scholarly journals Importance of the Rhizosphere Microbiota in Iron Biofortification of Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Lurthy ◽  
Barbara Pivato ◽  
Philippe Lemanceau ◽  
Sylvie Mazurier
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Microbe Interactions

Increasing the iron content of plant products and iron assimilability represents a major issue for human nutrition and health. This is also a major challenge because iron is not readily available for plants in most cultivated soils despite its abundance in the Earth’s crust. Iron biofortification is defined as the enhancement of the iron content in edible parts of plants. This biofortification aims to reach the objectives defined by world organizations for human nutrition and health while being environment friendly. A series of options has been proposed to enhance plant iron uptake and fight against hidden hunger, but they all show limitations. The present review addresses the potential of soil microorganisms to promote plant iron nutrition. Increasing knowledge on the plant microbiota and plant-microbe interactions related to the iron dynamics has highlighted a considerable contribution of microorganisms to plant iron uptake and homeostasis. The present overview of the state of the art sheds light on plant iron uptake and homeostasis, and on the contribution of plant-microorganism (plant-microbe and plant-plant-microbe) interactions to plant nutritition. It highlights the effects of microorganisms on the plant iron status and on the co-occurring mechanisms, and shows how this knowledge may be valued through genetic and agronomic approaches. We propose a change of paradigm based on a more holistic approach gathering plant and microbial traits mediating iron uptake. Then, we present the possible applications in plant breeding, based on plant traits mediating plant-microbe interactions involved in plant iron uptake and physiology.

Comparison of iron acquisition from Fe–pyoverdine by strategy I and strategy II plants

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Shirley ◽  
Laure Avoscan ◽  
Eric Bernaud ◽  
Gérard Vansuyt ◽  
Philippe Lemanceau
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Major Class ◽  
Graminaceous Plants ◽  
Strategy I

Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants and associated microorganisms. However, the bioavailability of iron in cultivated soils is low. Plants and microorganisms have thus evolved active strategies of iron uptake. Two different iron uptake strategies have been described in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous graminaceous species. In bacteria, this strategy relies on the synthesis of siderophores. Pyoverdines, a major class of siderophores produced by fluorescent pseudomonads, were previously shown to promote iron nutrition of the dicotyledonous species Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.), whereas contradictory reports were made on the contribution of those siderophores to the nutrition of graminaceous annuals. Furthermore, no information has so far been available on graminaceous perennials. Here, the contribution of purified pyoverdine of Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12 to the iron nutrition of two annual and perennial graminaceous plants was assessed and compared with that of two dicotyledonous plant species. Fe–Pyoverdine promoted the iron status of all plant species tested. With the exception of wheat, this promotion was more dramatic in graminaceous species than in dicotyledonous species and was the highest in fescue, a perennial species. The incorporation of 15N-labeled pyoverdine was consistent with the effect on the iron status of the plants tested.

scholarly journals CBIO-10. REDUCED IRON EXPORT FUNCTIONS IN A CELL INTRINSIC MANNER TO DRIVE GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii17-ii17
Author(s):  
Katie Troike ◽  
Erin Mulkearns-Hubert ◽  
Daniel Silver ◽  
James Connor ◽  
Justin Lathia
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Hfe Gene ◽  
Iron Release ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Cellular Iron

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is characterized by invasive growth and poor prognosis. Iron is a critical regulator of many cellular processes, and GBM tumor cells have been shown to modulate expression of iron-associated proteins to enhance iron uptake from the surrounding microenvironment, driving tumor initiation and growth. While iron uptake has been the central focus of previous investigations, additional mechanisms of iron regulation, such as compensatory iron efflux, have not been explored in the context of GBM. The hemochromatosis (HFE) gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that aids in iron homeostasis by limiting cellular iron release, resulting in a sequestration phenotype. We find that HFE is upregulated in GBM tumors compared to non-tumor brain and that expression of HFE increases with tumor grade. Furthermore, HFE mRNA expression is associated with significantly reduced survival specifically in female patients with GBM. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that GBM tumor cells upregulate HFE expression to augment cellular iron loading and drive proliferation, ultimately leading to reduced survival of female patients. To test this hypothesis, we generated Hfe knockdown and overexpressing mouse glioma cell lines. We observed significant alterations in the expression of several iron handling genes with Hfe knockdown or overexpression, suggesting global disruption of iron homeostasis. Additionally, we show that knockdown of Hfe in these cells increases apoptosis and leads to a significant impairment of tumor growth in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that Hfe is a critical regulator of cellular iron status and contributes to tumor aggression. Future work will include further exploration of the mechanisms that contribute to these phenotypes as well as interactions with the tumor microenvironment. Elucidating the mechanisms by which iron effulx contributes to GBM may inform the development of next-generation targeted therapies.

scholarly journals The potential effect of iron defortification on iron-deficiency anaemia in the US population

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1266-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tao ◽  
David L Pelletier ◽  
Dennis D Miller
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the potential effect of iron defortification in the USA on iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA).MethodsMonte Carlo models were built to simulate iron nutrition in the US population. A hypothetical cohort of 15 000 persons from the general population was used in 15-year simulations to compare the prevalence of IDA with and without fortification.ResultsWith iron fortification, the prevalence of IDA was 2.4% for children aged 3–5 years, 5.4% for women aged 20–49 years, and 0.14% for men aged 20–49 years. The corresponding IDA estimates under iron defortification were 4.5%, 8.2% and 0.46%, respectively. Defortification had little effect on the distribution of iron indicators at or above the 50th percentile within each of these three groups and little effect on the distributions of iron indicators among adult men.ConclusionIron defortification is likely to increase IDA among children and women of reproductive age, but is not likely to have meaningful effects on the iron status of men or the majority of women and children.

Evidence for a copper-dependent iron transport system in the marine, magnetotactic bacterium strain MV-1

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 2931-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley L. Dubbels ◽  
Alan A. DiSpirito ◽  
John D. Morton ◽  
Jeremy D. Semrau ◽  
J. N. E. Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Transport ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Iron Uptake System ◽  
Cellular Iron ◽  
Solid Media

Cells of the magnetotactic marine vibrio, strain MV-1, produce magnetite-containing magnetosomes when grown anaerobically or microaerobically. Stable, spontaneous, non-magnetotactic mutants were regularly observed when cells of MV-1 were cultured on solid media incubated under anaerobic or microaerobic conditions. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis showed that these mutants are not all genetically identical. Cellular iron content of one non-magnetotactic mutant strain, designated MV-1nm1, grown anaerobically, was ∼20- to 80-fold less than the iron content of wild-type (wt) MV-1 for the same iron concentrations, indicating that MV-1nm1 is deficient in some form of iron uptake. Comparative protein profiles of the two strains showed that MV-1nm1 did not produce several proteins produced by wt MV-1. To understand the potential roles of these proteins in iron transport better, one of these proteins was purified and characterized. This protein, a homodimer with an apparent subunit mass of about 19 kDa, was an iron-regulated, periplasmic protein (p19). Two potential ‘copper-handling’ motifs (MXM/MX2M) are present in the amino acid sequence of p19, and the native protein binds copper in a 1 : 1 ratio. The structural gene for p19, chpA (copper handling protein) and two other putative genes upstream of chpA were cloned and sequenced. These putative genes encode a protein similar to the iron permease, Ftr1, from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a ferredoxin-like protein of unknown function. A periplasmic, copper-containing, iron(II) oxidase was also purified from wt MV-1 and MV-1nm1. This enzyme, like p19, was regulated by media iron concentration and contained four copper atoms per molecule of enzyme. It is hypothesized that ChpA, the iron permease and the iron(II) oxidase might have analogous functions for the three components of the S. cerevisiae copper-dependent high-affinity iron uptake system (Ctr1, Ftr1 and Fet3, respectively), and that strain MV-1 may have a similar iron uptake system. However, iron(II) oxidase purified from both wt MV-1 and MV-1nm1 displayed comparable iron oxidase activities using O2 as the electron acceptor, indicating that ChpA does not supply the multi-copper iron(II) oxidase with copper.

On the role and fate of sugars in human nutrition and health. Introduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Palou ◽  
M. L. Bonet ◽  
C. Picó
Keyword(s):  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition And Health

scholarly journals The Importance of Brassica Vegetables to the Kingdom of Eswatini: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Michael T. Masarirambi ◽  
Kwanele A. Nxumalo ◽  
Daniel V. Dlamini ◽  
Lokadhia Manwa ◽  
Molyn Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Postharvest Handling

Brassica vegetables are diverse and widely consumed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. Although exotic in Southern Africa brassicas are now relatively important vegetables produced and consumed in the region all year round. In their production, postharvest handling, storage and processing chain, employment is created and revenue is generated and thus their contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). Brassicas are not only important economically but by far their greatest contribution is to human nutrition and health. They contain vitamins and cancer preventing phytochemicals. They also contribute fibre which is important for proper digestion and is anticancer preventing material. Brassica vegetables provide interesting colour when incorporated in salads. They are components which add up to achieving food security in the Kingdom of Eswatini. Despite immense importance of brassica vegetables in the Kingdom, there is dearth of information pertaining to their agro-climatological requirements and their nutritional awareness among the citizens. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the agro-climatological needs of the brassica vegetables and to bring awareness of their health and food security contribution through documentation and community education.

scholarly journals Manner of Ethiopian Dairy Products Processing and Their Nutritional and Health Importance

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Jemal Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Traditional Dairy Products ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Processing Steps

Dairy products play a vital role in human nutrition and protecting against numerous diseases. Understanding the meticulous characteristics of traditionally processed dairy products as well as appropriate examination of the indigenous processing steps are important in order to vouch for suitable manufacturing procedure and protocols for commercialization. In Ethiopia, fortunately, some evidence is available on the general characteristics and processing practices of traditional dairy products nevertheless a few data is available about their role in human nutrition and health. Therefore, the objective of this review was to assess and compile information on processing of traditional dairy products in Ethiopia and their nutritional and health benefits. Ergo, ayib , arera,  kibe, neter kibe, aguat, ititu, and dhanaan are the major dairy products encompassed in this review.

scholarly journals A Life in Food: A Grain of Salt and Some Humble Pie

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Scientific Achievements

From my senior school days, I had wanted to pursue a career in food. In quite what capacity I was not too sure. So my starting points were within the fields of animal nutrition before moving for the major part of my career to medical schools to study human nutrition and health. My career scientific achievements lie within the Kuhnian spectrum of normal science, but within that normality, I was always one to challenge conventional wisdom. An academic career is about more than just research. It is about teaching and not just the minutiae of nutrition, but about life and living, about challenges and failures. Reflecting on the experience of that career, my advice to early stage researchers is this: Be patient, determined, and resilient in the very early stages. Hold no fear of change and be courageous in challenging conventional wisdom. Always favor openness and collaboration and always seek to help others. Citation indices are important to your career, but these other avenues that I advise you to follow are what you will eventually be most proud of.

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