scholarly journals Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Nives Jovičić ◽  
Alan Antonović ◽  
Ana Matin ◽  
Suzana Antolović ◽  
Sanja Kalambura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Liquefied Wood ◽  
New Applications

Globally, lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for industrial production of materials and products, but this resource must be used in an environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and sustainable manner. Wood and agricultural residues such as walnut shells as lignocellulosic biomass are one of the most affordable and important renewable resources in the world, which can partially replace fossil resources. The overall objective of the research is to provide background information that supports new applications of walnut shells in a biorefinery context and to increase the economic value of these non-wood forest products. This paper presents the properties characterization of liquefied biomass according to their chemical composition. All results were compared to liquefied wood. In this study, the liquefaction properties of five different walnut shell particle sizes were determined using glycerol as the liquefaction reagent under defined reaction conditions. The liquefied biomass was characterized for properties such as percentage residue, degree of liquefaction, and hydroxyl OH numbers. The chemical composition of the same biomass was investigated for its influence on the liquefaction properties. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to determine the liquefaction properties of different particle sizes as a function of their chemical composition, also in comparison with the chemical composition of wood. The study revealed that walnut shell biomass can be effectively liquefied into glycerol using H2SO4 as the catalyst, with liquefaction efficiency ranging from 89.21 to 90.98%.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Novel Magnesium Composite/Walnut Shells-Derived Biochar for As and P Sorption from Aqueous Solutions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Vladimír Frišták ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Vladimír Turčan ◽  
Stephen M. Bell ◽  
Haywood Dail Laughinghouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Sorption Efficiency ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
Sorption From Aqueous Solutions

Elevated or unnatural levels of arsenic (As) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in soils and waterbodies from anthropogenic sources can present significant hazards for both natural ecosystems and human food production. Effective, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive materials, such as biochar, are needed to reduce mobility and bioavailability of As and P. While biochar features several physicochemical properties that make it an ideal contaminant sorbent, certain modifications such as mineral-impregnation can improve sorption efficiencies for targeted compounds. Here, we conducted sorption experiments to investigate and quantify the potential utility of magnesium (Mg) for improving biochar sorption efficiency of P and As. We synthesized a Mg-modified walnut shells-derived biochar and characterized its ability to remove As and P from aqueous solutions, thereby mitigating losses of valuable P when needed while, at the same time, immobilizing hazardous As in ecosystems. SEM-EDX, FTIR and elemental analysis showed morphological and functional changes of biochar and the formation of new Mg-based composites (MgO, MgOHCl) responsible for improved sorption potential capacity by 10 times for As and 20 times for P. Sorption efficiency was attributed to improved AEC, higher SSA, chemical forms of sorbates and new sorption site formations. Synthetized Mg-composite/walnut shell-derived biochar also removed >90% of P from real samples of wastewater, indicating its potential suitability for contaminated waterbody remediation.

scholarly journals An integrated approach to identification and conservation of medicinal plants in the tropical forest—a Brazilian experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Claudio Di Stasi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Toxicological Studies

An integrated and interdisciplinary research programme with native medicinal plants from tropical forests has been performed in order to obtain new forest products for sustainable use in regional markets vis-à-vis ecosystem conservation. For the success of this programme ethnopharmacological studies are very important with respect to (i) identification of useful plants including medicinal and aromatic species; (ii) recuperation and preservation of traditional knowledge about native plants; and (iii) identification of potential plants with economic value. The plants are selected with a view to evaluate efficacy and safety (pharmacological and toxicological studies), and phytochemical profile and quality control (phytochemical and chromatographic characterization). These studies are very important to add value to plant products and also to mitigate unscrupulous exploitation of medicinal plants by local communities, since multiple use of plants represents an excellent strategy for sustaining the tropical ecosystem through ex situ and in situ conservation. Thus, conservation of tropical resources is possible in conjunction with improvements in the quality of life of the traditional communities and production of new products with therapeutic, cosmetic and ‘cosmeceutic’ value.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials and nanotechnology for the delivery of agrochemicals: strategies towards sustainable agriculture

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changcheng An ◽  
Changjiao Sun ◽  
Ningjun Li ◽  
Bingna Huang ◽  
Jiajun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Improve Food Security

AbstractNanomaterials (NMs) have received considerable attention in the field of agrochemicals due to their special properties, such as small particle size, surface structure, solubility and chemical composition. The application of NMs and nanotechnology in agrochemicals dramatically overcomes the defects of conventional agrochemicals, including low bioavailability, easy photolysis, and organic solvent pollution, etc. In this review, we describe advances in the application of NMs in chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which are the two earliest and most researched areas of NMs in agrochemicals. Besides, this article concerns with the new applications of NMs in other agrochemicals, such as bio-pesticides, nucleic acid pesticides, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and pheromone. We also discuss challenges and the industrialization trend of NMs in the field of agrochemicals. Constructing nano-agrochemical delivery system via NMs and nanotechnology facilitates the improvement of the stability and dispersion of active ingredients, promotes the precise delivery of agrochemicals, reduces residual pollution and decreases labor cost in different application scenarios, which is potential to maintain the sustainability of agricultural systems and improve food security by increasing the efficacy of agricultural inputs. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals The total economic value of forest ecosystem services in the tropical forests of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-503
Author(s):  
K.M. Nitanan ◽  
A. Shuib ◽  
R. Sridar ◽  
V. Kunjuraman ◽  
S. Zaiton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Total Economic Value

Direct and indirect use of values and non-use values from forest ecosystem services perform an invaluable set of functions that cater to the needs of both living and non-living things. The values include market services obtained from timber and non-timber forest products, and non-market services (recreation, watershed protection and conservation value) were identified as components of the Total Economic Value (TEV). However, it is difficult to assign a monetary value to all goods and services provided by the forest. Failure to conserve the national park will result in the degradation of the forest and a reduction in the contribution of the forest ecosystem services to the community. Based on the result of this study, the TEV value of forest ecosystem services was estimated at RM 13 billion, and the estimation provides policy-relevant information for forest management and conservation purposes in Malaysia.

IPTEK bagi Masyarakat Perbatasan Entikong dalam Pengolahan Kerajinan Bambu

Bakti Budaya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Gusti Eva Tavita ◽  
Warsidah Warsidah ◽  
Anthoni B. Aritonang ◽  
Asri Mulya Ashari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The People ◽  
Border Areas

Entikong is one of Indonesia's land border areas with Sarawak Malaysia, which is the gateway for economic and business activities. Despite being the front porch of a country, the fact is that the border areas of the State are very conditioned with lag. Limited access to public service resources and the inadequate community ability in processing natural resources including agriculture and plantations are the dominant factors influencing the lag of a border area. Bamboo is one of the abundant forest products in Entikong. The use of bamboo in the community is still limited to its use as building materials (scaffolding) and as a protective fence for plants in the gardens of the citizens. Bamboo Rope (Gigantochloa hasskarliana Kurz) species of bamboo found in the Entikong region, where elsewhere it generally makes it as a household handicraft material, but has not been used effectively in the entikong region. Community service activities aim to improve the skills of the Entikong community in processing bamboo plants as handicrafts of household goods of economic value so that it can be an additional source of income for the people on the border ===== Entikong adalah wilayah perbatasan darat Indonesia dengan Sarawak Malaysia, yang menjadi gerbang kegiatan ekonomi dan perniagaan. Meskipun menjadi beranda depan dari suatu negara, kenyataannya bahwa wilayah batas negara sangat sarat dengan ketertinggalan. Keterbatasan mengakses sumber-sumber pelayanan masyarakat dan kemampuan masyarakat yang tidak memadai dalam mengolah sumber daya alam termasuk pertanian dan perkebunan merupakan faktor yang dominan memengaruhi ketertinggalan sebuah wilayah perbatasan. Bambu adalah salah satu hasil hutan yang kelimpahannya besar di daerah Entikong. Pemanfaatan bambu dalam masyarakat masih terbatas pada penggunaannya sebagai bahan bangunan (perancah) dan sebagai pagar pelindung tanaman di kebun-kebun warga. Bambu tali (Gigantochloa hasskarliana Kurz.) adalah salah satu spesies bambu yang terdapat di wilayah Entikong. Di tempat lain umumnya menjadikannya sebagai bahan kerajinan rumah tangga, tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara efektif di wilayah Entikong. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan warga masyarakat Entikong dalam mengolah tanaman bambu sebagai kerajinan alat-alat rumah tangga yang bernilai ekonomis sehingga dapat menjadi sumber penghasilan tambahan masyarakat di perbatasan tersebut.

scholarly journals Influence of the Collection Season on Production, Size, and Chemical Composition of Bee Pollen Produced by Apis Mellifera L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana F. Negrão ◽  
Lidia M. R. C. Barreto ◽  
Ricardo O. Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Collection Period

Abstract The aim of our study was to investigate how the collection period affects and influences the production, chemical composition, and size of bee pollen loads (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, greater than 2.0 mm). The results showed there was a predominance of pollen loads with a diameter greater than 2.0 mm in all the production seasons. For all the seasons, there were no differences in protein content between the particle sizes. But when comparing 0.5 mm during the different periods, there were significant differences; the highest value was found during the winter (24.39 ± 3.7%). As far as lipids and crude fiber are concerned, we obtained differences between the same granulometry sizes for the spring and summer seasons. As for ashes, the results showed differences between different particle sizes for the summer and autumn seasons. Our results have shown that regardless of pollen particle size, its quality was not altered, suggesting that smaller loads can be commercially used by containing nutritional quality or else be used by beekeepers as a supplement during periods of food scarcity.

Valuation of Rainforest Preservation in the Amazon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Strand
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Regulating Services ◽  
Provisioning Services

Different ecosystem values of the Amazon rainforest are surveyed in economic terms. Spatial rainforest valuation is crucial for good forest management, such as where to put the most effort to stop illegal logging and forest fires, and which areas to designate as new nationally protected areas. Three classes of economic value are identified, according to who does the valuation: values accruing to the local and regional populations (of South America); carbon values (which are global); and other global (noncarbon) values. Only the first two classes are discussed. Three types of value are separated according to ecosystem service delivered from the rainforest: provisioning services; supporting and regulating services; and cultural and other human services. Net values of provisioning services, including reduced impact logging and various non-timber forest products, are well documented for the entire Brazilian Amazon at a spatially detailed scale and amount to at least $20–50/ha/year. Less-detailed information exists about values of fish, game, and bioprospecting from the Amazon, although their total values can be shown to be sizable. Many supporting and regulating services are harder to value economically, in particular climate regulation and watershed and erosion protection. Impacts of changed rainfall when Amazon rainforest is lost have been valued at detailed scale, but with relative model values of $10–20/ha/year. Carbon values are much larger, at a carbon price of $30/ton CO2, around $14,000/ha as capitalized value. The average per-hectare value of tourism and the health benefits from having the Amazon forest are low, and such values cannot easily be pinned down to individual areas of the Amazon. Finally, the biodiversity values of the Amazon, as accruing to the local and regional population, seem to be small based on recent stated-preference work in Brazil. Most of the values related to biodiversity are likely to be global and may. in principle, be very large, but the global components are not valued here. The concept of value is discussed, and a marginal valuation concept (practically useful for policy) is favored as opposed to an average or total valuation. Marginal value can be below average value (as is likely for biodiversity and tourism), but can also in some contexts be higher. This can occur where losing forest at a local scale increases the prevalence of forest fires and where it increases forest dryness, leading to a multiplier process whereby more forest is lost. While strides have recently been made to improve rainforest valuation at both micro- and macroscales, much work still remains.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hydrogen Yield Evolution in Gaseous Fraction and Biochar Structure Resulting from Walnut Shells Pyrolysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6359
Author(s):  
Elena David
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Gaseous Fraction

Conversion experiments of wet and dry walnut shells were performed, the influence of moisture content on the hydrogen yield in the gas fraction was estimated and the resulted biochar structure was presented. Measurements of the biochar structures were performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. The results demonstrate that heating rate played a key role in the pyrolysis process and influenced the biochar structure. Under fast heating rate, the interactions between the water vapors released and other intermediate products, such as biochar was enhanced and consequently more hydrogen was generated. It could also be observed that both biochar samples, obtained from wet and dry walnut shells, had an approximately smooth surface and are different from the rough surface of the raw walnut shell, but there are not obvious differences in shape and pores structure between the two biochar samples. The increasing of the biochar surface area versus pyrolysis temperature is due tothe formation of micropores in structure. The biochar shows a surface morphology in the form of particles with rough, compact and porous structure. In addition the biochar structure confirmed that directly pyrolysis of wet walnut shells without predried treatment has enhanced the hydrogen content in the gas fraction.

scholarly journals Determination of the Content of Iodine in a Nut Corner by Pyrolysis in the Temperature Range 100-550°C

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
G. Toktorbaeva ◽  
Y. Tashpolotov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Inorganic Component ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Pyrolysis Method

The article presents the results of scientific research on the processing of nutshells by the pyrolysis method. The process of pyrolysis of walnut shells in the temperature range of 100–550 °C with the formation of charcoal without air was studied. The inorganic component in the shell is about 25%, while the organic part is 75%. It was found that the yield of charcoal from the walnut shell is 31.3% by weight at 550 °C, and the iodine concentration is 0.105 μg/dm3.

scholarly journals On Bill Gates (One Billiton Gaharu for One Village)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ary Syofian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Bill Gates ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccencis) is the most expensive crop of non-wood forest products(HHBK) Indonesia. Aromatic substances of gaharu make this commodity has a high valuein the world. Gaharu is a multifunctional plant that is rich in benefits, including for healthneeds, beauty industry, and ritual. PT. Gaharu Wood Indonesia declared West Sumatera in1985 once scored history as a producer of the best gaharu commodity in the world.However, the high selling value of gaharu encourages people to exploit gaharu plantsregardless of their sustainability, so that the gaharu plant population is decreasing. Thisdoes not support the implementation of Law no. 39 of 2014 on the development, revocationand processing of plantations. Therefore, prevention efforts need to be done withconservation measures, namely through the program On Bill Gates Entrepreneurship (OneBillion Gaharu for One Village Program) as an Effort to Optimalize Integrated EstateEstate Community Through Gaharu Cultivation In Kenagarian Barulak, West Sumatera toAchieve SDG's 2030 On Bill Gates is intended as a form of attention of the younggeneration in preserving the potential of gaharu plants in improving the economic value ofthe community and realizing a global competitive farming business. The method of writingthis scientific paper is descriptive qualitative, which provides a comprehensive picture of aproblem that develops with an innovative idea that will be used as a preventive solution.The output of this scientific work is the realization of farming in Kenagarian Barulak, WestSumatera that potentially increase the economic value of society, and encourage the younggeneration to be able to move in participatory in realizing Indonesia's sustainabledevelopment.Keyword: gaharu (aquilaria malaccencis), on bill gates, SDG’s 2030

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