scholarly journals Plant Nitrogen Uptake From Insect Frass Is Affected by the Nitrification Rate as Revealed by Urease and Nitrification Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Watson ◽  
Timo Preißing ◽  
Florian Wichern
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Release

Insect protein production is considered a sustainable alternative to livestock protein which furthermore utilizes waste streams. Its production can have positive but also potentially negative environmental effects, which require evaluation. Frass, the byproduct of insect production, is regarded an efficient organic fertilizer or soil amendment. However, several studies report negative frass effects on plant growth and nitrogen (N) cycling. Therefore, a pot trial was carried out which sought to understand N release from frass and subsequent growth and nutrient uptake of Italian ryegrass. Mealworm frass (MWF) or buffalo worm frass (BFW) was applied at two rates (1.5 and 3% w/w) to a soil-sand mix. To evaluate N release processes, frass was applied alone, with a nitrification inhibitor (NI), a urease inhibitor (UI), or both (NI+UI). Plant N, nutrient uptake and soil inorganic N were measured at the experiment's end. To gauge whether altered N fluxes induced changes in the microbial community, soil microbial biomass, bacterial/archaeal abundances and ergosterol content as a fungal biomarker, were determined. Both frass types and application rates stimulated microbial growth and N mineralization. The 3% rate inhibited seed germination, possibly due to salinity or ammonia toxicity. At the 1.5% rate, both frass types were effective fertilizers. MWF led to higher biomass and nutrient uptake, owing to its higher extractable nutrient concentrations. The 3% rate caused nitrite accumulation in the absence of NI. NI improved plant biomass, nutrient uptake, stimulated archaeal and bacterial abundances and prevented nitrite accumulation. UI reduced N mineralization, showing that a substantial fraction of frass organic N is ureic. UI enhanced fungal contribution to the microbial biomass, revealing the importance of bacteria in frass N mineralization processes when UI is not applied. NI and UI combined, induced greater N release from frass than UI or NI alone. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of NI and UI in studying N release from frass. NI can improve plant N uptake and minimize N losses following frass application, reducing its potentially negative effects. UI can retard N release from frass, allowing its application as a slow-release fertilizer, but should not be used concurrently with NI.

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Soil microbial biomass C, N mineralization, and N uptake by corn in dairy cattle slurry- and urea-amended soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry

A spring application of dairy cattle slurry (300 kg total N ha−1) on high- and low-fertility sites resulted in higher microbial biomass C during the growing season than on a control soil or a soil receiving 100 kg N ha−1 as urea. Microbial biomass C was also significantly higher on the high-fertility site and was reflected in greater N mineralization and N uptake by corn. There was no greater net N mineralization in the manured soil than in the control or fertilized soil as would be expected as a result of higher microbial biomass C and significant organic N contribution from the manure. Key words: Animal manure, nitrogen mineralization, corn, grain yields, soil fertility

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Dynamics in Tropical Cerrado Woodland Streams

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nícolas Reinaldo Finkler ◽  
Flavia Tromboni ◽  
Iola Boëchat ◽  
Björn Gücker ◽  
Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Lotic Ecosystem

Pollution abatement through phosphorus and nitrogen retention is a key ecosystem service provided by streams. Human activities have been changing in-stream nutrient concentrations, thereby altering lotic ecosystem functioning, especially in developing countries. We estimated nutrient uptake metrics (ambient uptake length, areal uptake rate, and uptake velocity) for nitrate (NO3–N), ammonium (NH4–N), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in four tropical Cerrado headwater streams during 2017, through whole-stream nutrient addition experiments. According to multiple regression models, ambient SRP concentration was an important explanatory variable of nutrient uptake. Further, best models included ambient NO3–N and water velocity (for NO3–N uptake metrics), dissolved oxygen (DO) and canopy cover (for NH4–N); and DO, discharge, water velocity, and temperature (for SRP). The best kinetic models describing nutrient uptake were efficiency-loss (R2 from 0.47–0.88) and first-order models (R2 from 0.60–0.85). NO3–N, NH4–N, and SRP uptake in these streams seemed coupled as a result of complex interactions of biotic P limitation, abiotic P cycling processes, and the preferential uptake of NH4–N among N-forms. Global change effects on these tropical streams, such as temperature increase and nutrient enrichment due to urban and agricultural expansion, may have adverse and partially unpredictable impacts on whole-stream nutrient processing.

Nitrogen mineralisation rates from soil amended with dairy pond waste

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Noonan ◽  
M. Zaman ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
H. J. Di
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
N Release ◽  
Soluble C ◽  
Water Soluble C

An open incubation and leaching study was conducted under controlled temperature (25°C) and moisture conditions to measure the N mineralisation rate in soil amended with dairy pond sludge. The dairy pond sludge was applied at 3 different rates equivalent to 0, 200, and 400 kg N/ha. The incubation was conducted at 3 different soil moisture potentials (0, -3, and -13 kPa). Following each 2-week period of incubation, the soil was leached with 2 pore volumes of deionised water to remove the mineralisation products. Mineralisation products in the leachate and enzyme activities, microbial biomass C and N, pH, and water-soluble C in the soil were determined. The incubation lasted 18 weeks. Rapid release of nitrate occurred during the first 6 weeks of incubation, followed by a slow release over the remainder of the incubation period. Although the total amount of N released in the 200 kg N/ha treatment (169 mg N/kg soil) was less than in the 400 kg N/ha treatment (206 mg N/kg soil), when expressed as a percentage of the organic N applied, the amount of N released at the lower rate (18·4%) was greater than that at the higher rate of sludge treatment (13·0%). Rapid nitrification decreased the soil leachate ammonium concentration and the soil pH. Soil microbial biomass, water-soluble C, and deaminase activity were significantly increased after the addition of dairy pond sludge. The increase in soil microbial biomass observed was probably due to the increased water-soluble C and nutrients that stimulated the soil microbial growth. The rapid N release and nitrification rates observed were attributed to the low C : N ratio (12·7), high ammonium content (145 mg N/kg) of the dairy pond sludge used, and the optimum moisture and temperature conditions. The narrow range of soil water potential conditions did not have any significant effect on N release rate or amount.

Soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by landscape position and nitrogen fertilizer

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Soon ◽  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Upper Slope

The influence o f landscape position on the dynamics of N in the soil-plant system has not been adequately studied. Our aim with this study on a predominantly Black Chernozem soil was to evaluate the effect of slope position (upper vs. lower) and N fertilizer application (none vs. 60 kg N ha-1) on soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) N through the growing season. Landscape position had a dominant effect on soil NO3− and soluble organic N (SON) concentrations, especially in the surface 15 cm. These pools of soil N and net N mineralization were greater at the lower than at the upper slope position. The landscape effect is attributed to higher organic matter content (as measured by organic C) and water availability in lower compared with upper slope positions. Nitrogen application had no measurable effect on soil NO3− and SON concentrations. Exchangeable and non-exchangeable NH4+ were little affected by slope position or N fertilization. Nitrogen application increased wheat N uptake; however, its influence was less than that of slope position, especially on N accumulation in wheat heads during grain-filling. Although N application increased wheat yields, landscape position exerted the greater influence: grain yield was less on upper than lower slope positions due to earlier onset of crop maturity. During grain filling, net N mineralization was suppressed at the upper slope position and by N application. The increase in crop yield and N uptake due to N application was not significantly different between slope positions. This study demonstrated that landscape position had a greater influence on N dynamics and availability than the application of typical amounts of fertilizer N and that the two effects were mostly independent of each other. Key words: Available N, landscape position, N uptake, net N mineralization, soluble organic N

scholarly journals Irrigation Frequency Alters Nutrient Uptake in Container-grown Rhododendron Plants Grown with Different Rates of Nitrogen

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn F. Scagel ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Richard P. Regan
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

The influence of irrigation frequency (same amount of water per day given at different times) on nutrient uptake of container-grown evergreen Rhododendron ‘P.J.M. Compact’ (PJM) and ‘English Roseum’ (ER) and deciduous Rhododendron ‘Gibraltar’ (AZ) grown with different rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer was evaluated. Increased N application rate increased nutrient uptake and plant dry biomass. Irrigation frequency did not significantly influence total plant dry biomass; however, more frequent irrigation decreased net uptake of several nutrients including phosphorus (P), boron (B), and manganese (Mn) uptake in all cultivars; potassium (K), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) uptake in AZ and ER; sulfur (S) uptake in ER and PJM; and iron (Fe) uptake in AZ. Additionally, more frequent irrigation of evergreen cultivars increased calcium (Ca) uptake. Covariate analyses were used to compare nutrient uptake among cultivars and irrigation treatments after accounting for the variability in nutrient uptake attributable to differences in biomass and N uptake. For most nutrients, the influence of irrigation frequency on uptake was partially attributable to differences in biomass and N uptake. After accounting for the variability in nutrient uptake associated with biomass or N uptake, increased irrigation frequency decreased P, S, B, Cu, and Mn uptake only in ER and increased Ca uptake in the two evergreen cultivars. Differences in nutrient uptake among cultivars in response to irrigation treatments were related to water and N availability during production and their combined influence on water stress, nutrient uptake, and biomass partitioning. Estimates of nutrient demand and uptake efficiency using nutrient concentrations and ratios are discussed in relation to nutrient management differences for different cultivars and irrigation treatments.

Effects of modifying plant carbon inputs on nitrogen distribution in intact cores of a perennial grass pasture

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA Robertson ◽  
RJK Myers ◽  
PG Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
15N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Plant Shoots

Perennial pastures can accumulate large quantities of roots and surface litter of high C:N ratio, which may reduce N availability to the plant by stimulating microbial immobilization. We studied the effects of modifying carbon inputs from roots and litter on the distribution of nitrogen (N) in plant and soil fractions of an old N-deficient green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) pasture. Intact pasture cores were taken from the field to a glasshouse, and the surface litter was removed before applying the following treatments: (i) surface litter added, (ii) roots pruned to kill approximately 60% of roots, and (iii) plant shoots removed. A small pulse of 15N as ammonium sulfate was added to the soil surface, and the cores were destructively sampled on several occasions over the following 4 months. Litter addition had little effect on N uptake by uncut plants. When plant shoots were removed, litter markedly reduced plant N uptake. Litter increased N and 15N in microbial biomass and N and 15N stabilized in non-biomass soil organic matter, and reduced loss of N from the cores. Root pruning had little effect on N distribution, except for an initial reduction in plant uptake. Removal of pasture shoots markedly increased soil nitrate and loss of 15N, and decreased non-biomass organic N and 15N. Recovery of 15N in non-biomass organic matter was around three times greater than 15N in microbial biomass, and was closely associated with microbial CO2 production. There was evidence that 15N entered the non-biomass organic matter by both abiotic and microbially mediated processes. In these pastures, the non-biomass soil organic matter may be a more important sink for N than the microbial biomass.

Nitrogen dynamics and red pine growth following application of pelletized biosolids in Massachusetts, USA

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1477-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Kelty ◽  
Fabián D Menalled ◽  
Maggie M Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total N

Pelletized biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment were applied to a thinned red pine plantation to determine if there were treatment levels that could produce a fertilization growth response without resulting in unacceptable nitrate leaching. The pellets (total nutrient concentrations of 4.4% N, 1.4% P, 0.2% K) were applied at four levels (0, 200, 400, 800 kg/ha total N). Only 26% of labile organic N in the pellets was mineralized in the first year after application. Foliar N increased with increasing application rate, but other nutrients were unchanged. Red pine basal area growth was unchanged with low and medium levels, but decreased to 50% of control plots with the highest level. A decrease in foliar K/N ratio resulting from high N uptake with little additional K is hypothesized as the cause for the growth decline. The highest treatment level resulted in lysimeter nitrate-N concentrations increasing to 2 mg/L in the first year and 9 mg/L in the second, returning to control levels in the third; no increase occurred in other treatments. These results contrast with those found with liquid sludge applications, in which nearly all N mineralization and the highest nitrate leaching rates occurred in the first year. The slower release of inorganic N from pellets over 2 years may allow higher total N application rates without causing high nitrate leaching.

Effets de deux incorporations d'engrais verts sur le rendement et la nutrition en azote du blé (Triticum aestivum L.), ainsi que sur les propriétés physiques et biologiques du sol

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Abdallahi ◽  
A. N'Dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
N Mineralization Potential

The effects of two applications of green manures (1993 and 1995) on soil physical and biological properties, on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields and N uptake were investigated in 1996 in a Le Bras loam (Humic Gleysol). The green manures as main factor were clover (Trifolium pratense L.), buckwheat (Fagapyrum esculentum L.), millet (Sorghum sudanensis L.), mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), colza (Brassica campestris L.) and a control without green manure. The sub-factors consisted of four N fertilizer rates for subsequent wheat: 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha−1. Green manure application significantly increased the soil water stable aggregates (MWD), and the > 0,25 mm fractions of water-stable aggregates (P < 0,05). Levels of soil microbial biomass, alcaline phosphatase and urease activities, and the N mineralization potential were also significantly increased by green manure treatments compared to the control. A 200 to 300% increase in wheat yields and N uptake were obtained, depending on green manure species, compared to the control. The results of this study provide quantitative evidence that wheat yields and N uptake increases were mainly due to N addition into soil and the improvement in soil physical and biological properties by green manure application. Key words: Green manure, wheat yields and N uptake, water stable aggregates, microbial biomass, N mineralization potential, soil enzymes

scholarly journals Pattern of N Mineralization and Nutrient Uptake of Tithonia diversifolia and Saccharum officinarum Leaves in Sandy Loam Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulfita Farni ◽  
Sugeng Prijono ◽  
Retno Suntari ◽  
Eko Handayanto
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
N Release ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Background: This study aimed to determine the pattern of N mineralization of tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) leaves and assess the uptake of N nutrients in maize by giving T. diversifolia and S. officinarum leaves with different qualities on sandy loam soil. Methods: The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with following treatment: T1 (100% T. diversifolia), T2 (100% S. officinarum), T3 (75% T. diversifolia: 25% S. officinarum), T4 (50% S. officinarum: 50% T. diversifolia), T5 (25% T. diversifolia leaves: 75% S. officinarum), T6 (without T. diversifolia and S. officinarum or control). Result: The results showed that the N mineralization pattern of the organic matter combination was significantly higher than the control for all observations. The amount of N mineral released in each treatment was T1 (54.58-529.7 mg/kg), T2 (41.80-381 mg/kg), T3 (47.69-473.6 mg/kg), T4 (46.70-424.0 mg/kg), T5 (70.69-378.9 mg/kg) and T6 (47.14-303.6 9 mg/kg). The sequence of cumulative N release during 12 weeks of incubation was T1 (529 mg/kg) greater than T3 (573.6 mg/kg) greater than T4 (424.0 mg/kg) greater than T2 (381 mg/kg) greater than T5 (378.9 mg/kg) greater than T6 (303.6 mg/kg). These results suggested that T. diversifolia and S. officinarum leaves significantly increased N nutrient uptake in maize by 125% to 144.54%.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake, Partitioning, and Production of Two Subspecies of Brassica using Different Solution Concentrates in Floating Hydroponics Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Mercy Bientri Yunindanova ◽  
Subuh Pramono ◽  
Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pak Choi

In this study, we investigated nutrient uptake, partitioning, and production of two subspecies of Brassica in response to nutrient solution concentration in floating hydroponics systems. This study used a complete randomized block design factorial with two factors. The first factor was two Brassica subspecies consisting of Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Pak Choi) and Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (Choy Sum). The second factor was the concentration level consisting electrical conductivity (EC) 1 mS cm-1 and EC 2 mS cm-1. The results indicated the absorption rates of nitrogen (N,) phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in leaves, roots and stems were similar in both nutrient concentrations. In general, all combination treatments resulted more accumulation of P followed by N, also K as the smallest proportion. P was mostly accumulated at the root and leaves (19.60 to 25.90 mg g-1), while majority of N was collected in leaves ranging from 18.00 to 24.30 mg g-1. The highest K content was detected in the stem (10.70 to 14.20 mg g-1). P uptake was 1.69 to 2.47 times higher than K, while N uptake was 1.44 to 2.04 times higher than K. Both two subspecies and concentrations performed no significant effects on nutrient uptake. Although same species, the plant growth parameters of Pak Choi and Choy Sum are very different including plant height, leaves number, width and length. Both two subspecies adapted well with both concentrations. However, significant differences were recorded in the combination of subspecies and nutrient concentration on plant growth and production parameters. To achieve higher market portion, Pak Choi would be more suitable to be planted on EC 1 mS cm-1, while Choy Sum was favorable at both concentrations.

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