scholarly journals Determination of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility for Lefamulin (Pleuromutilin) for Ureaplasma Spp. and Mycoplasma hominis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1370
Author(s):  
Oliver Spiller-Boulter ◽  
Susanne Paukner ◽  
Ian Boostrom ◽  
Kirsty Sands ◽  
Edward A. R. Portal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp

Lefamulin is the first of the pleuromutilin class of antimicrobials to be available for therapeutic use in humans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of lefamulin were determined by microbroth dilution for 90 characterised clinical isolates (25 Ureaplasma parvum, 25 Ureaplasma urealyticum, and 40 Mycoplasma hominis). All Mycoplasma hominis isolates possessed lefamulin MICs of ≤0.25 mg/L after 48 h (MIC50/90 of 0.06/0.12 mg/L), despite an inherent resistance to macrolides; while Ureaplasma isolates had MICs of ≤2 mg/L after 24 h (MIC50/90 of 0.25/1 mg/L), despite inherent resistance to clindamycin. Two U. urealyticum isolates with additional A2058G mutations of 23S rRNA, and one U. parvum isolate with a R66Q67 deletion (all of which had a combined resistance to macrolides and clindamycin) only showed a 2-fold increase in lefamulin MIC (1–2 mg/L) relative to macrolide-susceptible strains. Lefamulin could be an effective alternative antimicrobial for treating Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis infections irrespective of intrinsic or acquired resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and ketolides. Based on this potent in vitro activity and the known good, rapid, and homogenous tissue penetration of female and male urogenital tissues and glands, further exploration of clinical efficacy of lefamulin for the treatment of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma urogenital infections is warranted.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Eravacycline and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken B. Waites ◽  
Donna M. Crabb ◽  
Li Xiao ◽  
Lynn B. Duffy ◽  
Sixto M. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum

ABSTRACT We performed in vitro susceptibility testing for eravacycline in comparison to 4 other antimicrobials against 10 Mycoplasma genitalium, 40 Mycoplasma hominis, 44 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 20 Ureaplasma parvum, and 20 Ureaplasma urealyticum isolates. All eravacycline MICs were ≤0.25 μg/ml, except that for one isolate of M. genitalium, for which the MIC was 2 μg/ml. Eravacycline was markedly more potent than tetracycline, azithromycin, moxifloxacin, and clindamycin against all isolates tested, which included 37 macrolide, tetracycline, and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms.

scholarly journals In-vitro activity of lipoic acid against Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum isolated from women with infections of the urogenital tract. A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Biernat-Sudolska ◽  
Danuta Rojek-Zakrzewska ◽  
Anna Bilska-Wilkosz
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp

Several species of Ureaplasma bacteria are known to be present in the urogenital tract of humans, in both healthy individuals and symptomatic patients. These pathogens are associated with urogenital tract infections, infertility problems and spontaneous abortion in humans. The present study involved 77 strains of Ureaplasma species (Ureaplasma spp.), including 21 Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) strains and 56 Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) strains. Lipoic acid (LA) and its reduced form dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) are synthesized in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Research of recent years increasingly points to therapeutic properties of exogenously supplemented LA. In our study, we examined for the first time the effect of LA on the bacteria multiplication and its bactericidal activity against U. urealyticum and U. parvum. The LA concentrations used were: 1200 µg/ml, 120 µg/ml, and 12 µg/ml. The titer for each strain of Ureaplasma spp. was estimated using the color changing units (CCU) assay. For CCU measurements, a series of 10-fold dilutions of each cell culture in 0.9% NaCl (titration) was prepared and 1 CCU/ml was defined as the highest dilution of cells at which color change was detected. The strongest bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of LA was observed at a concentration of 1200 µg/ml. In contrast, at lower LA concentrations, stimulation of the bacteria multiplication was noted for 14% of the total number of strains tested. Taken together, the current data provide novel findings about potential beneficial antimicrobial effects of LA.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Gepotidacin (GSK2140944) and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken B. Waites ◽  
Donna M. Crabb ◽  
Li Xiao ◽  
Lynn B. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitor ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACTGepotidacin, a novel first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene topoisomerase II inhibitor, was tested against 85 type strains and clinical isolates ofMycoplasma pneumoniae,Mycoplasma hominis,Mycoplasma genitalium,Ureaplasma parvum, andUreaplasma urealyticumin comparison to levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, azithromycin or clindamycin, and tetracycline. Gepotidacin MIC90s (μg/ml) were 0.125 (M. pneumoniae), 0.032 (M. genitalium), 2 (M. hominis), and 8 (Ureaplasmaspecies). Gepotidacin activity was not affected by resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, or macrolides in the strains tested. Gepotidacin merits further study for treating infections caused by these organisms.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility and Sequence Type Distribution of Ureaplasma Species Isolated from Genital Samples in Switzerland

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6026-6031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Schneider ◽  
Regula Tinguely ◽  
Sara Droz ◽  
Markus Hilty ◽  
Valentina Donà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance inUreaplasma urealyticum/Ureaplasma parvumandMycoplasma hominisis an issue of increasing importance. However, data regarding the susceptibility and, more importantly, the clonality of these organisms are limited. We analyzed 140 genital samples obtained in Bern, Switzerland, in 2014. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by using the Mycoplasma IST 2 kit and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. MICs for ciprofloxacin and azithromycin were obtained in broth microdilution assays. Clonality was analyzed with PCR-based subtyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), whereas quinolone resistance and macrolide resistance were studied by sequencinggyrA, gyrB,parC, andparEgenes, as well as 23S rRNA genes and genes encoding L4/L22 ribosomal proteins. A total of 103 samples were confirmed as positive forU. urealyticum/U. parvum, whereas 21 were positive for bothU. urealyticum/U. parvumandM. hominis. According to the IST 2 kit, the rates of nonsusceptibility were highest for ciprofloxacin (19.4%) and ofloxacin (9.7%), whereas low rates were observed for clarithromycin (4.9%), erythromycin (1.9%), and azithromycin (1%). However, inconsistent results between microdilution and IST 2 kit assays were recorded. Various sequence types (STs) observed previously in China (ST1, ST2, ST4, ST9, ST22, and ST47), as well as eight novel lineages, were detected. Only some quinolone-resistant isolates had amino acid substitutions in ParC (Ser83Leu inU. parvumof serovar 6) and ParE (Val417Thr inU. parvumof serovar 1 and the novel Thr417Val substitution inU. urealyticum). Isolates with mutations in 23S rRNA or substitutions in L4/L22 were not detected. This is the first study analyzing the susceptibility ofU. urealyticum/U. parvumisolates in Switzerland and the clonality outside China. Resistance rates were low compared to those in other countries. We hypothesize that some hyperepidemic STs spread worldwide via sexual intercourse. Large combined microbiological and clinical studies should address this important issue.

Genital association of human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in Mexican women with precancerous lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lopez-Arias ◽  
Silvia Vazquez-Jimenez ◽  
Eduardo Martinez-Abundis ◽  
Nancy P Gomez-Crisostomo ◽  
Alma Chavez-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp

The genital colonization of certain Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. has been associated with an increased the risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus. However, its association with high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes is not entirely clear, and the prevalence of such coinfections in cervical precancerous lesions has been poorly explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in 258 women recruited during their routine gynecological inspection at an outpatient clinic in Tabasco, Mexico. Among the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. evaluated in the present study, the highest peak of prevalence was attributed to Ureaplasma parvum (32.9%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (6.6%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (0.8%). The overall prevalence rates of papillomavirus DNA and high-risk human papillomavirus were 25.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The overall association showed that M. hominis and U. urealyticum correlated significantly with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. According to the cytological results, the distribution of coinfection with high-risk human papillomavirus and U. urealyticum did not show significant differences with respect to severity of cervical lesions. Conversely, the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with M. hominis was more frequent in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions ( P = 0.037).

Resistance to tetracyclines among clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Global Status ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Resistance to tetracyclines, the first-line treatment for urogenital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species, is increasing worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the global status of resistance to this class of antibiotics. Methods Electronic databases were searched using keywords including ‘Mycoplasma’, ‘Mycoplasma hominis’, ‘M. hominis’, ‘Ureaplasma’, ‘Ureaplasma urealyticum’, ‘Ureaplasma parvum’, ‘U. urealyticum’, ‘U. parvum’, ‘Ureaplasma species’, ‘resistance’, ‘antibiotic resistance’, ‘antibiotic susceptibility’, ‘antimicrobial resistance’, ‘antimicrobial susceptibility’, ‘tetracycline’, ‘doxycycline’ and ‘minocycline’. Finally, after some exclusions, 37 studies from different countries were included in the study and meta-analysis was performed on the data collected. Results The midrange resistance rates for M. hominis and U. urealyticum/parvum to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline were 50.0%, 9.0% and 16.7% and 43.3%, 28.6% and 9.0%, respectively. A high level of heterogeneity was observed in all studies (I2 > 50%, P value < 0.05), except those representing doxycycline resistance in M. hominis isolates (I2 = 39.1%, P  = 0.02). No evidence of publication bias was observed in the studies and neither Egger’s test nor Begg’s test showed significant publication bias. Conclusions The results of the present study show that the overall resistance to tetracyclines is relatively high and prevalent among M. hominis and Ureaplasma species throughout the world. This highlights the importance of and necessity for regional and local antibiotic susceptibility testing before treatment choice as well as development of newer generations of tetracyclines to prevent antibiotic misuse, emergence and spread of resistant strains and, finally, the failure of treatment.

Are Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum associated with specific genital symptoms and clinical signs in non-pregnant women?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica L Plummer ◽  
Lenka A Vodstrcil ◽  
Kaveesha Bodiyabadu ◽  
Gerald L Murray ◽  
Michelle Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp

Abstract Background There is limited evidence supporting an association between Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum and symptoms or disease in non-pregnant women. However, testing and reporting of these organisms frequently occurs, in-part due to their inclusion in multiplex-PCR assays for sexually transmitted infection (STI) detection. We investigated if M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum were associated with symptoms and/or signs in non-pregnant women attending a sexual health service. Methods Eligible women attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre completed a questionnaire regarding sexual practices and symptoms. Symptomatic women underwent examination. Women were assessed for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and tested for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum, and four non-viral STIs using a commercial multiplex-PCR. Results 1,272 women were analysed. After adjusting for STIs and VVC, M. hominis was associated with abnormal vaginal discharge (aOR=2.70, 95%CI:1.92-3.79), vaginal malodour (aOR=4.27, 95%CI:3.08-5.91), vaginal pH>4.5 (aOR=4.27, 95%CI:3.22-5.66) and presence of clue cells (aOR=8.08, 95%CI:5.68-11.48). Ureaplasma spp. were not associated with symptoms/signs. BV was strongly associated with M. hominis (aOR=8.01, 95%CI:5.99-10.71), but was not associated with either Ureaplasma spp. In stratified analyses, M. hominis was associated with self-reported vaginal malodour and clinician-recorded vaginal discharge in women with BV, but not with symptoms/signs in women without BV. Conclusion Only M. hominis was associated with symptoms/signs, and these were manifestations of BV. Importantly, M. hominis was not associated with symptoms/signs in women without BV. These findings do not support routine testing for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum in non-pregnant women.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Ureaplasma spp. from samples in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Dumke
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp

Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum are mollicutes species that colonize the urogenital tract of many asymptomatic persons but are also thought to be associated with symptomatic infections. Using 170 strains isolated between 2016 and 2019 in a German university hospital, resistance was tested by a combination of commercial tests, molecular methods and determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations. Rates of resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones were 0%, 4.1% and 7.1%, respectively.

Negonorėjiniai uretritai: etiopatogenezė, klinikos, diagnostikos ir gydymo savitumai

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Simona Žilinskienė ◽  
Arūnas Petkevičius
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum

Negonorėjinis uretritas (NGU) yra dažniausia vyrų lytinių takų liga. Mokslinių tyrimų rezultatais pagrįsta, kad pagrindiniai sukėlėjai yra Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum. Įdiegus pažangius molekulinės diagnostikos metodus, dažnai šlaplės mikrofloroje randama Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, Gardnerella vaginalis ir kitų saprofitinių mikroorganizmų, kurių svarba uretritų etiopatogenezėje yra prieštaringa ir iki galo neišaiškinta. Negydytas vyrų uretritas gali sukelti sutrikimų, susijusių su reprodukcine bei lytine funkcija, ir yra viena iš pagrindinių nevaisingumo priežasčių. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra, apžvelgus mokslinę literatūrą, išanalizuoti vyrų NGU epidemiologiją, priežastis, diagnostikos ir gydymo galimybes.

scholarly journals In Vitro Selection of Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae by Amoxicillin-Clavulanate, Cefpodoxime, Cefprozil, Azithromycin, and Clarithromycin

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2956-2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Clark ◽  
Bülent Bozdogan ◽  
Mihaela Peric ◽  
Bonifacio Dewasse ◽  
Michael R. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Single Step ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

ABSTRACT Abilities of amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, azithromycin, and clarithromycin to select resistant mutants of Haemophilus influenzae were tested by multistep and single-step methodologies. For multistep studies, 10 random strains were tested: 5 of these were β-lactamase positive. After 50 daily subcultures in amoxicillin-clavulanate, MICs did not increase more than fourfold. However, cefprozil MICs increased eightfold for one strain. Clarithromycin and azithromycin gave a >4-fold increase in 8 and 10 strains after 14 to 46 and 20 to 50 days, respectively. Mutants selected by clarithromycin and azithromycin were associated with mutations in 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins L4 and L22. Three mutants selected by clarithromycin or azithromycin had alterations in ribosomal protein L4, while five had alterations in ribosomal protein L22. Two mutants selected by azithromycin had mutations in the gene encoding 23S rRNA: one at position 2058 and the other at position 2059 (Escherichia coli numbering), with replacement of A by G. One clone selected by clarithromycin became hypersusceptible to macrolides. In single-step studies azithromycin and clarithromycin had the highest mutation rates, while amoxicillin-clavulanate had the lowest. All resistant clones were identical to parents as observed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The MICs of azithromycin for azithromycin-resistant clones were 16 to >128 μg/ml, and those of clarithromycin for clarithromycin-resistant clones were 32 to >128 μg/ml in multistep studies. For strains selected by azithromycin, the MICs of clarithromycin were high and vice versa. After 50 daily subcultures in the presence of drugs, MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefpodoxime against H. influenzae did not rise more than fourfold, in contrast to cefprozil, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, whose MICs rose to variable degrees.

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