scholarly journals The Use of Bacteriophages in the Poultry Industry

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Żbikowska ◽  
Monika Michalczuk ◽  
Beata Dolka
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Public Health And Safety

The emergence of multidrug-resistant infections and antibiotic failures have raised concerns over human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Poultry production has had to confront the problems of an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, including zoonotic pathogens. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis have been the most frequently reported human foodborne diseases linked to poultry. This situation has strongly stimulated a renewal of scientists’ interest in bacteriophages (phages) since the beginning of the 21st century. Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria. They are abundant in nature, and accompany bacteria in each environment they colonize, including human microbiota. In this review, we focused on the use of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents to treat infections and reduce counts of pathogenic bacteria in poultry, as biocontrol agents to eliminate foodborne pathogens on/in food, and also as disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses in industrial conditions. Most of the phage-based products are targeted against the main foodborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens. Phages are currently addressed at all stages of the poultry production "from farm to fork", however, their implementation into live birds and food products still provokes discussions especially in the context of the current legal framework, limitations, as well as public health and safety.

Multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli from a popular Ready-to-Eat local food (Fufu) from commercial food vendors in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba ◽  
Akosua Bonsu Karikar ◽  
Enoch Yeleliere ◽  
Patrick Takyi ◽  
Stephen Wilson Kpordze
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Microbial contamination of vended foods are of public health importance due to the potential of becoming a reservoir of foodborne pathogens and resistant strains of bacteria. This study looked at the presence of pathogenic bacteria in a popular Ready-To-Eat (RTE) traditional food, Fufu in Ghana. Sixty (60) Fufu samples were obtained from various food joints categorized as Opened, Semi-closed and Closed or Restaurants. Samples were processed and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The susceptibility profiles of the isolates were obtained by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with the EUCAST guidelines with the five antibiotics. Prevalence of E. coli was 85% and Salmonella species was 68%. Microbial count of isolated E. coli ranged from 0 to 3×106 cfu/ml. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the different modes of operations. Fufu samples from Opened, Semi-closed and Closed joints were respectively contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella species as follows: 92%, 76%; 80%, 60% and 80%, 65%. The Salmonella species showed highest resistance to erythromycin (58.5%) and E. coli species were commonly resistant to Ceftazidime (88.2%) and Ceftriaxone (94.1%). All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Multidrug resistance was detected among 27.5% of E. coli strains and 14.6% of Salmonella species. Fufu from the different eating joints in the Tamale Metropolis were substantially contaminated with multidrug resistant pathogens. The study recommends surveillance studies of resistant pathogens in foods, increased education and training of food vendors on sanitation, food handling and safety practices in the region.

Insects as vectors of foodborne pathogenic bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Blazar ◽  
Marc Allard ◽  
E. Kurt Lienau
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
House Fly ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Salmonella Spp

AbstractFood safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published <abs>Food safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published literature. We highlight at least eleven different species of insects, including the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer); secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius); synanthropic flies [flesh fly, Sarcophaga carnaria (L.); house fly, Musca domestica (L.); fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen); and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)], American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.); German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.); Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis (L.); Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz); and Speckled feeder cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier), which act as vectors for Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli and illustrate how these insects are successful vectors of foodborne disease outbreaks. We propose that insects be considered as one of the latest issues in food safety initiatives. Not only are some insects extremely important contributors to diseases, but now we suggest that more research into insects as potential carriers of E. coli and Salmonella spp., and therefore as contributing to foodborne disease outbreaks, is granted.

Antibiotic adjuvants: a promising approach to combat multidrug resistant bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Sharma ◽  
Anil K. Chhillar ◽  
Sweety Dahiya ◽  
Pooja Choudhary ◽  
Aruna Punia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

The escalating emergence and prevalence of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria accentuate the crucial need to develop novel and effectual therapeutic strategies to control this threat. Recent past surprisingly indicates a staggering decline in effective strategies against MDR. Different approaches have been employed to minimize the effect of resistance but the question still lingers over the astounding number of drugs already tried and tested to no avail, furthermore, the detection of new drug targets and the action of new antibacterial agents against already existing drug targets also complicate the condition. Antibiotic adjuvants are considered as one such promising approach for overcoming the bacterial resistance. Adjuvants can potentiate the action of generally adopted antibacterial drugs against MDR bacterial pathogens either by minimizing the impact and emergence of resistance or improving the action of antibacterial drugs. This review provides an overview of mechanism of antibiotic resistance, main types of adjuvants and their mode of action, achievements and progression.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Xuebin Xu ◽  
Silpak Biswas ◽  
Guimin Gu ◽  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Salmonella spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen is one of the important Salmonella serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and can transmit to humans by food chain contamination. Worldwide emerging S. Rissen is considered as one of the most common pathogens to cause human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance properties and patterns of Salmonella Rissen isolates obtained from humans, animals, animal-derived food products, and the environment in China. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 311 S. Rissen isolates from different provinces or province-level cities in China were included here. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14 clinically relevant antimicrobials were obtained by broth microdilution method. S. Rissen isolates from humans were found dominant (67%; 208/311). S. Rissen isolates obtained from human patients were mostly found with diarrhea. Other S. Rissen isolates were acquired from food (22%; 69/311), animals (8%; 25/311), and the environment (3%; 9/311). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin. The S. Rissen isolates showed susceptibility against ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. In total, 92% of the S. Rissen isolates were multidrug-resistant and ASSuT (27%), ACT (25%), ACSSuT (22%), ACSSuTAmc (11%), and ACSSuTFox (7%) patterns were among the most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns found in this study. The widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance could have emerged from misuse of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in China. These findings could be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against Salmonella Rissen infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Five Apitoxins from Apis mellifera on Two Common Foodborne Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Vicente Arteaga ◽  
Patricia Regal ◽  
Beatriz Vázquez ◽  
José Manuel Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Alternative Agent ◽  
Potential Alternative

Antimicrobial resistance is one of today’s major public health challenges. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have been responsible for an increasing number of deaths in recent decades. These resistant bacteria are also a concern in the food chain, as bacteria can resist common biocides used in the food industry and reach consumers. As a consequence, the search for alternatives to common antimicrobials by the scientific community has intensified. Substances obtained from nature have shown great potential as new sources of antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of five bee venoms, also called apitoxins, against two common foodborne pathogens. A total of 50 strains of the Gram-negative pathogen Salmonella enterica and 8 strains of the Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes were tested. The results show that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were highly influenced by the bacterial genus. The MIC values ranged from 256 to 1024 µg/mL in S. enterica and from 16 to 32 µg/mL in L. monocytogenes. The results of this study demonstrate that apitoxin is a potential alternative agent against common foodborne pathogens, and it can be included in the development of new models to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the food chain.

scholarly journals Foodborne bacterial pathogens recovered from contaminated shawarma meat in northern Jordan

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1407-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Nimri ◽  
Fatina Abu AL- Dahab ◽  
Raymond Batchoun
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Safety Regulations

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to isolate, identify, and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the bacterial pathogens recovered from shawarma (donair) sandwiches served to the public in Jordan. Methodology: Bacterial contamination of 100 shawarma sandwiches with pathogenic bacteria was studied by culture on selective media, serology, PCR assay, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: One hundred and forty-five bacterial isolates were identified. The predominant species was Escherichia coli (28.3%), with six isolates of serotype O157:H7, followed by Salmonella spp. (25.5%). Higher contamination rates were found in chicken sandwiches. The majority of these bacteria expressed high resistance to several antimicrobials, especially tetracycline and streptomycin. Citrobacter freundii was isolated from 15.9% and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 8.3% of the sandwiches. The presence of these pathogens is of primary concern because some strains are capable of producing a heat-stable enterotoxin that causes food poisoning in humans, and should therefore be taken into account in risk assessment. Conclusions: Results signify the importance of sustained surveillance of foodborne pathogens in shawarma sandwiches to minimize the risk of contamination. Availability of data on the isolated pathogens and modes of transmission in food from different countries would provide a common ground for reaching international agreement on food safety regulations.

scholarly journals Influence of tannery wastes and the surrounding environment of tannery industries on microbial growth and proliferation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Nayan Chandra Das ◽  
Farzana Hossaini ◽  
Saurab Kishore Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Tannery Waste ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Tannery Wastes ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The present study was carried out to assess the degree of microbiological proliferation in tannery wastes and the surrounding environment of the tannery industries. In this regard, a total of 8 tannery waste (n=4) and environmental (n=4) samples were tested. All the samples contained a huge load of bacteria and fungi in an average of 108 cfu/g or ml. An extended numbers of pathogenic bacteria were recovered. Among the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. was predominant. Most of the samples exhibited the presence of Pseudomonas spp. Salmonella spp. and fecal coliform were found each in one sample. Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Vibrio spp. were found in few samples. The average load of the pathogens was 104 cfu/g or ml. All the pathogenic isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Higher resistance was found against penicillin and streptomycin. Tannery waste after lather treatment sample showed antibacterial activity against all the pathogens tested. Overall, presence of pathogenic microorganisms with multidrug resistance traits may pose serious public health threats. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 14-18

scholarly journals Suppression of Emergence of Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria: Keeping Our Powder Dry, Part 2

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1194-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Drusano ◽  
William Hope ◽  
Alasdair MacGowan ◽  
Arnold Louie
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
New Chemical Entities

We are in a crisis of bacterial resistance. For economic reasons, most pharmaceutical companies are abandoning antimicrobial discovery efforts, while, in health care itself, infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs have generally failed to prevent the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. At this point, what can be done? The first step has been taken. Governments and international bodies have declared there is a worldwide crisis in antibiotic drug resistance. As discovery efforts begin anew, what more can be done to protect newly developing agents and improve the use of new drugs to suppress resistance emergence? A neglected path has been the use of recent knowledge regarding antibiotic dosing as single agents and in combination to minimize resistance emergence, while also providing sufficient early bacterial kill. In this review, we look at the data for resistance suppression. Approaches include increasing the intensity of therapy to suppress resistant subpopulations; developing concepts of clinical breakpoints to include issues surrounding suppression of resistance; and paying attention to the duration of therapy, which is another important issue for resistance suppression. New understanding of optimizing combination therapy is of interest for difficult-to-treat pathogens likePseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacterspp., and multidrug-resistant (MDR)Enterobacteriaceae. These lessons need to be applied to our old drugs as well to preserve them and to be put into national and international antibiotic resistance strategies. As importantly, from a regulatory perspective, new chemical entities should have a resistance suppression plan at the time of regulatory review. In this way, we can make the best of our current situation and improve future prospects.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens: Impact on Human Health and Economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia M. Mancilla-Becerra ◽  
Teresa Lías-Macías ◽  
Cristina L. Ramírez-Jiménez ◽  
Jeannette Barba León
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

The drug abuse known to occur during growth of animals intended for food production, because of their use as either a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment, promotes the emergence of bacterial drug resistance. It has been reported that at least 25% of the foodborne isolates show drug resistance to one or more classes of antimicrobials (FAO 2018). There are diverse mechanisms that promote drug resistance. It is known that the use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics in animals intended for food production promotes mutations of some chromosomal genes such as gyrA-parC and mphA, which are responsible for quinolone and azithromycin resistance, respectively. Also, the horizontal transfer of resistance genes as groups (“cassettes”) or plasmids makes the spread of resistance to different bacterial genera possible, among which there could be pathogens. The World Health Organization considers the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria as a health problem, since the illnesses caused by them complicate the treatment and increase the morbidity and mortality rates. The complication in the illness treatment caused by a multidrug-resistant pathogen causes economic losses to patients for the payment of long stays in hospitals and also causes economic losses to companies due to the absenteeism of their workers.

scholarly journals PROPAGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT Salmonella spp. IN BIVALVE MOLLUSKS FROM ESTUARY AREAS OF BAHIA, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLA SILVA DA SILVEIRA ◽  
OSCARINA VIANA DE SOUSA ◽  
NORMA SUELY EVANGELISTA-BARRETO
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Development Of Resistance

ABSTRACT: In recent years, the emergence of resistant pathogens has complicated the treatment of bacterial infections in livestock production as well as in the medical field, due to the development of resistance mechanisms by microorganisms. The objective of this study was to delineate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from bivalve mollusks (oysters and mussels) and from estuarine environment water of two regions of Bahia, Brazil. Twenty-seven strains, 12 isolated from bivalve mollusks and 15 from estuarine water, were tested. Eight antimicrobial agents (phenicol, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones and fluoroquinolones classes) were used for a susceptibility test, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production. Isolates showed high susceptibility to the classes of antimicrobial agents tested, with resistance only to nalidixic acid (27%), ampicillin (25%) and tetracycline (25%). Bacterial resistance was of chromosomal origin and the multidrug resistance index (MAR) among isolates of shellfish (mussels in natura) was 0.25. The MIC was found to be 100 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL and 350 µg/mL to nalidixic acid, ampicillin and tetracycline, respectively. None of the isolates presented ESBLs production. The presence of multidrug-resistant and high MIC Salmonella spp. is being conveyed in extraction areas of bivalve mollusks in the State of Bahia, Brazil.

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