scholarly journals Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis Petioles: Influence of the Maturity Stage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1907
Author(s):  
Filipa Mandim ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
José Pinela ◽  
Marina Kostić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bioactive Potential

Hydroethanolic extracts of cardoon petioles collected at sixteen growth stages (P1–P16) were characterized in terms of their phenolic composition and bioactive potential (antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities). Fifteen phenolic compounds were tentatively identified (i.e., ten phenolic acids and five flavonoid glycosides); the main compounds were 5-O-caffeoylquinic and 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acids. Samples collected at early maturity (P1–P4) presented a weak positive correlation between the higher content in polyphenols (P3: 101-mg/g extract) and better inhibition capacity against thiobarbituric acid reactive substance formation (TBARS; P3: IC50 = 5.0 µg/mL). Samples at intermediate maturation stages (P9) presented higher cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory potential. Moreover, immature petioles showed greater antihemolytic (OxHLIA; P4: IC50 = 65 and 180 µg/mL for Δt of 60 and 120 min, respectively) and antibacterial activity. The antifungal activity varied depending on the maturation stage and the fungi strain. In conclusion, the maturation stage may greatly affect the polyphenols composition and content and the bioactive potential of cardoon petioles.

scholarly journals Infusions of Herbal Blends as Promising Sources of Phenolic Compounds and Bioactive Properties

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiane C. Finimundy ◽  
Carla Pereira ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
Cristina Caleja ◽  
Ricardo C. Calhelha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Nutraceutical Products

Several plants have been used for medicinal applications and have been traditionally consumed as decoctions and infusions. Although some herbs are used alone as a beverage, they are often blended in mixtures to maximize their effects. Herein, the nutritional characterization of six infusions from herbal blends was evaluated using the official methods of analysis (AOAC international). A further characterization of the individual phenolic profile was also performed by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn, and finally bioactive potential was determined by evaluating the antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities of each blend. The wide variety of plants in each sample led to variability in the results for all analyzed parameters. However, blends containing 15% Laurus nobilis L. and 15% Juglan regia L. in their composition showed higher sugar content and energy contribution; higher concentration of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids); greater antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory capacity; and also better antimicrobial effects against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate the real synergistic effects that these two species show in the presence of other plants, and to evaluate their potential for application in various food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical products as infusion preparations.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous Extracts of Wild Mushrooms from Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-486
Author(s):  
Sayumi Yamada ◽  
Mai Tanaka ◽  
Rina Miura ◽  
Chiaki Takeuchi ◽  
Zhihao Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Study of Physico-chemical Characteristics and Pharmacological Effects of 1-Ethyl-Salicyldene-bis-Ethylene-Diamine and Its Complex with Mn(II)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2534-2537
Author(s):  
Gladiola Tantaru ◽  
Mihai Apostu ◽  
Antonia Poiata ◽  
Mihai Nichifor ◽  
Nela Bibire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The paper presents the synthesis of a new complex combination of a Bis-Schiff base with Mn(II) ions with great potential for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. A new complex of the Salen-type ligand, 1-ethyl-salicylidene-bis-ethylene diamine was synthetized using Mn(II) ions. The chemical structure was confirmed through 1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the Bis-Schiff base and its complex were tested in comparison with Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Ofloxacin and Nystatin. Those compounds were found to be active against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, and had an anti-inflammatory effect comparable to that of Indomethacin.

Assessment of Cota altissima (L.) J. Gay for phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Göger ◽  
Muhammed Allak ◽  
Ali Şen ◽  
Fatih Göger ◽  
Mehmet Tekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

Abstract Phytochemical profiles of essential oil (EO), fatty acids, and n-hexane (CAH), diethyl ether (CAD), ethyl acetate (CAE) and methanol extracts (CAM) of Cota altissima L. J. Gay (syn. Anthemis altissima L.) were investigated as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activites. The essential oil was characterized by the content of acetophenone (35.8%) and β-caryophyllene (10.3%) by GC-MS/FID. Linoleic and oleic acid were found as main fatty acids. The major constituents of the extracts were found to be 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, isorhamnetin glucoside, quercetin and quercetin glucoside by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Also, the inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase and α-glucosidase enzymes were determined. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and yeast pathogens. CAM showed the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 126.60 and 144.40 μg/mL, respectively. In the anti-inflammatory activity, CAE demonstrated the highest antilipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 105.40 μg/mL, whereas, CAD showed the best inhibition of α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 396.40 μg/mL in the antidiabetic activity. CAH was effective against Staphylococcus aureus at MIC = 312.5 µg/mL. This is the first report on antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of C. altissima.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised from Cotyledon orbiculata Aqueous Extract

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Caroline Tyavambiza ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Elbagory ◽  
Abram Madimabe Madiehe ◽  
Mervin Meyer ◽  
Samantha Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Cotyledon orbiculata, commonly known as pig’s ear, is an important medicinal plant of South Africa. It is used in traditional medicine to treat many ailments, including skin eruptions, abscesses, inflammation, boils and acne. Many plants have been used to synthesize metallic nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, the synthesis of AgNPs from C. orbiculata has never been reported before. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs using C. orbiculata and evaluate their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). The antimicrobial activities of the nanoparticles against skin pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans) as well as their effects on cytokine production in macrophages (differentiated from THP-1 cells) were evaluated. The AgNPs from C. orbiculata exhibited antimicrobial activity, with the highest activity observed against P. aeruginosa (5 µg/mL). The AgNPs also showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta) in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. This concludes that the AgNPs produced from C. orbiculata possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammation properties.

scholarly journals Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Spilanthes acmella and Its Health Beneficial Effects: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Rohanizah Abdul Rahim ◽  
Putri Ayu Jayusman ◽  
Norliza Muhammad ◽  
Norazlina Mohamed ◽  
Vuanghao Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Spilanthes Acmella ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oxidative stress and inflammation are two common risk factors of various life-threatening disease pathogenesis. In recent years, medicinal plants that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were extensively studied for their potential role in treating and preventing diseases. Spilanthes acmella (S. acmella), which has been traditionally used to treat toothache in Malaysia, contains various active metabolites responsible for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and anesthetic bioactivities. These bioactivities were attributed to bioactive compounds, such as phenolic, flavonoids, and alkamides. The review focused on the summarization of in vitro and in vivo experimental reports on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of S. acmella, as well as how they contributed to potential health benefits in lowering the risk of diseases that were related to oxidative stress. The molecular mechanism of S. acmella in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory targets, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transcription factors of the nuclear factor-κB family (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were discussed. Besides, the antioxidant potential of S. acmella was measured by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide anion radical scavenging (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assays. This review revealed that S. acmella might have a potential role as a reservoir of bioactive agents contributing to the observed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and health beneficial effects.

Carbon Storage and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration of Banana Plants at Different Growth Stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 662-665
Author(s):  
Mu Qiu Zhao ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yun Feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Large annual herbaceous plants such as banana (Musa spp.) have a very impressive carbon (C) storage and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in agroecosystems, and play a certain role in global C cycle, climate regulation and reducing global warming. In this paper, we systematically studied C storage on the different growth stages, CO2sequestration and distribution, and mathematical models for predicting CO2sequestration by bananas which were planted in western Hainan island, China. The results showed that C content of dry matter in different structures of banana plants was 45-50% in line with the current results, and in fruit reached the highest, in stems and roots followed, while that in leaves were the lowest. C storage in different structures of banana plants increased exponentially during banana growing process (vegetative growth and bud stage), stems were the major storage structures of C, and roots and leaves also had considerable C storage. C fixed by banana plants was mainly distributed in fruit at fruit growing stage. CO2sequestration was 16.3, 41.1 and 80.0t/ha at vegetative growth, bud and fruit maturity stage separately, and power function model can be applied with stem diameter (D) or composite parameter (D2H) as independent variables to predict.

Potential role of a series of lysine-/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol 475 (22) ◽  
pp. 3687-3706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibing Dong ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
U937 Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum killing activities against bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and several parasites via cell membrane permeation and exhibit primarily immunomodulatory and anti-infective functions in their interactions with host cells. However, the mechanism underlying their anti-inflammatory activity remains to be elucidated. L-K6, an analog of temporin-1CEb isolated from the skin secretion of Rana chensinensis, has demonstrated a wide range of antimicrobial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the potent anti-inflammatory mechanism of L-K6 and its analogs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophage U937 cells were evaluated. We found that L-K6 suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors by two downstream signaling components in the MyD88-dependent pathway, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the NF (nuclear factor)-κB signaling pathway, but its analog L-K5, which had the same amino acid sequence as L-K6 but no Lys residue at the –COOH terminal, only inhibited the phosphorylation of I-κB and NF-κB. Importantly, L-K6 and L-K5 were actively taken up by U937 cells through an independent cell membrane disruption mechanism and were eventually localized to the perinuclear region. The L-K6 uptake process was mediated by endocytosis, but L-K5 was specifically taken up by U937 cells via TLR4 endocytosis. Our results demonstrated that L-K6 can neutralize LPS and diassociate LPS micelles to inhibit LPS from triggering the proinflammatory signaling pathway, and by partially inhibiting inflammatory responses by the intracellular target. However, L-K5 may mainly inhibit proinflammatory responses by intracellular reporters to modulate the NF-κB signaling pathway.

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