scholarly journals Production Systems and Prospects of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in the United States

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2312
Author(s):  
O. Adewale Osipitan ◽  
Jeneen S. Fields ◽  
Sassoum Lo ◽  
Ivan Cuvaca
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Daily Diet

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important legume crop with enormous nutritional, agronomic and economic value. Cowpea constitutes a large portion of the daily diet among many people in Africa, Asia, Central America, and Southern America. The United States was among the top 10 global producers of cowpea until 1967, when cowpea was grown primarily for soil management and livestock feed. With the projected increase in the minority population in the United States, from 25% in 1992 to 47% in 2050, it is expected that the consumption of cowpea in the nation will increase substantially. In this review, we provide information about cowpea production systems and prospects in the United States.

Developing twinning cattle for commercial production

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
C. A. Morris ◽  
B. W. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Calf Survival ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Meat Animal

Long-term selection programs in the United States and New Zealand have developed twinning herds. In Nebraska, the United States Meat Animal Research Centre population had a calving rate of 1.56 per parturition in 2004. They have shown that the location of ovulation has an important effect on the success of pregnancy and that ovulations ≥3 are probably undesirable. These cattle have issues associated with calving difficulty and calf survival, which present challenges for commercial application. Intensive management using existing technology and/or future genetic improvement to address these traits are required to realise the potential benefits to beef production systems.

Bilingualism and testing: A special case of bias. G. Valdes and R. Figueroa. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1994. Pp. 255.

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Evangeline Harris Stefanakis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
School Age ◽  
Educational Leader ◽  
Special Case

Guadalupe Valdes and Richard Figueroa carefully and clearly craft an argument for why bilingualism and testing constitute a special case of bias that continues to have serious consequences for today's school-age minority population in the United States. This argument could not be more timely, given the drive in the United States for standards and a rising wave of state-mandated standardized testing programs for all students, including bilinguals. Perhaps a summary of this book should be on the desk of every educational leader and policymaker charged with the mandate of administering standardized tests to bilingual students and comparing their scores with those of monolingual groups for the purpose of special education and vocational placements.

scholarly journals Aging and Disability Among Hispanics in the United States: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A Garcia ◽  
Brian Downer ◽  
Michael Crowe ◽  
Kyriakos S Markides
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minority Population

Abstract Background and Objectives Hispanics are the most rapidly aging minority population in the United States. Our objective is to provide a summary of current knowledge regarding disability among Hispanics, and to propose an agenda for future research. Research Design and Methods A literature review was conducted to identify major areas of research. A life course perspective and the Hispanic Paradox were used as frameworks for the literature review and for identifying future areas of research. Results Four research areas were identified: (1) Ethnic disparities in disability; (2) Heterogeneity of the U.S. older Hispanic population; (3) Risk factors for disability; and (4) Disabled life expectancy. Older Hispanics are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to be disabled or to become disabled. Disability varied by country of origin, nativity, age of migration, and duration in the United States. Important risk factors for disability included chronic health conditions, depression, and cognitive impairment. Protective factors included positive affect and physical activity. Older Hispanics have longer life expectancy than non-Hispanic whites but spend a greater proportion of old age disabled. Future research should continue to monitor trends in disability as younger generations of Hispanics reach old age. Attention needs to be given to regional variation within the United States for disability prevalence, early-life risk factors, and factors that may contribute to variation in disabled life expectancy. There is also an urgent need for interventions that can effectively prevent or delay the onset of disability in older Hispanics. Discussion and Implications Considerable research has examined disability among older Hispanics, but continued research is needed. It is important that research findings be used to inform public policies that can address the burden of disability for older Hispanic populations.

The Economic Value of the United States Merchant Marine.

1962 ◽  
Vol 57 (300) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Daniel Marx ◽  
Allen R. Ferguson ◽  
Eugene M. Lerner ◽  
John S. McGee ◽  
Walter Y. Oi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Merchant Marine

Health effects of pesticides on agricultural farmers in the developing countries of Fiji, Ecuador, the Philippines, and Costa Rica versus the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imani Love ◽  
Chistina Pollanis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Global Issues

This paper will compare and contrast the reasons and statistics of development of negative health affects experienced by farmers and farm workers exposed to pesticides in both developed and developing countries. Several studies have suggested that a constant and close exposure of pesticides have negative affect on those who work closely with them. In developed countries farmers and farm workers have a lower risk of being affect by pesticides, whereas, in developing countries many workers face several disadvantages that affect the opportunities that they may be afforded. Countries in which one can clearly examine these specific global issues include developing countries such as: Ecuador, Fiji, Philippines and Costa Rica. These countries have the lack of knowledge surrounding pesticides, outdated technology, and the economic value of crops outweighing the value of human health. Whereas, within developed countries, such as the United States that are afforded more technology and that are scientifically aware and knowledgeable about pesticides, farmers and farm laborers experience improved circumstances and statistics that surround the use of pesticides amongst agricultural workers and farmers. Being that farmers and farm workers from both developed and developing countries are individuals who treat and nurture agricultural lands closely, including the application of pesticides; they inhale a high concentration of the chemicals. Another contributing factor to the inhaling of high concentration is the amount of time each worker spends concocting the mixture of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, nematocides (used to kill nematodes, elongated cylindrical worms), and rodenticides and applying the mixture to the crops. Creation of the mixture, application of pesticides, and disposable of pesticide containers contribute in making the farmers and farm workers high at risk for developing pesticide related illnesses. By researching and further examining the various circumstances that surround the production and application of pesticides, what will be determined are what types of acute or chronic illnesses emerge and why are they more prevalent in developing countries rather than developed countries.

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