scholarly journals Two-Step Estimation of the Impact of Contextual Variables on Technical Efficiency of Hospitals: The Case Study of Public Hospitals in Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efat Mohamadi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Kiani ◽  
Alireza Olyaeemanesh ◽  
Amirhossein Takian ◽  
Reza Majdzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Two Step Estimation ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Measuring the efficiency and productivity of hospitals is a key tool to cost contamination and management that is very important for any healthcare system for having an efficient system.Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of contextual factors on hospital efficiency in Iranian public hospitals.Methods: This was a quantitative and descriptive-analytical study conducted in two steps. First, we measured the efficiency score of teaching and non-teaching hospitals by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Second, the relationship between efficiency score and contextual factors was analyzed. We used median statistics (first and third quarters) to describe the concentration and distribution of each variable in teaching and non-teaching hospitals, then the Wilcoxon test was used to compare them. The Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between the efficiency of hospitals and contextual variables (province area, province population, population density, and the number of beds per hospital).Results: On average, the efficiency score in non-teaching hospitals in 31 provinces was 0.67 and for teaching hospitals was 0.54. Results showed that there is no significant relationship between the efficiency score and the number of hospitals in the provinces (p = 0.1 and 0.15, respectively). The relationship between the number of hospitals and the population of the province was significant and positive. Also, there was a positive relationship between the number of beds and the area of the province in both types of teaching and non-teaching hospitals.Conclusion: Multilateral factors influence the efficiency of hospitals and to address hospital inefficiency multi-intervention packages focusing on the hospital and its context should be developed. It is necessary to pay attention to contextual factors and organizational architecture to improve efficiency.

scholarly journals EVALUATING TREATMENT-SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND THE RELATED FACTORS AMONG THE DWELLERS OF SAFASHAHR CITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Sarehrashidi . ◽  
Abbas Yazdanpanah ◽  
Parvizaghayiibarzabad .
Keyword(s):  
Family Physician ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study aims to recognize and evaluate treatment-seeking behavior and the related factors among the dwellers of Safashahr city.Methods: The current applied research is cross-sectional with a population size of 380 and executed in a systematic random sampling among thedwellers of Safashahr city and the villages governed by it. SPSS version 22 has been utilized for analyzing the data in this study. T-test, Chi-squarevariance analysis, Pearson test, and Spearman test have been used to evaluate the significance and the relationship between the understudy variableswith the treatment-seeking variables.Results: 75% of participants in the study have reported being diagnosed with illness in the past 6 months. Visiting family physician was rankedhighest with an average 3.36 followed by public hospitals with an average of 3.05. However, they chose to go to clinic centers with an average of2.1. Self-medication has been reported for an average of 2.6% and 88.2% of the participants in this study have preferred to ignore the medium andless than medium treatment. In this study, a significant relationship has been found between age, number of family members, living location, salary,habitation status, and type of insurance with at least one of the search-for-treatment (p<0.05).Conclusion: Taking into account the findings of the research, lifting the society’s awareness about the consequences of self-medication and ignorancetoward treatment, continuing and executing the urban family physician in other areas, implementation of measures for limiting access to unprescribedmedications, increasing satisfaction, and trust toward public sector and provision and allocation of health resources across cities are recommended asappropriate solutions to improving the pattern of using health services.Keywords: Treatment seeking behavior, Self-medication.

scholarly journals A contingency view to novelty

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Rashidirad ◽  
Hamid Salimian ◽  
Ebrahim Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Service Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Market Turbulence ◽  
Contingency View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe aim of this study is to examine the impact of the fit between product-service strategy and sensing capability on novelty, and the potential moderating impact of contextual factors (i.e. technological and market turbulence) on novelty.Design/methodology/approachIn line with the aim of the study, a quantitative approach is adopted and a multi-item scale survey is designed to collect primary data. Using a mixed mode survey, a total number of 491 questionnaires are collected from a sample of UK-based telecommunications firms. Multiple regression is used to test the hypotheses and predict the outcomes.FindingsThe results support the positive contribution of a contingency approach to the study of the impact of the fit between product-service strategy and sensing dynamic capability on novelty. The results also partially confirm the reinforcing impact of technological and market turbulence on novelty.Originality/valueThis study extends research on product-service strategy and sensing capability by adopting a contingency view, which intends to serve two purposes: to complement the existing reductionistic explanations and to explore how the relationship between product-service strategy and sensing capability could create novelty as well as the degree to which this relationship could be moderated in light of the external contextual factors.

Should the Criteria for Evaluating an Organizational Theoretical Contribution be Universal, Distant from Cultural and Contextual Factors?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Aisha Ahmed Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Theory ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to discuss the criteria used for evaluating theoretical contributions and whether these are universally applicable. Questions are raised regarding the impact of cultural and contextual variables in perceiving the value of a theoretical contribution especially in the field of organizational theory.

Contextual factors moderating the impact of strategic management accounting on competitive advantage

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajide Oyewo
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Management Accounting ◽  
Deliberate Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study investigates the influence of six interrelated contextual factors, namely organisational structure, quality of information technology, business strategy in terms of deliberate strategy-formulation, market orientation, market competition and perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU), on the usage intensity of innovative management accounting techniques commonly referred to as strategic management accounting (SMA); the impact of SMA usage on competitive advantage; and the moderating influence of the contextual factors on the relationship between SMA usage and competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were obtained through a structured questionnaire from publicly listed manufacturing companies on the main board of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and moderated regression were used to analyse data. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to examine the validity and reliability of variables as first and second order of analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) (maximum likelihood estimation method) was applied to assess the robustness of result.FindingsMarket orientation and deliberate strategy-formulation emerged as significant determinants of SMA usage intensity. Although there is a significant relationship between SMA usage and competitive advantage, the strength of the relationship is moderate. Organisational structure, deliberate strategy-formulation and PEU significantly moderate the relationship between SMA usage and competitive advantage.Research limitations/implicationsThe emergence of deliberate strategy-formulation, as both a significant predictor of SMA usage intensity and as the strongest moderator of the relationship between SMA usage and competitive advantage, establish that it is organisations that take a proactive approach to strategy issues that may derive the most benefit from SMA utilisation.Practical implicationsThe result from this study brings to fore the need to involve management accountants in strategy-formulation and implementation in order to leverage their competence in deploying SMA techniques to enhance organisational competitiveness.Originality/valueThe current study is the first, to the researcher's knowledge, to specifically examine interrelated contextual factors distinctively affecting SMA usage and organisational competitiveness in a developing country. Whilst these six factors have been stressed as important determinants of the adoption of innovative management accounting techniques, the study provides empirical evidence on the extent to which they exert on SMA. The study presents empirical evidence on the relevance of market orientation—a construct which has surprisingly received little research attention in management accounting literature—as a variable which could affect the adoption of management accounting innovation.

The Impact of Audit Committees on the Realization of an Integration Relationship between Internal and External Audit when Conducting Audits. A Study on Public Shareholding Corporations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Ola Mohammad KHERSIAT
Keyword(s):  
Internal Audit ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
External Audit ◽  
External Auditor ◽  
External Audits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to investigate methods of achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audit when conducting audit procedures in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, as well as investigate the impact of audit committees achieving such a relationship since an effective internal audit effective  the external auditor`s estimations regarding control risks. The study concludes that all aspects of the realization of an integration relation between internal and external audit have achieved a fair ratio exceeding 60%. Spearman test was used to show the nature of the relationship between the internal and external audit. The test results showed that the relationship between these methods is vulnerable in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, and that audit committees have no statistically significant impact on achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audits  in conducting audit in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, since the ratio of audit committees interpretation (R2) which amounted to (.145) of the dependent variable difference ( achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audit in conducting audit) is relatively low, and that the P- value derived for this relation amounted to (.615) which is more than (5%) .

White Doctors and Black Patients: Influence of Race on the Doctor-Patient Relationship

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
David. R. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Doctor Patient Relationship ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Effective communication between doctor and patient, a skill not emphasized in medical education programs, is essential for patient satisfaction and optimal patient care. In many teaching hospitals, the doctor is commonly white and middle class and the patient black and indigent. Racial differences, even in the absence of social class differences, may have a negative impact on the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. The impact of racism is reviewed, and recommendations to enhance the relationship between white doctors and black patients, are made.

The mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship of vertical trust and distributed leadership in health care context

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 722-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims at investigating the effect of vertical trust on distributed leadership (DL) and performance as mediated by job satisfaction, and further to observe the role of DL in carrying out the effect of satisfaction on employees’ performance. Design/methodology/approach As grounded in the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) literature, the author proposes that employees’ participation in DL should be viewed as an extra role behavior, as leadership functions are not directly related to their job description. The study uses large-scale survey data from a study in one of Denmark’s largest public hospitals (N = 1,439). Findings The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis showed that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between vertical trust and DL, and DL had a positive impact on job performance. Furthermore, the results showed that job satisfaction had a positive impact on DL and employees’ performance. Moreover, DL has positively affected employees’ performance, and it carries the impact of job satisfaction on performance. Research limitations/implications The study showed that trust and job satisfaction are important triggers of DL. Furthermore, results are interesting because literature so far has shown an insignificant relationship between satisfaction and performance. Here, the author establishes that the satisfaction–performance relationship is mediated by DL. The findings should motivate health care organizations to introduce structures and educate formal leaders so that DL can be enabled. Originality/value This should be the first study that relates trust and DL in an empirical manner. As grounded in the OCB literature, results also showed the significance of job satisfaction as a mediator variable.

scholarly journals PENGARUH APLIKASI DISCORD DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATAKULIAH KOMPUTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
M.Rasyid Ridho ◽  
Muhaimin Muhaimin ◽  
Harry Soedarto Harjono
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to explain the influence of Discord application in online learning on student learning outcomes and motivation. Quantitative method with quasi-experimental design with 40 samples. Data collection uses tests and questionnaires, analysis data using instrument tests, normality, homogeneity, while hypothetical tests use Wilcoxon, Mann-Whiteney (U), and Spearman tests. The results of post-test experiment class obtained an average score 83.5 higher than control class 61.25. Based on Wilcoxon Test Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) obtained 0.000 < 0.05, Ha1 received, Mann-Whiteney Test (U) High motivation obtained U= 1,500 Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) obtained 0.000 < 0.05, Ha2 Low motivation obtained U=0.000 Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) obtained 0.000 < 0.05, Ha3 received, there is a significant difference between the results of using discord application and using Whatsapp, Spearman Test Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) obtained 0.000 < 0.05, Ha4 received, correlation coefficient value of 0.973** means the relationship between learning motivation variables and learning outcomes is very strong.

scholarly journals Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Control Versus Contextual Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students From Poland

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Urszula Kobylińska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The article analyses the influence of personal and contextual variables on entrepreneurial intentions of students from Poland. The article presents a structural model that has been developed from a set of student perceptions. Chosen variables included in the model allows explaining and managing the formation of the intention in the context of higher education. This study provides answers to the following questions: What role and which personal variables do play importance in the formation of entrepreneurship intention in the case of young people? Which and how contextual variables are important to enhance personal variables for entrepreneurial intentions? Methodology: The research was carried out by using critical literature analysis as well as statistical research. In carrying out this work, a causal quantitative methodology (structural equation modeling) was applied using the Amos program. Factor analysis has also been used in a descriptive methodological context. The empirical research was conducted in first quarter of 2020. Findings: Research conducted on a sample of over 330 Polish students has shown that not all personal factors are statistically significant in assessing the entrepreneurial intentions of young people. As the results show, subjective norms do not play a significant role in the intention to take up self-employment. External (contextual) factors related to the broadly understood environment supporting the future entrepreneur play an important role, but much less clear than the factors at the individual level and generally indirectly influence entrepreneurial intentions, strengthening the entrepreneur's personal factors. Practical Implications: The results suppose a theoretical and practical contribution to the promotion of entrepreneur intentions of university students inside and outside the educational context. Entrepreneurship promotion programmes run by universities must focus on developing the attitude of the potential entrepreneurs, conveying the message that, despite all the obstacles that exist when launching a business, the entrepreneurship route can be an interesting alternative. Originality/Value: In the study, the personal and contextual factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of students were taken into account. The causal model generated on a sample of 332 Polish respondents shows the importance of individual factors on entrepreneurial intentions and the impact of contextual constructs on personal factors. Contextual variables (i.e. education, public policy, supporting entrepreneurial environments) were found to have a positive impact on personal variables as well as entrepreneurial intentions.

scholarly journals Assessment of technical efficiency of public hospitals in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Küçük ◽  
Volkan Soner Özsoy ◽  
Dursun Balkan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Hospital Efficiency ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Turkish public hospitals have been subjected to health care reform because of increasing cost pressure, inequities in access to health care, poor quality of care and limited patient responsiveness in the last three decades. This study investigates the impact of recent hospital reforms on the efficiency of public hospitals. Methods The study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of Turkish hospitals by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The estimation of efficiency of 669 public hospitals of Turkey is performed by an output-oriented model of DEA under the assumption of variable return-to-scale by using data collected from the Ministry of Health (MoH) over the period 2013–17. Results The average efficiency score is equal to 0.83 for all MoH hospitals. Considering the hospital type, the efficiency scores of training and research hospitals are higher than those of the general and branch hospitals. In addition, considering the hospital size, huge-scale hospitals have the highest efficiency score in all years. Moreover, overcrowded regions such as Marmara and South-eastern Anatolia regions had higher efficiency scores than other geographical regions. Conclusions The results indicate that recent health reforms did not significantly enhance hospital efficiency. Thus, policymakers and managers should take the necessary precautions to increase hospital efficiency.

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