scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Rhodopsin Kinase Gene in the Suckers of Octopus vulgaris: Looking around Using Arms?

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Al-Sayed Al-Soudy ◽  
Valeria Maselli ◽  
Stefania Galdiero ◽  
Michael J. Kuba ◽  
Gianluca Polese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Rhodopsin Kinase ◽  
First Time ◽  
Identification And Characterization

In their foraging behavior octopuses rely on arm search movements outside the visual field of the eyes. In these movements the environment is explored primarily by the suckers that line the entire length of the octopus arm. In this study, for the first time, we report the complete characterization of a light-sensing molecule, Ov-GRK1, in the suckers, skin and retina of Octopus vulgaris. We sequenced the O. vulgaris GRK1 gene, defining a phylogenetic tree and performing a 3D structure model prediction. Furthermore, we found differences in relative mRNA expression in different sucker types at several arm levels, and localized it through in situ hybridization. Our findings suggest that the suckers in octopus arms are much more multimodal than was previously shown, adding the potential for light sensing to the already known mechanical and chemical sensing abilities.

Identification and characterization of normal length nonfluorescent Y chromosomes: cytogenetic analysis, Southern hybridization and non-isotopic in situ hybridization

1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Speleman ◽  
Bart Van der Auwera ◽  
Kathelijne Mangelschots ◽  
Miet Vercruyssen ◽  
Ton Raap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of α-Glucosidase Inhibition Flavonol Glycosides from Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Anita M. Sutedja ◽  
Emiko Yanase ◽  
Irmanida Batubara ◽  
Dedi Fardiaz ◽  
Hanifah N. Lioe
Keyword(s):  
2D Nmr ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
First Time ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Although the intake of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.), an underutilized tropical legume, can potentially decrease the risk of several chronic diseases, not much effort has been directed at profiling the polyphenolics contained therein. Hence, this work aimed to identify and quantify the dominant jack bean polyphenolics, which are believed to have antioxidant and other bioactivities. Four major compounds were detected and identified as kaempferol glycosides with three or four glycoside units. Their structures were established based on UV-visible, 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS analyses. Specifically, kaempferol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)- β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7-O-[3-O-o-anisoyl]-α-l-rhamnopyranoside was detected for the first time, while the other three compounds have already been described in plants other than jack bean. This new compound was found to have a higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity compared to acarbose.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Four Autophagy-Related Genes That Are Expressed in Response to Hypoxia in the Brain of the Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengming Sun ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Hongtuo Fu ◽  
Xianping Ge ◽  
Hongzheng You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Macrobrachium Nipponense ◽  
Oriental River Prawn ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Autophagy is a cytoprotective mechanism triggered in response to adverse environmental conditions. Herein, we investigated the autophagy process in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) following hypoxia. Full-length cDNAs encoding autophagy-related genes (ATGs) ATG3, ATG4B, ATG5, and ATG9A were cloned, and transcription following hypoxia was explored in different tissues and developmental stages. The ATG3, ATG4B, ATG5, and ATG9A cDNAs include open reading frames encoding proteins of 319, 264, 268, and 828 amino acids, respectively. The four M. nipponense proteins clustered separately from vertebrate homologs in phylogenetic analysis. All four mRNAs were expressed in various tissues, with highest levels in brain and hepatopancreas. Hypoxia up-regulated all four mRNAs in a time-dependent manner. Thus, these genes may contribute to autophagy-based responses against hypoxia in M. nipponense. Biochemical analysis revealed that hypoxia stimulated anaerobic metabolism in the brain tissue. Furthermore, in situ hybridization experiments revealed that ATG4B was mainly expressed in the secretory and astrocyte cells of the brain. Silencing of ATG4B down-regulated ATG8 and decreased cell viability in juvenile prawn brains following hypoxia. Thus, autophagy is an adaptive response protecting against hypoxia in M. nipponense and possibly other crustaceans. Recombinant MnATG4B could interact with recombinant MnATG8, but the GST protein could not bind to MnATG8. These findings provide us with a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of autophagy in prawns.

Dispersal of linezolid-resistant enterococci carrying poxtA or optrA in retail meat and food-producing animals from Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2865-2869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houyem Elghaieb ◽  
Ana R Freitas ◽  
Mohamed Salah Abbassi ◽  
Carla Novais ◽  
Mohamed Zouari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
First Time ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract Objectives The epidemiology of Enterococcus resistant to priority antibiotics including linezolid has mainly been investigated in developed countries and especially in hospitals. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of different non-human reservoirs for the burden of MDR enterococci in Tunisia, where scarce data are available. Methods Samples (n = 287) were collected from urban wastewater (n = 57), retail meat (n = 29; poultry/bovine/ovine), milk (n = 89; bovine/ovine), farm animal faeces (n = 80; poultry/bovine/ovine) and pets (n = 32; rabbit/dogs/cats/birds) in different Tunisian regions (2014–17). They were plated onto Slanetz–Bartley agar after pre-enrichment without antibiotics. Standard methods were used for bacterial identification and characterization of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes (PCR), antibiotic susceptibility testing (disc diffusion/broth microdilution; EUCAST/CLSI) and clonality (SmaI-PFGE/MLST). Results All samples carried Enterococcus (n = 377 isolates) resistant to antibiotics considered to be critical or highly important by WHO. Even without antibiotic selection, 38% of Enterococcus faecalis (Efs) and 22% of Enterococcus faecium (Efm) were identified as MDR. Linezolid-resistant isolates (5%; MIC = 8 mg/L) comprised six poxtA-carrying Efm (cow milk), seven optrA-carrying Efs (chicken faeces/meat) and five Efm lacking cfr/optrA/poxtA (poultry/bovine/ovine/wastewater). Clinically relevant Efm clones (clade A1) were identified in animal/meat sources. Ampicillin resistance (1%) was confined to ST18/ST78-like MDR Efm clones from bovine meat/milk samples carrying relevant virulence markers (e.g. ptsD/IS16). Conclusions This study provides evidence of the contribution of livestock and foodstuffs to the dispersal of acquired linezolid resistance genes including poxtA and optrA. We report the first poxtA-carrying Efm in Tunisia, and for the first time in bovine samples, stressing the urgent need for alternative measures to counteract the spread of linezolid-resistant enterococci globally.

scholarly journals The identification and characterization of a testis-specific cDNA during spermatogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Jiarui Hu ◽  
Ping Song ◽  
Wuming Gong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Splicing Factors ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractUsing bioinformatics and experimental validation, we obtained a cDNA (named srsf) which was exclusively expressed in the mouse testes. RT-PCR analysis showed that srsf mRNA was not expressed in the gonad during the sex determination period or during embryogenesis. In developing mouse tests, srsf expression was first detected on post-natal day 10, reached its highest level on day 23, and then reduced to and remained at a moderate level throughout adulthood. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that srsf mRNA was expressed in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids in the testes. The predicted protein contains one RNA-binding domain (RBD) and a serine-arginine rich domain (RS), which are characterized by some splicing factors of SR family members. These findings indicate that srsf may play a role during spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals A small mitochondrial protein present in myzozoans is essential for malaria transmission

Open Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 160034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Klug ◽  
Gunnar R. Mair ◽  
Friedrich Frischknecht ◽  
Ross G. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Developmental Defect ◽  
Mitochondrial Mass ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Drug Targets ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Myzozoans (which include dinoflagellates, chromerids and apicomplexans) display notable divergence from their ciliate sister group, including a reduced mitochondrial genome and divergent metabolic processes. The factors contributing to these divergent processes are still poorly understood and could serve as potential drug targets in disease-causing protists. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a small mitochondrial protein from the rodent-infecting apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium berghei that is essential for development in its mosquito host. Parasites lacking the gene mitochondrial protein ookinete developmental defect ( mpodd ) showed malformed parasites that were unable to transmit to mosquitoes. Knockout parasites displayed reduced mitochondrial mass without affecting organelle integrity, indicating no role of the protein in mitochondrial biogenesis or morphology maintenance but a likely role in mitochondrial import or metabolism. Using genetic complementation experiments, we identified a previously unrecognized Plasmodium falciparum homologue that can rescue the mpodd(−) phenotype, thereby showing that the gene is functionally conserved. As far as can be detected, mpodd is found in myzozoans, has homologues in the phylum Apicomplexa and appears to have arisen in free-living dinoflagellates. This suggests that the MPODD protein has a conserved mitochondrial role that is important for myzozoans. While previous studies identified a number of essential proteins which are generally highly conserved evolutionarily, our study identifies, for the first time, a non-canonical protein fulfilling a crucial function in the mitochondrion during parasite transmission.

Identification and characterization of ANKK1: A novel kinase gene closely linked to DRD2 on chromosome band 11q23.1

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt J. Neville ◽  
Elaine C. Johnstone ◽  
Robert T. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Band ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Nanomeasurements of individual carbon nanotubes by in situ TEM

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. L. Wang ◽  
P. Poncharal ◽  
W. A. de Heer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Field

Property characterization of nanomaterials is challenged by the small size of the structure because of the difficulties in manipulation. Here we demonstrate a novel approach that allows a direct measurement of the mechanical and electrical properties of individual nanotube-like structures by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The technique is powerful in a way that it can be directly correlated to the atomic-scale microstructure of the carbon nanotube with its physical properties, thus providing a complete characterization of the nanotube. Applications of the technique will be demonstrated in measurements of the mechanical properties, the electron field emission, and the ballistic quantum conductance of individual carbon nanotubes. A nanobalance technique is demonstrated that can be applied to measure the mass of a single tiny particle as light as 22 fg (1 f = 10-15 ).

scholarly journals Field characterization of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor: insights into the composition, sources, and processes of fine particles in eastern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 14501-14517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
Lili Tang ◽  
Philip L. Croteau ◽  
Olivier Favez ◽  
Yele Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Inorganic Aerosols ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Time

Abstract. A PM2.5-capable aerosol chemical speciation monitor (Q-ACSM) was deployed in urban Nanjing, China, for the first time to measure in situ non-refractory fine particle (NR-PM2.5) composition from 20 October to 19 November 2015, along with parallel measurements of submicron aerosol (PM1) species by a standard Q-ACSM. Our results show that the NR-PM2.5 species (organics, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) measured by the PM2.5-Q-ACSM are highly correlated (r2 > 0.9) with those measured by a Sunset Lab OC  /  EC analyzer and a Monitor for AeRosols and GAses (MARGA). The comparisons between the two Q-ACSMs illustrated similar temporal variations in all NR species between PM1 and PM2.5, yet substantial mass fractions of aerosol species were observed in the size range of 1–2.5 µm. On average, NR-PM1−2.5 contributed 53 % of the total NR-PM2.5, with sulfate and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) being the two largest contributors (26 and 27 %, respectively). Positive matrix factorization of organic aerosol showed similar temporal variations in both primary and secondary OAs between PM1 and PM2.5, although the mass spectra were slightly different due to more thermal decomposition on the capture vaporizer of the PM2.5-Q-ACSM. We observed an enhancement of SOA under high relative humidity conditions, which is associated with simultaneous increases in aerosol pH, gas-phase species (NO2, SO2, and NH3) concentrations and aerosol water content driven by secondary inorganic aerosols. These results likely indicate an enhanced reactive uptake of SOA precursors upon aqueous particles. Therefore, reducing anthropogenic NOx, SO2, and NH3 emissions might not only reduce secondary inorganic aerosols but also the SOA burden during haze episodes in China.

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