scholarly journals The Story of a Re-Operating Windmill

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Enikő Bitay ◽  
László Márton ◽  
János Talpas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Grinding Speed ◽  
Grain Milling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract Research on the history of the development of grain milling structures is a priority topic of the Department of Technical Sciences of the Transylvanian Museum Association. Quite a few publications and study volumes contain the results of the research. The present dissertation presents another grinding structure, the windmill, its reconstruction, creating a connection between the theoretical foundations and the practical implementation. Although it was built as a museum and tourist object, it is also a significant work from the point of view of technical history. The Felsőszentiván windmill is powered by a 14-meter-diameter windmill. The mill has a two-stage accelerator gear that increases the low, non-grinding speed of the wind turbine for the rotation typical of grindstone mills. The upper stones of a pair of grindstones rest on a vertical axis, and by raising this the gap between the stones can be adjusted. This determines the particle size of the grind. The windmill consists of three functional parts: a windmill, an accelerator gear and a grain mill made up of a pair of grindstones.

scholarly journals JUDICIAL UNCERTAINTIES CONCERNING TERRITORIAL SEA DELIMITATION UNDER ARTICLE 15 OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Lando
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
History Of ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Tribunals ◽  
The Law ◽  
Special Circumstances

AbstractRecent international jurisprudence has shown considerable uncertainty with regard to the delimitation of the territorial sea. While international tribunals endorse a two-stage approach to territorial sea delimitation, there is a lack of judicial consensus on the practical implementation of such an approach. This article argues that the rule-exception relationship between equidistance and special circumstances, as reflected in the drafting history of LOSC Article 15 and in jurisprudence prior to 2007, should inform the delimitation of the territorial sea. Cases since 2007 which have strayed from the earlier jurisprudence on LOSC Article 15, should be seen as a misconstruction of the law applicable to territorial sea delimitation.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A TWO-STAGE SAVONIUS WIND TURBINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
L. B. Kothe ◽  
A. P. Petry
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Index Method

This article presents a numerical and experimental study of vertical axis wind turbine performance comparison involving a two-stage Savonius rotor with similar parameters. The experimental study is conducted in the aerodynamic tunnel at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The aerodynamics rotors are manufactured by 3D prototyping technique. Numerical simulations are performed using the Finite Volumes Method performed by the solution of the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and continuity equations using the SST k-ω turbulence model. The numerical domain is modeled in order to maintain the same characteristics of the experimental model. The mesh quality is evaluated through the GCI (Grid Convergence Index) method. The static and dynamic torque coefficients and the power coefficients are compared. The tests are made without blockage corrections due to the small blockage ratio from 7.5%. Results show that the turbine has a positive static torque coefficient for any rotor angles. The dynamic torque reaches the maximum value for a tip speed ratio (λ) of 0.2 for the experimental and numerical cases. The relative difference between the numerical simulations and the experimental results are between 3.8% and 13.4%.

Numerical analysis of the one-stage and two-stage helical Savonius vertical axis wind turbine

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seralathan ◽  
P. S. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Subham Singh ◽  
Rabin Raj ◽  
S. Sathish
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

scholarly journals Historical Method in Bibliography Science by E.K. Bespalova

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407
Author(s):  
Elena Y. Azheeva
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Legacy ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The scientific legacy of Emilia Konstantinovna Bespalova, well-known Russian bibliographer, theorist and historian of bibliography, includes more than 200 works. She laid her own line in theoretical and methodological understanding of bibliography science and activity. “Formation of Bibliographic Thought in Russia (Up to the 60s of the 19th century)” is the last fundamental work of E.K. Bespalova; it describes the philosophical and methodological explication of bibliography as a naturally occurring phenomenon of information nature. There was formed unique method of analysis that considered historical and bibliographic facts in the context of professionalization of bibliographic activity. The analysis of bibliographic phenomena applied by E.K. Bespalova can be generally described as combination of modern theoretical knowledge on bibliography, methodology of system-activity approach and philosophy of historical process. The historical-theoretical method of studying bibliographic activity at different stages of its development allows a modern researcher to see the institutional significance of bibliographic processes as one of the full-fledged components of the global information picture.Analyzing the initial, original object of bibliographic activity — a book, the scientist proves that it was the process of replication and therefore the need to create the secondary structure of a book in a form of title page, which made a book to be the “book”. Through the concept of “book” E.K. Bespalova also traces interaction and sequential connection of three systems — “knowledge”, “book” (“document”) and “bibliographic document”. From the point of view of cognitive potential of the history of bibliography, bibliographical guide is of historical and theoretical interest being the result of activity and the object of desobjectivation in it of the conceptual theoretical-methodological and historical representations of authors, composers and doers of the history of bibliography. As the main differentiation of bibliographic products, Bespalova puts forward the division into timer bibliographic subsystems (reflection of current, retrospective, prospective primary flow) and chorographic subsystems that restrict documentary flows by the territorial and linguistic principle. The historical method by E.K. Bespalova reveals a wide range of theoretical foundations that enrich modern bibliography science.

scholarly journals THEORY OF COOPERATION IN THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED FOR PRACTICAL REALIZATION OF A JUST SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
N.P. Shamayeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Christian Socialism ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Work And Life

The article examines the stages of development of the theory of cooperation during the XIX - early XX centuries. The theory of cooperation reflects the main stages in the development of human society, when the search for a certain ideal of organizing social life begins with the substantiation of frankly utopian ideas (T. More's theory) that cannot be put into practice. The theories of R. Owen and C. Fourier were the first attempts to theoretically substantiate the need to use cooperation under capitalism to facilitate the work and life of ordinary workers. In the case of R. Owen, there was an attempt of the practical implementation of the ideas of cooperation. However, this attempt was initially doomed to failure due to the discrepancy between theoretical ideals and harsh life practice. An attempt to substantiate Christian socialism was quite interesting. The classics of Marxism-Leninism consider the theory of cooperation from the point of view of its use as a tool for creating a fundamentally new type of society - communism. It was assumed that cooperation in one form or another could cover the entire population of the country, which, by the way, can also be described as an absolutely utopian idea. Attempts of even a slight disagreement with the theoretical provisions of the theory of Marx-Engels-Lenin were not allowed in principle. The research results can be used in the process of teaching the history of economic doctrines and economic theory.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of a Darrieus-type wind turbine for a series of 4-digit NACA airfoils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rogowski ◽  
Martin Otto Laver Hansen ◽  
Galih Bangga
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sst Turbulence Model ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Blade Loads

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the H-Darrieus wind turbine aerodynamic performance, aerodynamic blade loads and velocity profiles downstream behind the rotor. The wind turbine model is based on the rotor designed by McDonnell Aircraft Company. The model proposed here consists of three fixed straight blades; in the future this model is planned to be develop with controlled blades. The study was conducted using the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach with the k-ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The numerical two-dimensional model was verified using two other independent aerodynamic approaches: the vortex model developed in Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and the extended version of the CFD code FLOWer at the University of Stuttgart (USTUTT). All utilized numerical codes gave similar result of the instantaneous aerodynamic blade loads. In addition, steady-state calculations for the applied airfoils were also made using the same numerical model as for the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) to obtain lift and drag coefficients. The obtained values of lift and drag force coefficients, for a Reynolds number of 2.9 million, agree with the predictions of the experiment and XFoil over a wide range of angle of attack. The maximum rotor power coefficients are obtained at 0.5, which makes this impeller attractive from the point of view of further research. This work also addresses the issue of determining the aerodynamic performance of the rotor with various 4-digit NACA airfoils. The effect of two airfoil parameters, maximum airfoil thickness and maximum camber, on aerodynamic rotor performance is investigated. Research has shown that if this rotor were to work with fixed blades it is recommended to use the NACA 1418 airfoil instead of the original NACA 0018.

Issues Related to Science in the Quran

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (118) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
R.F. Naýryzbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

There is no doubt that a person and a people with a strong spiritual support have a great future. Therefore, the scientific study of the Quran is of great importance. The theoretical foundations of this problem are relevant both in the history of religious studies and the philosophy of religion, as well as in the scientific field of natural science and the humanities. Considering the Islamic worldview from the point of view of the humanities, natural (physical) and other sciences allows young people to delve into all areas of science without understanding religion, the Koran as a dogmatic Secret doctrine, and initiates becoming a member of a spiritually conscious society. The article considers The Holy Quran as a divine book based on science, knowledge, teaching and education. The Quran covers all areas of science. In other words, the Quran contains a lot of information from various fields of science: physics, astronomy, astrophysics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, medicine, Economics, Pedagogy, Psychology, Embryology, Geology, Philosophy, Cultural studies, Natural science, Religious studies, and many others. Therefore, the Quran is a source of inexhaustible science. As science and technology develop, the truth of the Quran is also confirmed. The article notes that the Koran is a real book that has not lost its value over the centuries, its wonders are inexhaustible, useful for the happiness and prosperity of all mankind. The connection between the subject of physics and the topics contained in the Koran, sacred words, verses, and prayers is also considered.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a H-Darrieus Wind Turbine for a Series of 4-Digit NACA Airfoils

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rogowski ◽  
Martin Otto Laver Hansen ◽  
Galih Bangga
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sst Turbulence Model ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Blade Loads

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the H-Darrieus wind turbine aerodynamic performance, aerodynamic blade loads, and velocity profiles downstream behind the rotor. The wind turbine model is based on the rotor designed by McDonnell Aircraft Company. The model proposed here consists of three fixed straight blades; in the future, this model is planned to be developed with controlled blades. The study was conducted using the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach with the k-ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The numerical two-dimensional model was verified using two other independent aerodynamic approaches: a vortex model and the extended version of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLOWer. All utilized numerical codes gave similar result of the instantaneous aerodynamic blade loads. In addition, steady-state calculations for the applied airfoils were also made using the same numerical model as for the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) to obtain lift and drag coefficients. The obtained values of lift and drag force coefficients, for a Reynolds number of 2.9 million, agree with the predictions of the experiment and XFOIL over a wide range of angle of attack. A maximum rotor power coefficient of 0.5 is obtained, which makes this impeller attractive from the point of view of further research. Research has shown that, if this rotor were to work with fixed blades, it is recommended to use the NACA 1418 airfoil instead of the original NACA 0018.

THE GESELL CONNECTION DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-379
Author(s):  
Rosario Patalano
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Social Reformer ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Main Work ◽  
History Of

In the current recession, the proposal of negative nominal interest has received widespread attention, not only in the academic world. The negative interest rate issue was originally developed by Silvio Gesell (1862–1930), a German merchant, self-taught economist, and social reformer. In his main work,The Natural Economic Order, Gesell offered a theoretical basis for the practical implementation of the negative interest rate. This proposal, generally known as the “stamped money plan,” was favorably commented upon by two outstanding twentieth-century economists, Irving Fisher and John Maynard Keynes, and put into practice during the Great Depression. In this paper I propose a reading of Gesell’s theory of money from the point of view of quantity theory, giving prominence to elements of affinity with Fisher’s monetary theory. This re-examination entails revision of the opinion on the analytical contribution made by Gesell, who was generally tagged as a typical monetary crank, and proves that his place in the history of economic thought is less marginal than previously thought, reinforcing critical appreciation of him.

scholarly journals Soviet constructivism as a creative design concept of the XX century

Servis plus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-70
Author(s):  
Дарья Ермилова ◽  
Darya Ermilova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Industrial Art ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

The article is devoted to the theory and practice of Soviet constructivism as a creative concept in the design of the XX century in the context of the theory of "production art". Subject of research considers to be theoretical propositions, which were implemented in particular design methods and projects of industrial clothes and constructivist fabrics as an example of practical implementation of the ideas of constructivism. The aim of the study is the examination of constructivism as a creative concept in the design from the point of view of formation peculiarities of its theoretical bases and design methodologies. The hypothesis of the study is the constructivism, which arose under the influence of "industrial art" concept, among other things, suggested the active use of the graphical method of forming and methods of combinatorial programmed forming, which were due to the creative experience in the field of non-objective painting. The study uses the cultural studies approach, which considers design activity of constructivists in close connection with the realities of the era, a systematic approach that allows revealing the relationship of aesthetic theories with the concrete practice of design-design, art analysis in the description of projects of the constructivists. The article proves the influence of the theory of "industrial art" on the formation of the concept of constructivism, analyzes the origins and features of the method of constructivism, especially the graphics method of forming and methods of programmed forming. The article compares the concepts of constructivism with the trends of costume design of the XX century. There are identified the "weak points" of the concept and method of constructivism, which became one of the reasons for failing to fully implement projects in practice. For the first time there were identified the causes of failures in the design of the costume, not associated with ideological attitudes, and with the very creative method. The results of the study fill the insufficiently developed areas in the history of constructivism. Because the constructivism methods remain relevant for modern design, the results of the study can be applied in teaching of "Design" profes-sional disciplines.

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