scholarly journals Microwave Planar Resonant Solutions for Glucose Concentration Sensing: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7018
Author(s):  
Carlos G. Juan ◽  
Benjamin Potelon ◽  
Cédric Quendo ◽  
Enrique Bronchalo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Resonant Sensors ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Potential Applications

The measurement of glucose concentration finds interesting potential applications in both industry and biomedical contexts. Among the proposed solutions, the use of microwave planar resonant sensors has led to remarkable scientific activity during the last years. These sensors rely on the changes in the dielectric properties of the medium due to variations in the glucose concentration. These devices show electrical responses dependent on the surrounding dielectric properties, and therefore the changes in their response can be related to variations in the glucose content. This work shows an up-to-date review of this sensing approach after more than one decade of research and development. The attempts involved are sorted by the sensing parameter, and the computation of a common relative sensitivity to glucose is proposed as general comparison tool. The manuscript also discusses the key points of each sensor category and the possible future lines and challenges of the sensing approach.

scholarly journals Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamou Diallo ◽  
Servé W. M. Kengen ◽  
Ana M. López-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sporulation Initiation ◽  
Solventogenic Clostridia

AbstractThe Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and ethanol, solventogenic clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbon sources to produce commercially valuable carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones by fermentation. Despite their potential, the conversion by these bacteria of carbohydrates or C1 compounds to alcohols is not cost-effective enough to result in economically viable processes. Engineering solventogenic clostridia by impairing sporulation is one of the investigated approaches to improve solvent productivity. Sporulation is a cell differentiation process triggered in bacteria in response to exposure to environmental stressors. The generated spores are metabolically inactive but resistant to harsh conditions (UV, chemicals, heat, oxygen). In Firmicutes, sporulation has been mainly studied in bacilli and pathogenic clostridia, and our knowledge of sporulation in solvent-producing or acetogenic clostridia is limited. Still, sporulation is an integral part of the cellular physiology of clostridia; thus, understanding the regulation of sporulation and its connection to solvent production may give clues to improve the performance of solventogenic clostridia. This review aims to provide an overview of the triggers, characteristics, and regulatory mechanism of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia. Those are further compared to the current knowledge on sporulation in the industrially relevant acetogenic clostridia. Finally, the potential applications of spores for process improvement are discussed.Key Points• The regulatory network governing sporulation initiation varies in solventogenic clostridia.• Media composition and cell density are the main triggers of sporulation.• Spores can be used to improve the fermentation process.

scholarly journals Cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Feedback Regulation of Glucose Concentration Controlled by Optical Fiber Glucose Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Lucie Koštejnová ◽  
Jakub Ondráček ◽  
Petra Majerová ◽  
Martin Koštejn ◽  
Gabriela Kuncová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Sensitive Layer ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Glucose Content

Glucose belongs among the most important substances in both physiology and industry. Current food and biotechnology praxis emphasizes its on-line continuous monitoring and regulation. These provoke increasing demand for systems, which enable fast detection and regulation of deviations from desired glucose concentration. We demonstrated control of glucose concentration by feedback regulation equipped with in situ optical fiber glucose sensor. The sensitive layer of the sensor comprises oxygen-dependent ruthenium complex and preimmobilized glucose oxidase both entrapped in organic–inorganic polymer ORMOCER®. The sensor was placed in the laboratory bioreactor (volume 5 L) to demonstrate both regulations: the control of low levels of glucose concentrations (0.4 and 0.1 mM) and maintenance of the glucose concentration (between 2 and 3.5 mM) during stationary phase of cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Response times did not exceed 6 min (average 4 min) with average deviation of 4%. Due to these regulation characteristics together with durable and long-lasting (≥2 month) sensitive layer, this feedback regulation system might find applications in various biotechnological processes such as production of low glucose content beverages.

MPN-369: Potential Applications of Liquid Biopsy in BCR-ABL1-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S364-S365
Author(s):  
Mihnea-Alexandru Găman ◽  
Matei-Alexandru Cozma ◽  
Elena-Codruta Dobrică ◽  
Sanda Maria Cretoiu ◽  
Amelia Maria Găman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Potential Applications

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Scientific Activity Performance of Organizations Performing Research and Development Based on FSMSO – DB AP SO data

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grishakina ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Ilieva ◽  
Nikita Komarov ◽  
Ivan Vershinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Activity Performance

scholarly journals Peritoneal dialysis fluid inhibition of phagocyte function: effects of osmolality and glucose concentration.

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1508-1515
Author(s):  
T Liberek ◽  
N Topley ◽  
A Jörres ◽  
G A Coles ◽  
G M Gahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Dialysis Fluids

Solutions were formulated to examine, independently, the roles of osmolality and glucose in the reduction of viability and inhibition of phagocyte function by dextrose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluids. The exposure of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) to test fluids containing > or = 2.7% (wt/vol) glucose resulted in significant cytotoxicity as assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase above control values (7.12 +/- 2.65%). At the highest concentration of glucose (4.5%), lactate dehydrogenase release was 15.83 +/- 0.49% (P < 0.05). These effects were directly related to the presence of D-glucose in the test fluids. In contrast, phagocytosis and the release of leukotriene B4 from PMN stimulated with serum-treated zymosan were significantly inhibited in an osmolality-, but not glucose-, dependent manner. The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 release from mononuclear leukocytes was inhibited by a combination of osmolality and monosaccharide concentration. Under the same conditions, PMN respiratory burst activation remained unaffected irrespective of glucose concentration or fluid osmolality. These data indicate that, in addition to the low pH of peritoneal dialysis fluid and its high lactate concentration, its glucose content (either directly or as a consequence of the resulting hyperosmolality of the fluid) inhibits cell functional parameters. These findings suggest clinically significant inhibition of host defense mechanisms because, in high-glucose dialysis fluids, osmolality does not reach physiologic values, even during extended intraperitoneal dwell periods.

scholarly journals Prospects of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems in a Hydrogen Economy: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuma Ogbonnaya ◽  
Chamil Abeykoon ◽  
Adel Nasser ◽  
Ali Turan ◽  
Cyril Sunday Ume
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Grid Applications

Integrated photovoltaic-fuel cell (IPVFC) systems, amongst other integrated energy generation methodologies are renewable and clean energy technologies that have received diverse research and development attentions over the last few decades due to their potential applications in a hydrogen economy. This article systematically updates the state-of-the-art of IPVFC systems and provides critical insights into the research and development gaps needed to be filled/addressed to advance these systems towards full commercialisation. The design methodologies, renewable energy-based microgrid and off-grid applications, energy management strategies, optimisations and the prospects as self-sustaining power source were covered. IPVFC systems could play an important role in the upcoming hydrogen economy since they depend on solar hydrogen which has almost zero emissions during operation. Highlighted herein are the progresses as well as the technical challenges requiring research efforts to solve to realise numerous potential applications of IPVFC systems such as in unmanned aerial vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, agricultural applications, telecommunications, desalination, synthesis of ammonia, boats, buildings, and distributed microgrid applications.

scholarly journals IR-Photometry Method for Measuring Glucose Concentration in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
N. M. Zhilo ◽  
M. O. Mikhailov ◽  
E. L. Litinskaia ◽  
K. V. Pozhar
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artificial Kidney ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Dialysate Solution

Introduction. The transition of glucose into the blood during automated peritoneal dialysis with regeneration of the dialysis fluid leads to a decreased removal of excess fluid from the body and corresponding violations of the water-salt balance.Aim. To consider a system for automatically maintaining the concentration of glucose in the dialysate solution, which provides effective ultrafiltration, as well as to propose a non-contact photometric feedback sensor.Materials and methods. The sensor is an optical system of an IR laser diode with a power of 30 mW and a wavelength of 1600 nm, a photodiode and a quartz tube, through which the test solution circulates. The sensor measures the attenuation of the radiation passing through the solution in a pulsed mode and calculates the glucose concentration. The selected combination of digital filters provides compensation for the noise of the optical system. Experimental studies of the efficiency of the sensor were carried out on peritoneal dialysis solutions with various concentrations of urea, creatinine, uric acid and glucose. At the beginning of the experiments, the sensor was calibrated in a pure solution.Results. It was shown that the developed sensor makes it possible to measure the concentration of glucose in a solution for peritoneal dialysis in the range of 42…220 mmol / l with a relative error of about 15%. The time of one measurement is about 1 minute, which makes it possible to obtain up-to-date information on the current concentration of the solution.Conclusion. This combination of characteristics will allow the sensor to be used in artificial kidney wearable devices for assessing the glucose content in the solution, calculating the time to change the solution and as a feedback sensor in a system for maintaining the concentration of the osmotic agent.

The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 810-826
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Erceg ◽  
Zafer Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
New Jobs ◽  
The Way

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are present in our lives, and although they are mostly connected to military purposes, they are becoming more present in the commercial and civilian sector. Possible applications of UAVs in the commercial and civilian sector will open new possibilities for further research and development of UAVs. This movement can bring new investment and new jobs, but at the same time, it will influence the way some activities are being done now. The use of UAVs brings savings in the production cycles and improve current operations in various industrial sectors. The chapter gives a definition and explains different types and potential applications of unmanned aerial vehicles in the word as well as the potential economic impact of their development and use. In the second part, the chapter analyzes the application of drones in Turkey and Croatia. Although different in terms of their size and the number of inhabitants, both countries are at the same level in relation to UAV application. Applications in both countries are compared, and after that, a conclusion is drawn.

Dielectric Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Single Phase BFO Prepared by Chemical Coprecipitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1235-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin Liu ◽  
Xiao Liang Dou ◽  
Huan Ying Xie ◽  
Jian Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Bismuth Ferrite ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Magnetic Ordering ◽  
Rhombohedral Phase ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Chemical Coprecipitation ◽  
Potential Applications

Bismuth ferrite (BFO), one of very few multiferroics with simultaneous coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic ordering, has attracted much attention due to its potential applications for new memory devices. In this work, 30~90 nm BFO powders with single rhombohedral phase were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method and after calcining of 500oC. Photocatalytic properties of the powders and dielectric properties of BFO ceramic were characterized, respectively. Cut-off wavelength of the powders at 590 nm exhibited efficient ultraviolet photocatalytic activity, which has been demonstrated by a photocatalytic result. 0.3g BFO powders can make 10 ppm RhB aqueous solution (100 ml) to decolorize and RhB decomposition rate reached to 95% during 3 hr UV irradiation. BFO ceramic can be obtained by sintering the green disc compacted with BFO powders at 800oC for 1h. Its dielectric constant is t about 250, and its dielectric loss is 0.03 at below 100 oC in the frequency range of 102 ~ 104 Hz and up to 1200 at 200 oC under 1 kHz, respectively. Reduced polarization is found due to higher loss and lower dielectric constant of the ceramic when the measuing frequency is more than 104 Hz. Magnetic hysteresis loop of BFO ceramic also shows weaker magnetic property, which may be attributed to size confinement effect of the nanostructures.

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