Toxicity of fluoxetine hydrochloride on some selected vital organs of pregnant mice Mus musculus

Teratogenic is an abnormal development on embryo and is the cause of congenital defect or birth defect. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of Dioscorea alata L. ethanol extracts to the embryo development on pregnant mice whose given orally to 24 mice which divided to 4 treatment groups, they are the normal group (NG) with NaCMC 0.5%; 28 mg/KgBB treatment group; 35 mg/KgBB; 42 mg/Kg BB. The addition of Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts was done on the sixth day until the 15th day of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy, Laparaktomi was done to the pregnant mice and the embryo was taken out of the uterus. The observation was done to the fetus numbers, weight weighing of the fetus's body, dan length measurement of the fetus's body. Another observation is the observation of the external organ defect of the embryo. The study results that the addition of Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts with various doses have no significant effect (P>0.5) to the mice external fetus development. On the examination of the fetus, we can conclude that Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts don’t give any effect that may cause the defect of the fetus’ external organ.

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THE EFFECT OF RECOMBINANT VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR 121 ON NITRIDE OXIDE LEVEL IN MICE (Mus musculus) MODEL OF PREECLAMPSIA

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v53i3.6446 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Soetrisno Soetrisno ◽

Isharyadi Isharyadi ◽

Sri Sulistyowati

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

P Value ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

The Third ◽

Minimum Value ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Pregnant Mice ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

K2 Group

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial syndrome in pregnancy whose cause is still unknown. Several proangiogenic and antiangiogenic mediators such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Nitrite Oxide (NO) play important roles in preventing preeclampsia. VEGF can increase NO level that lowers maternal blood pressure, improves endothelial function and reduces placental hypoxia in preeclampsia. Recombinant VEGF 121 is expected to be an option in the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia. This experimental study used mice (Mus musculus) as the model. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of recombinant VEGF 121 in increasing the level of nitric oxide in mice (Mus musculus) model of preeclampsia. This was an experimental analytical study with Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design. The study enrolled 27 pregnant mice (Mus musculus) which met the restriction criteria divided into 3 groups. The first group (K1) were 9 normal pregnant mice. The second group (K2) were 9 pregnant mice of preeclampsia model without treatment. The third group (K3) were 9 pregnant mice of preeclampsia model receiving recombinant VEGF 121 therapy. The independent variable was the administration of recombinant VEGF 121 and the dependent variable was the serum NO level. Statistical analysis was performed by using anova statistics. NO level in the first group (K1) was 1.746±0.347, with minimum value of 1.00 µM, and maximum value of 2.28 µM, CI (1.479-2.013). NO level in second group (K2) was 1.167±0.380, with minimum value of 0.64 µM, and maximum value of 1.94 µM, CI (0.875-1.460). NO level in the third group (K3) was 2.164±0.556, with minimum value of 1.56 µM, and maximum value of 5.96 µM, CI (1.842-2.486). With anova statistical test, there were significant differences between K1 group and K2 group (p value=0.004<0.05), K1 group and K3 group (p value=0.000<0.05) as well as K2 group and K3 group (p value=0.029<0.05). In conclusion, Recombinant VEGF 121 increased the level of nitric oxide in mice (Mus musculus) model of preeclampsia significantly.

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Housing pregnant mice (Mus musculus) in small groups facilitates the development of odor-based homing in offspring.

Journal of Comparative Psychology ◽

10.1037/0735-7036.119.4.418 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 418-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hunter Honeycutt ◽

Jeffrey R. Alberts

Keyword(s):

Small Groups ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Pregnant Mice

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The Effect of Folic Acid as Supportive Therapy of Spiramycine on Weight of Foetus to Toxoplasma gondii – Infected Pregnant Mice (Mus musculus)

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v3i1.16432 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Alfina Azkiana ◽

Boedi Setiawan ◽

Erma Safitri ◽

Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽

Mufasirin Mufasirin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Supportive Therapy ◽

Pregnant Female ◽

Anova Test ◽

Analytical Balance ◽

Female Mice ◽

Pregnant Mice ◽

T1 And T2

This research aimed to investigate the effect of folic acid as supportive therapy of spiramycine on weight of foetus to Toxoplasma gondii-infected pregnant mice (Mus musculus). Twenty pregnant female mice were divided into four groups as C -, C +, T1 and T2. C +, T1 and T2 were infected by Toxoplasma gondii. C – and C + administered orally 0.5 ml aquadest, T1 administered orally 130 mg/kg BW spiramycine and 0.052 µg/g BW folic acid and T2 administered orally 0.052 µg/g BW folic acid. Experimental groups received the treatments for 5 days, then animals of each groups were sacrified. Foetuses were dissected out for observation. The weight of fetuses were measured using an analytical balance. The data weight of foetuses was presented descriptively and analyzed by ANOVA test and continued by Tukey HSD. From this study, the weight of foetuses from the pregnant mice of T1 and T2 have difference compared with the controls. The result of this research is folic acid affects the weight of foetuses to Toxoplasma gondii-infected pregnant mice.

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Analisis Pertumbuhan Kartilago Epifisialis Os Tibia Fetus Mencit (Mus musculus L.) Swiss Webster Setelah Induksi Ochratoxin A Selama Periode Organogenesis

JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA ◽

10.31957/jbp.532 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

Arum Setiawan ◽

Mammed Sagi ◽

Widya Asmara ◽

Istriyati Istriyati

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Growth Plate ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽

Maturation Zone ◽

Proliferative Zone ◽

Key Words Ochratoxin A ◽

Pregnant Mice ◽

Tibial Growth Plate

The aims of this study were determined the effects of Ochratoxin A (OTA) on growth of fetus tibia epiphyseal cartilage during organogenesis period. Twenty four pregnant mice were divided randomly into 4 groups of 6. Ochratoxin A was dissolved in sodium bicarbonateand administered orally on seventh to fourteenth days of gestation at dosage of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/kg bw, respectively. The remaining were used as control. The fetal tibia was taken after the 18 th day of pregnancy. The growth of tibia epiphyseal cartilages were observed histologically using Erlich’s Haematoxylin-Eosin Stain. The result of this study indicated that OTA caused decreased thickness of the rest zone, proliferative zone, maturation zone and calsification zone of the fetus tibial growth plate significantly. Key words: Ochratoxin A, tibia, cartilage, and thickness.

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The Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure in the Fetal Growth and Fetal Development of Mice (Mus musculus)

JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga ◽

10.20473/juxta.v11i12020.13-17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Endy Novryan Ridwan ◽

Martono Tri Utomo ◽

Harianto Notopuro

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Fetal Development ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pregnant Mice

Introduction: This research aims to investigate and observe the effect of cigarette smoke exposure in the fetal growth and fetal development of mice (Mus musculus). Methods: This was an experiment with post-test only control group design. The sample of the research was 36 pregnant mice which were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (K) pregnant mice which inhaled ambient air without cigarette smoke exposure, and treatment group (P) pregnant mice which were given cigarette smoke exposure for 14 days with 2 bars of cigarette each day. Results: The results showed a significant difference in the fetal birth weight between the group exposed to cigarette smoke (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. Fetal defect and stillbirth were not found in this research. Conclusion: The exposure of cigarette smoke gave negative effects of fetal growth and development because of the free radicals generated.

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PENGARUH NIKOTIN TERHADAP KELAINAN TULANG DAN ORGAN INTERNAL MENCIT (Mus musculus)

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.9.2.20048 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 107-113

Author(s):

Pieter Kakisina ◽

Win Darmanto ◽

Bambang Poernomo

Keyword(s):

Brain Development ◽

Personal Computer ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Hind Limb ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Alizarin Red ◽

Skeletal Malformation ◽

Pregnant Mice ◽

The Brain ◽

Program Version

This study was designed to identify the effects of nicotine on the skeletal and internal organ abnormalities of mice prenatally. Seventy two female mice strain Balb/C were used. Pregnant mice on gestation days (GD) 8, 10, and 12 was injected intraperitoneally with 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg BW nicotine respectively. Control nice was injected by aguabidestylata. On GD 18, and all of pregnant mice were sacrificed, and a half of living fetuses were immersed in Bouin’s solution to observe their internal organs, while another half were immersed in 95 percent ethanol to observed sekeletal malformation using alizarin red S staining. Results were analyzed using SPSS program version 11 for personal computer. The results showed that nicotine caused Skeletal malformation, especially in the sternum when administered on GD 8 and 10, in doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg BW, delayed of ossification was observed in the supraoccipital and sacrocaudal bones on GD 10 and 12 and doses of 12 mg/kg BW, while in the extremitas the malformation was observed in the proximal and medial phalanx both in the fore and hind limb especially on GD 10 and 12, and doses of 6 and 12 mg/kg BW. Nicotine was effects on the brain development especially hydrocephalus was observed on GD 8 and doses 10 and 12 mg/kg BW. Another internal malformation such as ectopic renalis was observed on GD 8 and doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg BW. These finding suggested that nicotine has caused skeletal malformation, brain malformatin and ectopic renalis, when administered in mice prenatally.

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EFEK TERATOGENIK FORMALIN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN FETUS MENCIT (Mus musculus) SWISS WEBSTER

Jurnal Kebidanan : Jurnal Medical Science Ilmu Kesehatan Akademi Kebidanan Budi Mulia Palembang ◽

10.35325/kebidanan.v3i1.42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuli Bahriah Yuli Bahriah

Keyword(s):

Mus Musculus ◽

Food Production ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Chemical Substance ◽

Teratogenic Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Pregnant Mice ◽

The Difference ◽

Treatment Dosage

ABSTRACT Formalin was a chemical substance usually added to food production process for preservative. The use of formalin could have a negative impact on health.This thesis aims at knowing teratogenic effect of formalin on the development of fetus mice (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster, that covers the number of life fetus,death fetus and resorption fetus, fetus weight, and also morphology of fetus mice. This thesis was an experimental research with Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) carried out from April to may 2012 at Laboraturium FKIP Biologi Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang. Treatment group was given formalin in a gavage way, while control group is given distilled water. The data would be analyzed using Analysis of Variables (ANOVA). The results showed that giving formalin of about 400 ppm give a significant effect (p>0.05) on the average of life, death, and resorption fetus compared to another treatment dosage on control group. The decrease of fetus weight occurred on any dosage given compared to control group. The difference was significant (abouth p>0.01). Giving formalin has a significant effect (p>0.05) on morphology defect of fetu mice on the dosage given compared to control group. Based on the results of the research it could be concluded that giving formalin to pregnant mice during organogenesis period (6- 15 day of pregnancy) gave teratogenic effect on the development of fetu mice. Giving formalin resulted in the decrease of life fetus, death fetus and embrio of resorption were found on the dosage of about 400 ppm compared to the dosage given to control group. The decrease of fetus weight occurred along with the increase of dosage treatment to control group. The morphology defect of fetus mice found was hemoragi and hematoma of the dosage of 200, 300, and 400 ppm, while the front and rear leg defected and the tail effect accurred on 300 to 400 ppm. ABSTRAK Formalin merupakan salah satu bahan yang biasa ditambahkan untuk bahan pengawet dalam proses produksi makanan. Penggunaan formalin dapat berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek teratogenik formalin terhadap perkembangan fetus mencit (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster, yang meliputi jumlah fetus hidup, mati dan resorbsi, berat badan fetus serta morfologi fetus mencit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Mei 2012 bertempat di Laboratorium FKIP Biologi Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang. Kelompok perlakuan diberi formalin secara gavage, sedangkan kontrol diberi akuades. Data dianalisis dengan uji Analisis of Varians (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian setelah di uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa pemberian formalin pada dosis 400 ppm memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap rerata jumlah fetus hidup, mati dan resorbsi dibandingkan dosis perlakuan lain dan kontrol. Penurunan berat badan fetus terjadi pada semua dosis perlakuan formalin dibandingkan kontrol, pengaruhnya berbeda sangat signifikan (p<0,01). Pemberian formalin berpengaruh signifikan (p>0,05) terhadap kelainan/cacat morfologi fetus mencit pada dosis perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian formalin terhadap mencit bunting selama masa organogenesis (6-15 hari kebuntingan) memberikan efek teratogenik terhadap perkembangan fetus mencit. Kelainan/cacat morfologi pada fetus mencit yang ditemukan adalah hemoragi dan hematoma pada dosis 200, 300 dan 400 ppm, sedangkan cacat kaki depan, cacat kaki belakang dan cacat ekor pada 300 dan 400 ppm.

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