scholarly journals Exploring Parental Responses to Pre-schoolers’ “Everyday” Pain Experiences Through Electronic Diary and Ecological Momentary Assessment Methodologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace O’Sullivan ◽  
Brian McGuire ◽  
Michelle Roche ◽  
Line Caes
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Electronic Diary ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Pain Experiences ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Objective: Parental influence during children’s “everyday” pain events is under-explored, compared to clinical or experimental pains. We trialed two digital reporting methods for parents to record the real-world context surrounding their child’s everyday pain events within the family home.Methods: Parents (N = 21) completed a structured e-diary for 14 days, reporting on one pain event experienced by their child (aged 2.5–6 years) each day, and describing child pain responses, parental supervision, parental estimates of pain severity and intensity, and parental catastrophizing, distress, and behavioral responses. During the same 2-week period, a subsample of parent-child pairs (N = 9) completed digital ecological momentary assessments (EMA), immediately after any chosen pain event. Children reported their current pain while parents estimated the child’s pain and indicated their own distress.Results: “Everyday” pain events frequently featured minor injuries to the child’s head, hands or knees, and child responses included crying and non-verbal comments (e.g., “Ouch!”). Pain events occurred less frequently when parents had been supervising their child, and supervising parents reported lower levels of worry and anxiety than non-supervising parents. Child sex was significantly associated with parental estimates of pain intensity, with parents of girls giving higher estimates than parents of boys. Child age was significantly associated with both the number of pain events and with parental estimates of pain intensity and child distress: the youngest children (2–3 years) experienced the fewest pain events but received higher pain and distress estimates from parents than older children. Hierarchal Linear Modeling revealed that parental estimates of pain severity were significant positive predictors of parental distress and catastrophizing in response to a specific pain event. Furthermore, higher levels of parental catastrophic thinking in response to a specific pain event resulted in increased distress, solicitousness, and coping-promoting behaviors in parents. The EMA data revealed that children reported significantly higher pain intensity than their parents.Conclusion: The electronic pain diary provided a key insight into the nature of “everyday” pain experiences around the family home. Digital daily reporting of how the family copes with “everyday” events represents a viable means to explore a child’s everyday pains without disrupting their home environment.

A Dyadic Investigation of Depressed Affect and Interspousal Behavior in Couples With Chronic Back Pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M Post ◽  
David A Smith ◽  
John W Burns ◽  
Laura S Porter ◽  
Francis J Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Pain Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Electronic Diary ◽  
Higher Criticism ◽  
Depressed Affect ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Background Depression and marital discord are characteristic not only of individuals with chronic low back pain (ICPs) but also of their spouses. Purpose We examined actor–partner interdependence models to evaluate associations among depressed affect and criticism and support of partners at the same time point (concurrent effects) and 3 hr later (lagged effects). Fully dyadic models were used to account for both within-person and cross-spouse associations among depressed affect, criticism, and support for ICPs and spouses. We also examined the direction of the relationships (depressed affect predicting behavior and behavior predicting depressed affect) all while controlling for pain intensity, pain behavior, and the prior dependent variable. Methods ICPs (n = 105) and their spouses completed electronic diary measures of depressed affect and behavior (criticism and support) five times a day for 2 weeks. Hierarchical linear modeling with person-mean centering was used for data analysis. Results Within the same 3 hr epoch, more depressed affect was related to higher criticism and generally less support. Lagged analyses suggested bidirectional relationships between spouse’s own depressed affect and spouse’s own criticism of ICPs. Spouse depressed affect was also associated with decreased support received from ICPs. Pain behavior and pain intensity were also related to depressed affect, criticism, and support especially concurrently. Conclusions Theories and interventions need to address not only ICP depressed affect but also spouse depressed affect, as spouse depressed affect may be a stress generating precursor to criticism and support.

Individual and Family Correlates of Community Living Options Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Inclusion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan M. Burke ◽  
Chung eun Lee ◽  
Moon Y. Chung ◽  
Kristina Rios ◽  
Catherine K. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Group Homes ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Adults With Disabilities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home

Abstract With recent policy changes and case-law decisions, there are more opportunities for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to live independently in inclusive settings. It is necessary to identify malleable correlates of community living options to develop interventions to increase inclusive, independent living. To this end, 546 parents and siblings of adults with IDD responded to a national survey. According to parent and sibling report, adults with IDD were more likely to live outside of the family home when the family engaged in future planning, the individual had more informal supports and more functional abilities and had parents with fewer caregiving abilities. Among the 187 adults with IDD who lived outside of the family home, individuals with more problem behaviors and fewer functional abilities were more likely to live in larger group homes (versus independently with or without supports). Further, when the family engaged in more future planning activities, adults with disabilities were more likely to live in a group home (versus independently). When parents had fewer caregiving abilities, adults with disabilities were more likely to live in bigger group homes (versus independently). Implications for policymakers, practitioners, and research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Image of the Family and Family Home in Małgorzata Musierowicz’s Series of Novels, and the Stereotype of the Family in Contemporary Polish Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Senderska ◽  
Iwona Mityk ◽  
Ewa Piotrowska-Oberda
Keyword(s):  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
Family Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Family Home ◽  
The One ◽  
Over 40 Years

AbstractThe article discusses the image of the family and the family home in a series of novels for young people by the popular Polish writer Małgorzata Musierowicz in the context of literary conventions and stereotypes about the family in contemporary Polish society. The novels, which cover a period of over 40 years, generally fit contemporary Polish realities; however, the didactic function of the novels results in the author creating an idealized image of the Polish intellectual family, filling the readers with optimism. The picture created by the writer, on the one hand, fits perfectly into the stereotype of the family, which is one of the values highly esteemed by Poles. On the other hand, it adapts to the conventions of novels for girls. In this article, the stereotype of the family is reconstructed on the basis of language data and surveys. We present the meanings and contexts of family as a noun and family as an adjective. We also present the results of our survey, the aim of which was to determine an essence of a stereotypical family and how the traditional family model is comprehended by respondents coming from various groups. We also present the respondents’ attitude to the patriarchal family model and the division of roles into male and female. In our opinion, the correspondence between the family picture created in the novels and the image of the family operating in social consciousness is the reason for the popularity of the series.

scholarly journals The 25(OH)D3, but Not 1,25(OH)2D3 Levels Are Elevated in IBD Patients Regardless of Vitamin D Supplementation and Do Not Associate with Pain Severity or Frequency

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Anna Zielińska ◽  
Aleksandra Sobolewska-Włodarczyk ◽  
Maria Wiśniewska-Jarosińska ◽  
Anita Gąsiorowska ◽  
Jakub Fichna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Due to its immunomodulatory effect, vitamin D has been associated with clinical parameters and outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) which are chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Upon synthesis or digestion, vitamin D is metabolized in the liver to form 25(OH)D3, the major circulating metabolite. Further renal hydroxylation generates 1,25(OH)2D3, the most potent metabolite. Our aim was to examine the association between vitamin D levels, and its supplementation and pain intensity in 39 IBD patients and 33 healthy individuals. 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 serum levels were measured. Each subject filled out visual analog scale (VAS) and Laitinen’s pain assessment scales. Laboratory results were obtained, and disease activity was assessed. Linear regression was employed to investigate the correlation between 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and pain intensity, clinical activity parameters, C-reactive protein, disease duration, and dietary habits. In IBD patients, 25(OH)D3 was increased, whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 was not. Vitamin D3 supplementation did not influence their levels. No correlation was found between pain scores, disease activity, inflammatory status, disease duration or dietary habits and both forms of vitamin D. Elevated 25(OH)D3 and normal 1,25(OH)D3 were found in IBD patients as compared to the controls. We discovered no effect from supplementation and no association between pain severity and vitamin D.

scholarly journals Keith Stewartson, 20 September 1925 - 7 May 1983

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 545-569
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Mechanics Of Fluids ◽  
School Certificate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home

Keith Stewartson, one of the most mathematically profound of this century’s great applied mathematicians active in the mechanics of fluids, was brought up in Billingham, County Durham , where his father was a master baker. Keith was the youngest of three children, two boys and a girl, but his sister died very young and he was not subsequently able to remember her. Later on, an eminent academic career was nearly smothered at its inception when the eleven-plus examiners failed Keith Stewartson. Fortunately, however, they put him on a reserve list, from which he was in the end selected for entry to Stockton Secondary School. After a brilliant performance in the School Certificate Keith was encouraged to enter only a year later, in 1942, for the Higher School Certificate. Immediately after his extremely distinguished examination achievement leading to a State Scholarship and Kitchener Memorial Scholarship to St Catharine’s College, Cambridge, the family home received a direct hit from a German bomb. Happily, however, the Stewartsons escaped owing to their air-raid shelter’s robust construction.

A screwball property: Love It or List It as postfeminist realty TV

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Critique ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Television Programme ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Screwball Comedy ◽  
Depression Era

This article argues that the property television programme, Love It or List It (2008–), employs conventions from the classic screwball comedy to both consolidate its position within the lucrative realty TV market – especially in response to the recent (2008) recession – and negotiate modern gender dynamics within the home. Its Depression-era (1930s) financial and aesthetic resonances are not incidental. And, as with much contemporary culture, this modern iteration of the screwball comedy is not discretely contained by medium or genre of influence: Love It or List It also borrows flourishes from documentary, tabloid TV, melodrama and the gothic novel. In keeping with its reference to a kind of baseball pitching style that is difficult for hitters to anticipate, the screwball’s tendency to suddenly switch course has been identified as its central means for engaging in cultural critique. Love It or List It as an exemplar of reality TV’s recombinant style is still very much like its cinematic predecessor: it has the adeptness to say many things to many audiences. This article makes no claims for Love It or List It’s progressive politics; rather, as with some classic screwball comedies, it explores the possibility that equivocating, shifting course or otherwise abandoning narrative logic register a profound ambivalence about marriage, coupledom and the family home as sacrosanct loci of modern life.

Methods for Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Assess Weight-related Behaviors in the Home Environment of Children from Low-Income, Racially/Ethnically Diverse and Immigrant Households (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Trofholz ◽  
Allan Tate ◽  
Mark Janowiec ◽  
Angela Fertig ◽  
Katie Loth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Conducting Phase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an innovative tool to capture in-the-moment health behaviors as people go about their regular lives. EMA is an ideal tool to measure weight-related behaviors, such as parent feeding practices, stress, and dietary intake, as these occur on a daily basis and vary across time and context. A recent systematic review recommended standardized reporting of EMA design for studies that address weight-related behaviors. OBJECTIVE This manuscript describes in detail the EMA design of the Family Matters study. METHODS Family Matters is an incremental, two-phased, mixed-methods study conducted with a racially/ethnically diverse and immigrant/refugee sample from largely low-income households designed to examine the risk and protective factors for childhood obesity in the home environment. The Family Matters study intentionally recruited White, Black, Hmong, Latino, Native American, and Somali parents with young children. Parents in Phase I of the study completed eight days of EMA on their smart phones, which included 1) signal-contingent surveys (e.g., asking about the parent’s stress at the time of the survey); 2) event-contingent surveys (e.g., descriptions of the meal the child ate); 3) end-of-day surveys (e.g., overall assessment of the child’s day).cribes in detail the EMA design of the Family Matters study. RESULTS A detailed description of EMA strategies, protocols, and methods used in Phase I of the Family Matters study is provided. Compliance with EMA surveys and participant time spent completing EMA surveys is presented, stratified by race/ethnicity. Additionally, lessons learned while conducting Phase I EMA are shared to document how EMA methods were improved and expanded upon for Phase II. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study provide an important next step in identifying best practices for EMA use in assessing weight-related behaviors in the home environment.

scholarly journals Improving the transition process to independent living for adolescents with profound intellectual disabilities. Experiences of parents and employees.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Roos ◽  
Erik Sondenaa
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
General Information ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Subjective Burden ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home

Abstract Background The transition process from the family home to independent living for young adults with profound intellectual disability (PID) becomes delayed. Those families face challenges that exceed those of typical families such as higher objective and subjective burden, more frequent psychological distress and lower social support. The aim of this study was to explore the collaboration process between parents and employees and identify factors that improve the transition with less burden. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was undertaken with 18 persons (9 parents and 9 employees) interviewed individually and in groups. In accordance with the municipality`s guidelines, families with a child with PID should apply for housing, when the child turns 16. The purpose is to ensure interdisciplinary collaboration, information flow and coordinated services according to family’s needs. The main question in the interviews was ‘What was your experience with cooperation in the transition process, and what would you do to improve this process?’ The interviews were analysed with a thematic approach using systematic text condensation.Results The parents experienced a lack of general information about the ‘housing waiting list’, level of services, and the plan for time of moving from the family home, and how to choose where and whom to live with. Parents described an unsustainable burden of care during the waiting period, and a family crisis caused the allocation of an apartment in a group house. Employees shared challenges to meet families’ wishes, as there were too few group homes. They experienced good collaboration with families and said they offered respite care, due to reduce parents’ burden of care. Employees experienced that PID adolescents developed skills, mastery and degrees of independence after completing a residency at the Folk High School. Conclusions To improve the transition process from family home to independent living for young adults with PID, the informants highlighted some factors to reduce the burden of care on families: 1) Systematic follow-up program for families to observe their needs at an early stage; 2) More available group houses; 3) Information about the housing priorities of the services and; 4) Educational preparation programs for families.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document