that tenofovir-based regimens need to be carefully monitored particularly in settings with subtype C and specific HLA profiles.

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