Progress toward the development of brain-computer interfaces has signaled the potential to restore, replace, or augment lost or impaired neurological function in a variety of disease states. Existing brain-computer interfaces rely on invasive surgical procedures or brain-penetrating electrodes, which limit addressable applications of the technology and the number of eligible patients. Here we describe a novel approach to constructing a neural interface, comprising conformable thin-film electrode arrays and a minimally invasive surgical delivery system that together facilitate communication with large portions of the cortical surface in bidirectional fashion (enabling both recording and stimulation). We demonstrate the safety and feasibility of rapidly delivering reversible implants containing over 2,000 microelectrodes to multiple functional regions in both hemispheres of the Gottingen minipig brain simultaneously, without requiring a craniotomy, at an effective insertion rate faster than 40 ms per channel, without damaging the cortical surface. We further demonstrate the performance of this system for high-density neural recording, focal cortical stimulation, and accurate neural decoding. Such a system promises to accelerate efforts to better decode and encode neural signals, and to expand the patient population that could benefit from neural interface technology.
EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces for Communication and Rehabilitation of People with Motor Impairment: A Novel Approach of the 21st Century
