Initial Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Large or Documented Growth Asymptomatic Meningiomas: Long-Term Results From a 27-Year Experience

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to investigate the long-term outcomes of initial Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for large (≥20 mm) or documented growth asymptomatic meningiomas.Design and MethodsThis was a single-center retrospective study. Fifty-nine patients with large (≥20 mm) or documented growth asymptomatic meningiomas undergoing initial GKRS were enrolled. The median age was 56 (range, 27–83) years. The median time of follow-up was 66.8 (range, 24.6–245.6) months, and the median tumor margin dose was 13.0 Gy (range, 11.6–22.0 Gy).ResultsTumors shrunk in 35 patients (59.3%) and remained stable in 23 (39.0%). One patient (1.7%) experienced radiological progression at 54 months after GKRS. The PFS was 100%, 97%, and 97% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Nine patients (15.3%) occurred new neurological symptoms or signs at a median time of 8.1 (range, 3.0–81.6) months. The symptom PFS was 90% and 78% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Fifteen patients (25.4%) occurred peritumoral edema (PTE) at a median time of 7.2 (range, 2.0–81.6) months. One patient underwent surgical resection for severe PTE. In univariate and multivariate analysis, Only tumor size (≥25 mm) and maximum dose (≥34 Gy) were significantly associated with PTE [hazard ratio (HR)= 3.461, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.157-10.356, p=0.026 and HR=3.067, 95% CI=1.068-8.809, P=0.037, respectively].ConclusionsIn this study, initial GKRS can provide a high tumor control rate as well as an acceptable rate of complications in large or documented growth asymptomatic meningiomas. GKRS may be an alternative initial treatment for asymptomatic meningiomas.

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Gamma-Knife Radiosurgery for Cranial Base Meningiomas: Experience of Tumor Control, Clinical Course, and Morbidity in a Follow-Up of More than 8 Years

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000190654.82265.a3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 28-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Iris Zachenhofer ◽

Stefan Wolfsberger ◽

Martin Aichholzer ◽

Alexander Bertalanffy ◽

Karl Roessler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Knife ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection of cranial base meningiomas is often limited owing to involvement of crucial neural structures. Within the last 2 decades Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has gained increasing importance as an adjunct treatment after incomplete resection and as an alternative treatment to open surgery. However, reports of long-term results are still sparse. We therefore performed this study to analyze the long-term results of GKRS treatment of cranial base meningiomas, following our previously published early follow-up experience. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical files for Gamma Knife and surgical treatments, clinicoradiological findings, and outcome was carried out focusing on tumor control, clinical course, and morbidity. RESULTS: Between 1992 and 1995, we treated 36 patients with cranial base meningiomas using GKRS (male:female ratio, 1:5; mean age, 59 yr; range, 44–89 yr). Twenty-five patients were treated with GKRS after open surgery, and 11 patients received GKRS alone. Tumor control, neurological outcomes, and adverse effects were analyzed after a long-term follow-up period (mean, 103 mo; range, 70–133 mo) and compared with our previous results after an early follow-up period (mean, 48 mo; range, 36–76 mo). Control of tumor growth was achieved in 94% of patients. Compared with the early follow-up period, the late neuroradiological effects of GKRS on cranial base meningiomas were continuing tumor shrinkage in 11 patients (33%), stable tumor size in 20 patients (64%) and tumor progression in two meningiomas (6%). The neurological status improved in 16 patients (44%), remained stable in 19 patients (52%), and deteriorated in one patient (4%). Adverse side effects of GKRS were found only during the early follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm that GKRS is not only a safe and effective treatment modality for cranial base meningiomas in short-term observation, but also in a mean long-term follow-up period of more than 8 years. Tumor shrinkage and clinical improvement also continued during the longer follow-up period.

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Long-Term Outcomes After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Benign Meningioma: A Single Institution's Experience With 424 Patients

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyx585 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 1040-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Youngbeom Seo ◽

Dong Gyu Kim ◽

Jin Wook Kim ◽

Jung Ho Han ◽

Hyun-Tai Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Progression ◽

Gamma Knife ◽

Treatment Modality ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Tumor Control Rate

Abstract BACKGROUND Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is recognized as an important treatment modality for meningioma. OBJECTIVE To analyze the long-term outcomes in meningioma patients treated with GKRS to determine the risk factors related to treatment failure and peritumoral edema (PTE) development. METHODS Between 1998 and 2010, 770 consecutive patients were treated with GKRS for intracranial meningioma. After the exclusion of patients with follow-up periods of less than 5 yr and those with neurofibromatosis, multiple meningiomas, nonbenign meningioma, or radiotherapy, a total of 424 patients were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up duration was 92 mo. The median tumor volume was 4.35 cm3, and the median marginal dose was 14 Gy. RESULTS The overall local tumor control rate was 84%. The actuarial tumor control rates were 91.7% and 78.9% at 5 and 10 yr, respectively. The tumor control rate of a radiologically diagnosed tumor was higher than that of a grade I tumor (82% vs 70.1% at 10 yr, P = .001). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with tumor progression were female sex (hazard ratio: 0.5, P = .025) and a previous history of craniotomy (hazard ratio: 1.9, P = .009). Symptomatic PTE was identified in 36 (8.5%) patients, and the factor associated with poor PTE was the presence of PTE before GKRS (odds ratio: 4.6, P < .001). Permanent complication rate was 4%. CONCLUSION GKRS appears to be an effective treatment modality for meningioma with long-term follow-up. However, the identification of delayed tumor progression in our study suggests that extended follow-up data should be collected after GKRS.

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Gamma Knife radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors: a single-center series of 75 cases

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2016.4.jns152667 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (5) ◽

pp. 1488-1497 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ramez Ibrahim ◽

Mohannad B. Ammori ◽

John Yianni ◽

Alison Grainger ◽

Jeremy Rowe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Knife ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Tumor Control Rate ◽

Glomus Jugulare ◽

Alternative Treatment Option

OBJECTIVEGlomus jugulare tumors are rare indolent tumors that frequently involve the lower cranial nerves (CNs). Complete resection can be difficult and associated with lower CN injury. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has established its role as a noninvasive alternative treatment option for these often formidable lesions. The authors aimed to review their experience at the National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Sheffield, United Kingdom, specifically the long-term tumor control rate and complications of GKRS for these lesions.METHODSClinical and radiological data were retrospectively reviewed for patients treated between March 1994 and December 2010. Data were available for 75 patients harboring 76 tumors. The tumors in 3 patients were treated in 2 stages. Familial and/or hereditary history was noted in 12 patients, 2 of whom had catecholamine-secreting and/or active tumors. Gamma Knife radiosurgery was the primary treatment modality in 47 patients (63%). The median age at the time of treatment was 55 years. The median tumor volume was 7 cm3, and the median radiosurgical dose to the tumor margin was 18 Gy (range 12–25 Gy). The median duration of radiological follow-up was 51.5 months (range 12–230 months), and the median clinical follow-up was 38.5 months (range 6–223 months).RESULTSThe overall tumor control rate was 93.4% with low CN morbidity. Improvement of preexisting deficits was noted in 15 patients (20%). A stationary clinical course and no progression of symptoms were noted in 48 patients (64%). Twelve patients (16%) had new symptoms or progression of their preexisting symptoms. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial tumor control rate was 92.2% at 5 years and 86.3% at 10 years.CONCLUSIONSGamma Knife radiosurgery offers a risk-versus-benefit treatment option with very low CN morbidity and stable long-term results.

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Gamma Knife radiosurgery for skull base meningioma: long-term results of low-dose treatment

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns/2008/109/11/0804 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 804-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Yoshiyasu Iwai ◽

Kazuhiro Yamanaka ◽

Hidetoshi Ikeda

Keyword(s):

Malignant Transformation ◽

Gamma Knife ◽

Low Dose ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Local Failure ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Early Results

Object In this study, the authors evaluate the long-term results after Gamma Knife radiosurgery of cranial base meningiomas. This study is a follow-up to their previously published report on the early results. Methods Between January 1994 and December 2001, the authors treated benign cranial base meningiomas in 108 patients using low-dose Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The tumor volumes ranged from 1.7 to 55.3 cm3 (median 8.1 cm3), and the radiosurgery doses ranged from 8 to 12 Gy (median 12 Gy) to the tumor margin. Results The mean duration of follow-up was 86.1 months (range 20–144 months). Tumor volume decreased in 50 patients (46%), remained stable in 51 patients (47%), and increased (local failure) in 7 patients (6%). Eleven patients experienced tumor recurrence outside the treatment field. Among these patients, marginal failure was seen in 5 and distant recurrence was seen in 6. Seven patients were thought to have malignant transformation based on histological or radiological characteristics of the lesion. The actuarial progression-free survival rate, including malignant transformation and outside recurrence, was 93% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years. Neurological status improved in 16 patients (15%). Permanent radiation injury occurred in 7 patients (6%). Conclusions Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a safe and effective treatment for cranial base meningiomas as demonstrated with a long-term follow-up period of > 7 years. Surgeons must be aware of the possibility of treatment failure, defined as local failure, marginal failure, and malignant transformation; however, this may be the natural course of meningiomas and not related to radiosurgery.

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P14.67 Long-term results of gamma knife radiosurgery for treatment of intracranial glomus jugulare tumors

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab180.175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii50-ii51

Author(s):

R M Emad Eldin ◽

K M Abdel Karim ◽

A M N El-Shehaby ◽

W A Reda ◽

A M Nabeel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Improvement ◽

Gamma Knife ◽

Tumor Volume ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Glomus Jugulare ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

Abstract BACKGROUND Glomus Jugulare tumors are benign but locally aggressive ones that represent a therapeutic challenge. Previous studies about the use of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GRS) in those tumors have documented good results that needed larger number of patients and longer follow up periods to be confirmed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between August 2001 and December 2017, 70 patients with glomus jugulare tumors were treated at the Gamma Knife Center, Cairo. They were 46 females and 24 males. The mean age was 48 years (16–71 years). Nineteen of these patients were previously operated, 5 were partially embolized, 3 underwent embolization and subsequent surgery and 43 had gamma knife as their primary treatment. Volume-staged gamma knife radiosurgery was used in 10 patients and single-session in 60 patients, with a total of 86 sessions. The mean target volume was 12.7 cm3 (range 0.2 to 34.5 cm3). The mean tumor volume was 15.5 cm3 (range 0.2 to 105 cm3). The mean prescription dose was 14.5 Gy (range 12 to 18 Gy). RESULTS The mean follow up period was 60 months (range 18 to 206 months), and by the time of the data analysis, two of the patients were dead (66 and 24 months after GK treatment). The tumor control was 98.6% (69/70). Thirty-two tumors became smaller and 37 were unchanged. The symptoms improved in 36 patients, were stable in 32 patients, and worsened in 2 patients who developed a transient facial palsy and worsened hearing. Symptomatic improvement began before any reduction in tumor volume could be detected, where the mean time to clinical improvement was 7 months whereas the mean time to tumor shrinkage was 18 months. CONCLUSION This study about the long term follow up of the GKR for the intracranial glomus jugulare tumors confirmed that this is a highly effective and safe treatment. This data shows that the clinical improvement is not correlated with the radiological volume reduction.

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Long-term outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in patients with vestibular schwannomas

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2009.12.jns091339 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 432-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Erin S. Murphy ◽

Gene H. Barnett ◽

Michael A. Vogelbaum ◽

Gennady Neyman ◽

Glen H. J. Stevens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Knife ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Vestibular Schwannomas ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Tumor Diameter ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Median Dose ◽

The Mean

Object The authors sought to determine the long-term tumor control and side effects of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS). Methods One hundred seventeen patients with VS underwent GKRS between January 1997 and February 2003. At the time of analysis, at least 5 years had passed since GKRS in all patients. The mean patient age was 60.9 years. The mean maximal tumor diameter was 1.77 ± 0.71 cm. The mean tumor volume was 1.95 ± 2.42 ml. Eighty-two percent of lesions received 1300 cGy and 14% received 1200 cGy. The median dose homogeneity ratio was 1.97 and the median dose conformality ratio was 1.78. Follow-up included MR imaging or CT scanning approximately every 6–12 months. Rates of progression to surgery were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Of the 117 patients in whom data were analyzed, 103 had follow-up MR or CT images and 14 patients were lost to follow-up. Fifty-three percent of patients had stable tumors and 37.9% had a radiographically documented response. Imaging-documented tumor progression was present in 8 patients (7.8%), but in 3 of these the lesion eventually stabilized. Only 5 patients required a neurosurgical intervention. The estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year rates of progression to surgery were 1, 4.6, and 8.9%, respectively. One patient (1%) developed trigeminal neuropathy, 4 patients (5%) developed permanent facial neuropathy, 3 patients (4%) reported vertigo, and 7 patients (18%) had new gait imbalance following GKRS. Conclusions Gamma Knife radiosurgery results in excellent local control rates with minimal toxicity for patients with VS. The authors recommend standardized follow-up to gain a better understanding of the long-term effects of GKRS.

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Characteristic of Tumor Regrowth After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery and Outcomes of Repeat Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.627428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yanli Li ◽

Lisha Wu ◽

Tingting Quan ◽

Junyi Fu ◽

Linhui Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Knife ◽

Key Management ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Tumor Regrowth ◽

Design And Methods

ObjectiveThis study aimed to report the characteristic of tumor regrowth after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and outcomes of repeat GKRS in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).Design and MethodsThis retrospective study consisted of 369 NFPA patients treated with GKRS. The median age was 45.2 (range, 7.2–84.0) years. The median tumor volume was 3.5 (range, 0.1–44.3) cm3.ResultsTwenty-four patients (6.5%) were confirmed as regrowth after GKRS. The regrowth-free survivals were 100%, 98%, 97%, 86% and 77% at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 year, respectively. In multivariate analysis, parasellar invasion and margin dose (<12 Gy) were associated with tumor regrowth (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.125, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.318–7.410, p = 0.010 and HR = 3.359, 95% CI = 1.347–8.379, p = 0.009, respectively). The median time of regrowth was 86.1 (range, 23.2–236.0) months. Previous surgery was associated with tumor regrowth out of field (p = 0.033). Twelve patients underwent repeat GKRS, including regrowth in (n = 8) and out of field (n = 4). Tumor shrunk in seven patients (58.3%), remained stable in one (8.3%) and regrowth in four (33.3%) with a median repeat GKRS margin dose of 12 (range, 10.0–14.0) Gy. The actuarial tumor control rates were 100%, 90%, 90%, 68%, and 68% at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 years after repeat GKRS, respectively.ConclusionsParasellar invasion and tumor margin dose (<12 Gy) were independent risk factors for tumor regrowth after GKRS. Repeat GKRS might be effective on tumor control for selected patients. For regrowth in field due to relatively insufficient radiation dose, repeat GKRS might offer satisfactory tumor control. For regrowth out of field, preventing regrowth out of field was the key management. Sufficient target coverage and close follow-up might be helpful.

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Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous sinus meningioma: long-term follow-up in 200 patients

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2018.2.jns172361 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 (6) ◽

pp. 1799-1808 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kyung-Jae Park ◽

Hideyuki Kano ◽

Aditya Iyer ◽

Xiaomin Liu ◽

Daniel A. Tonetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Progression ◽

Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽

Gamma Knife ◽

Cavernous Sinus ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Cavernous Sinus Meningioma ◽

Long Term Study

OBJECTIVEThe authors of this study evaluate the long-term outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for cavernous sinus meningioma (CSM).METHODSThe authors retrospectively assessed treatment outcomes 5–18 years after SRS in 200 patients with CSM. The median patient age was 57 years (range 22–83 years). In total, 120 (60%) patients underwent Gamma Knife SRS as primary management, 46 (23%) for residual tumors, and 34 (17%) for recurrent tumors after one or more surgical procedures. The median tumor target volume was 7.5 cm3 (range 0.1–37.3 cm3), and the median margin dose was 13.0 Gy (range 10–20 Gy).RESULTSTumor volume regressed in 121 (61%) patients, was unchanged in 49 (25%), and increased over time in 30 (15%) during a median imaging follow-up of 101 months. Actuarial tumor control rates at the 5-, 10-, and 15-year follow-ups were 92%, 84%, and 75%, respectively. Of the 120 patients who had undergone SRS as a primary treatment (primary SRS), tumor progression was observed in 14 (11.7%) patients at a median of 48.9 months (range 4.8–120.0 months) after SRS, and actuarial tumor control rates were 98%, 93%, 85%, and 85% at the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year follow-ups post-SRS. A history of tumor progression after microsurgery was an independent predictor of an unfavorable response to radiosurgery (p = 0.009, HR = 4.161, 95% CI 1.438–12.045). Forty-four (26%) of 170 patients who had presented with at least one cranial nerve (CN) deficit improved after SRS. Development of new CN deficits after initial microsurgical resection was an unfavorable factor for improvement after SRS (p = 0.014, HR = 0.169, 95% CI 0.041–0.702). Fifteen (7.5%) patients experienced permanent CN deficits without evidence of tumor progression at a median onset of 9 months (range 2.3–85 months) after SRS. Patients with larger tumor volumes (≥ 10 cm3) were more likely to develop permanent CN complications (p = 0.046, HR = 3.629, 95% CI 1.026–12.838). Three patients (1.5%) developed delayed pituitary dysfunction after SRS.CONCLUSIONSThis long-term study showed that Gamma Knife radiosurgery provided long-term tumor control for most patients with CSM. Patients who underwent SRS for progressive tumors after prior microsurgery had a greater chance of tumor growth than the patients without prior surgery or those with residual tumor treated after microsurgery.

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Long-term outcome after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for acoustic neuroma of all Koos grades: a single-center study

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2017.8.jns171281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 388-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Josa M. Frischer ◽

Elise Gruber ◽

Verena Schöffmann ◽

Adolf Ertl ◽

Romana Höftberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Knife ◽

Acoustic Neuroma ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Hearing Preservation ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Acoustic Neuromas ◽

Long Term Follow Up

OBJECTIVEThe authors present long-term follow-up data on patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for acoustic neuroma.METHODSSix hundred eighteen patients were radiosurgically treated for acoustic neuroma between 1992 and 2016 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna. Patients with neurofibromatosis and patients treated too recently to attain 1 year of follow-up were excluded from this retrospective study. Thus, data on 557 patients with spontaneous acoustic neuroma of any Koos grade are presented, as are long-term follow-up data on 426 patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Patients were assessed according to the Gardner-Robertson (GR) hearing scale and the House-Brackmann facial nerve function scale, both prior to GKRS and at the times of follow-up.RESULTSFour hundred fifty-two patients (81%) were treated with radiosurgery alone and 105 patients (19%) with combined microsurgery-radiosurgery. While the combined treatment was especially favored before 2002, the percentage of cases treated with radiosurgery alone has significantly increased since then. The overall complication rate after GKRS was low and has declined significantly in the last decade. The risk of developing hydrocephalus after GKRS increased with tumor size. One case (0.2%) of malignant transformation after GKRS was diagnosed. Radiological tumor control rates of 92%, 91%, and 91% at 5, 10, and 15 years after GKRS, regardless of the Koos grade or pretreatment, were observed. The overall tumor control rate without the need for additional treatment was even higher at 98%. At the last follow-up, functional hearing was preserved in 55% of patients who had been classified with GR hearing class I or II prior to GKRS. Hearing preservation rates of 53%, 34%, and 34% at 5, 10, and 15 years after GKRS were observed. The multivariate regression model revealed that the GR hearing class prior to GKRS and the median dose to the cochlea were independent predictors of the GR class at follow-up.CONCLUSIONSIn small to medium-sized spontaneous acoustic neuromas, radiosurgery should be recognized as the primary treatment at an early stage. Although minimizing the cochlear dose seems beneficial for hearing preservation, the authors, like others before, do not recommend undertreating intracanalicular tumors in favor of low cochlear doses. For larger acoustic neuromas, radiosurgery remains a reliable management option with tumor control rates similar to those for smaller acoustic neuromas; however, careful patient selection and counseling are recommended given the higher risk of side effects. Microsurgery must be considered in acoustic neuromas with significant brainstem compression or hydrocephalus.

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