scholarly journals Effect of Group Contingency Type on Walking: Comparisons of Effectiveness and Cost Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heewon Kim ◽  
Changseok Lee ◽  
Seoi Lee ◽  
Kyong-Mee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Group Contingency ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Interdependent Group Contingency ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Contingency Condition ◽  
Cost Efficient

Group contingency (GC) is an effective and cost-efficient strategy that can be successfully applied to technology-based interventions. This study examined the relative effectiveness and cost efficiency of three types of technology-based group contingencies on walking among adults. Seventy two students were divided into teams of three. Each team was randomly assigned to one of three GC conditions (independent, interdependent, or dependent) and underwent 66 days of technology-based group contingency intervention. Sixty five participants completed the intervention and 61 completed the follow-up assessment 2 months later. Step counts and self-reported walking activity increased after the intervention under all three conditions. The proportion of participants that met the target step counts was significantly higher under the dependent group contingency condition. However, 2 months later, intervention effects were not maintained under any condition. For cost efficiency, the increase in step count per point was significantly higher under the interdependent group contingency condition. Group cohesion and social validity (point satisfaction and point utility) were significantly higher under the dependent group contingency condition. Finally, the clinical implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PARTIAL REMISSION IN DEPRESSION

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Cornwall ◽  
Jan Scott
Keyword(s):  
Partial Remission ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Observer Ratings

We report a subgroup analysis of 24 out of 42 subjects who were hospitalized for non-psychotic major depressive disorder and who agreed to participate in interviews at admission and 2 years afterwards (as reported previously by Domken, Scott, & Kelly, 1994; Bothwell & Scott, 1997). At 2 year follow-up, these 24 subjects were categorized according to established criteria into clients meeting criteria for full remission (FR; n=9) and those meeting criteria for partial remission (PR; n=15). The most striking findings were that, over time, PR subjects showed significant loss of self-esteem and showed greater divergence in self-ratings compared to observer ratings of their depressive symptoms, whilst the same ratings in the FR group changed in the opposite direction. We suggest that the persistence of depression in PR subjects may provide evidence to support Teasdale’s (1988) hypothesis that some individuals “get depressed about being depressed”. The research and clinical implications of the results are noted.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of a Novel Method for Ecological Compensation—A Study of the Translocation of Dead Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6075
Author(s):  
Ola Lindroos ◽  
Malin Söderlind ◽  
Joel Jensen ◽  
Joakim Hjältén
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

Translocation of dead wood is a novel method for ecological compensation and restoration that could, potentially, provide a new important tool for biodiversity conservation. With this method, substrates that normally have long delivery times are instantly created in a compensation area, and ideally many of the associated dead wood dwelling organisms are translocated together with the substrates. However, to a large extent, there is a lack of knowledge about the cost efficiency of different methods of ecological compensation. Therefore, the costs for different parts of a translocation process and its dependency on some influencing factors were studied. The observed cost was 465 SEK per translocated log for the actual compensation measure, with an additional 349 SEK/log for work to enable evaluation of the translocation’s ecological results. Based on time studies, models were developed to predict required work time and costs for different transportation distances and load sizes. Those models indicated that short extraction and insertion distances for logs should be prioritized over road transportation distances to minimize costs. They also highlighted a trade-off between costs and time until a given ecological value is reached in the compensation area. The methodology used can contribute to more cost-efficient operations and, by doing so, increase the use of ecological compensation and the benefits from a given input.

Using brief habit reversal and an interdependent group contingency to reduce public‐speaking speech disfluencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Perrin ◽  
Sarah A. Hensel ◽  
Durie L. Lynch ◽  
Lisa R. Gallegos ◽  
Kendall Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Speaking ◽  
Habit Reversal ◽  
Group Contingency ◽  
Interdependent Group Contingency

Clinical implications of benign multiple sclerosis: A 20-year population-based follow-up study

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean J. Pittock ◽  
Robyn L. McClelland ◽  
William T. Mayr ◽  
Neal W. Jorgensen ◽  
Brian G. Weinshenker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Benign Multiple Sclerosis

scholarly journals Opiate dependence and pregnancy: 20-year follow-up study

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Whitty ◽  
John O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Opiate Dependence ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

AIMS AND METHODThis study examined the 20-year outcome of 55 women who were pregnant and using opiates in 1985 and were attending the Drug Treatment Centre and Advisory Board, Dublin. We established outcome across a number of variables, including mortality, psychiatric and physical morbidity, psychosocial functioning, ongoing drug misuse and outcome of offspring.RESULTSAt 20-year follow-up 29 women (53%) were deceased. HIV was the commonest cause of death, accounting for 17 deaths (59%). Those who were alive at follow-up displayed high rates of unemployment (84%), illicit substance misuse (74%) and most were dependent on state-subsidised accommodation (78%).CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSMortality was higher in our group compared with other long-term follow-up samples. These findings suggest that such participants and their offspring require intensive long-term support and treatment.

Achieving Indonesian Oil and Gas production to 1 million barrels per day by 2030 using Nanoflooding as Novel EOR Method: Dream vs. Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hendraningrat
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
Production Target

In low oil price environments, conducting affordable enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects can be very challenging. One item of interest for successful future EOR should be in how produced fluids are treated and how to achieve cost-efficiency. Nanoflooding, is an emerging EOR technique, which has attracted deployment in recent years. Meanwhile, Indonesia continues to progress towards the national oil and gas production target of one million barrels per day by 2030. This paper presents the observation of opportunities and challenges of using nanoflooding to enable oil and gas production in Indonesia to achieve its desired targets. The study began by mapping the pain points in major oilfields in Indonesia. We observed and discussed the advantage and limitation of traditional mature EOR techniques, status, and ongoing application of EOR in Indonesia. Then, we briefly explained the main reasons why nanoflooding can be considered for future implementation in accelerating oil production in Indonesia, including a discussion about a successful pilot test. As an emerging EOR technique, nanoflooding can be considered as a cost-efficient technique. Silica-based nanofluid can be accessed in a cost-efficient manner and can be executed from an implementation standpoint considering surface facilities. The mechanism that is introduced can help to displace incremental oil more effectively since it can go inside pore throats due to the nano-size. We observed several recognized benefits and challenges to deploy nanoflooding in Indonesia. Based on this study, nanoflooding is very attractive and has potential to be implemented.

scholarly journals The Economic Influence of Breastfeeding on the Health Cost of Newborns

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Santacruz-Salas ◽  
Isaac Aranda-Reneo ◽  
Álvaro Hidalgo-Vega ◽  
José M. Blanco-Rodriguez ◽  
Antonio Segura-Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Efficient Option

Background: Breastfeeding provides health benefits for women and newborns. However, few studies have explored how these health benefits translate into economic savings. Research aim: This study aimed to estimate the healthcare costs savings generated by exclusive breastfeeding for healthy newborns. Methods: We designed a longitudinal two-group observational study that included healthy women and newborns ( N = 236) in Toledo, Spain. Over the first 6-months of the infants’ lives, we reviewed their clinical histories to determine their consumption of healthcare resources and the type of nutrition provided. The sample was categorized into two groups: exclusive breastfeeding ( n = 46) and non-exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months ( n = 190). Two-part regression models were applied to determine whether there were differences in healthcare costs between the groups. Results: The average age of the women was 32 ( SD: 5.3). The average birth weight of the newborns was 3.3 kg. ( SD: 0.38). At 6 months, 19.5% ( n = 46) of the women breastfed exclusively, 28.4% ( n = 67) combined breastfeeding with formula, and 45.8% ( n = 108) used formula only. Healthcare costs during follow-up reached €785.58 (44% for specialized care, 42% for primary care, 9.8% for medical emergencies, 3% for medications and approximately 1% for medical tests). The statistical analysis estimated a lower healthcare cost of between €454.40 and €503.50 for exclusively breastfed newborns. Conclusion: Breastfeeding generated savings in healthcare costs; therefore, it could be a cost-efficient option compared with alternatives. Researchers who evaluate the efficiency of strategies that promote breastfeeding can contribute to the sustainability of health services.

Incidence of Aortitis in Surgical Specimens of the Ascending Aorta Clinical Implications at Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Martino ◽  
Paolo Ballestracci ◽  
Lorenzo Faggioni ◽  
Stefano Pratali ◽  
Riccardo Morganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Clinical Implications

scholarly journals Relative effectiveness of a full versus reduced version of the ‘Smoke Free’ mobile application for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Crane ◽  
Harveen Kaur Ubhi ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Robert West
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Full Version ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Smartphone applications (apps) are popular aids for smoking cessation. Smoke Free is an app that delivers behaviour change techniques used in effective face-to-face behavioural support programmes. The aim of this study was to assess whether the full version of Smoke Free is more effective than the reduced version. Methods:  This was a two-arm randomised controlled trial. Smokers who downloaded Smoke Free were randomly offered the full or reduced version; 28,112 smokers aged 18+ years who set a quit date were included. The full version provided updates on benefits of abstinence, progress (days smoke free), virtual ‘badges’ and daily ‘missions’ with push notifications aimed at preventing and managing cravings. The reduced version did not include the missions. At baseline the app recorded users’: device type (iPhone or Android), age, sex, daily cigarette consumption, time to first cigarette of the day, and educational level. The primary outcome was self-reported complete abstinence from the quit date in a 3-month follow-up questionnaire delivered via the app. Analyses conducted included logistic regressions of outcome on to app version (full versus reduced) with adjustment for baseline variables using both intention-to-treat/missing-equals smoking (MES) and follow-up-only (FUO) analyses. Results: The 3-month follow-up rate was 8.5% (n=1,213) for the intervention and 6.5% (n=901) for the control. A total of 234 participants reported not smoking in the intervention versus 124 in the control, representing 1.6% versus 0.9% in the MES analysis and 19.3% versus 13.8% in the FUO analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.90, 95%CI=1.53-2.37 (p<0.001) and 1.50, 95%CI=1.18-1.91 (p<0.001) in the MES and FUO analyses respectively. Conclusions: Despite very low follow-up rates using in-app follow up, both intention-to-treat/missing equals smoking and follow-up only analyses showed the full version of the Smoke Free app to result in higher self-reported 3-month continuous smoking abstinence rates than the reduced version.

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