scholarly journals Circulatory Endothelin 1-Regulating RNAs Panel: Promising Biomarkers for Non-Invasive NAFLD/NASH Diagnosis and Stratification: Clinical and Molecular Pilot Study

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Reda Albadawy ◽  
Sara H. A. Agwa ◽  
Eman Khairy ◽  
Maha Saad ◽  
Naglaa El Touchy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sting Pathway ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major seeds of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no convenient reliable non-invasive early diagnostic tool available for NAFLD/NASH diagnosis and stratification. Recently, the role of cytosolic sensor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway in pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been evidenced in research. We have selected EDN1/TNF/MAPK3/EP300/hsa-miR-6888-5p/lncRNA RABGAP1L-DT-206 RNA panel from bioinformatics microarrays databases related to STING pathway and NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis. We have used reverse-transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression of the serum RNAs panel in NAFLD/NASH without suspicion of advanced fibrosis, NAFLD/with NASH patients with suspicion of advanced fibrosis and controls. Additionally, we have assessed the diagnostic performance of the Ribonucleic acid (RNA) panel. We have detected upregulation of the EDN1 regulating RNAs panel expression in NAFLD/NASH cases compared to healthy controls. We concluded that this circulatory RNA panel could enable us to discriminate NAFLD/NASH cases from controls, and also NAFLD/NASH cases (F1, F2) from advanced fibrosis stages (F3, F4).

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome-Based Metagenomic Signature for Non-invasive Detection of Advanced Fibrosis in Human Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1054-1062.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Loomba ◽  
Victor Seguritan ◽  
Weizhong Li ◽  
Tao Long ◽  
Niels Klitgord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Liver fibrosis is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with liver biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeang Arai ◽  
Masanori Atsukawa ◽  
Akihito Tsubota ◽  
Keizo Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to subclinical atherosclerosis. However, whether the severity of the disease (or which histopathological component) is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between the histopathological severity of NAFLD and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in Japanese patients with liver biopsy-proven NAFLD. Maximum-CIMT (max-CIMT) was measured as an index of carotid atherosclerosis in 195 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. A significant association was observed between the severity of fibrosis (but not steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning) and max-CIMT. Older age, male gender, hypertension, and advanced fibrosis were independently linked to max-CIMT ≥ 1.2 mm. The prevalence of max-CIMT ≥ 1.2 mm was significantly higher in the advanced fibrosis group than in the non-advanced fibrosis group (75.4% versus 44.0%; p < 0.01). Non-invasive liver fibrosis markers and scoring systems, including fibrosis-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, hyaluronic acid, and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein, demonstrated that the diagnostic performance for max-CIMT ≥ 1.2 mm was similar to that of biopsy-based fibrosis staging. In conclusion, advanced fibrosis is significantly and independently associated with high-risk CIMT. Non-invasive fibrosis markers and scoring systems could help estimate the risk of atherosclerosis progression in patients with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Molecular diagnosis of scabies using a novel probe-based polymerase chain reaction assay targeting high-copy number repetitive sequences in the Sarcoptes scabiei genome

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009149
Author(s):  
Lena Chng ◽  
Deborah C. Holt ◽  
Matt Field ◽  
Joshua R. Francis ◽  
Dev Tilakaratne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background The suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of available diagnostic methods for scabies hampers clinical management, trials of new therapies and epidemiologic studies. Additionally, parasitologic diagnosis by microscopic examination of skin scrapings requires sample collection with a sharp scalpel blade, causing discomfort to patients and difficulty in children. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assays, combined with non-invasive sampling methods, represent an attractive approach. In this study, we aimed to develop a real-time probe-based PCR test for scabies, test a non-invasive sampling method and evaluate its diagnostic performance in two clinical settings. Methodology/Principal findings High copy-number repetitive DNA elements were identified in draft Sarcoptes scabiei genome sequences and used as assay targets for diagnostic PCR. Two suitable repetitive DNA sequences, a 375 base pair microsatellite (SSR5) and a 606 base pair long tandem repeat (SSR6), were identified. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were tested using relevant positive and negative control materials and compared to a published assay targeting the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Both assays were positive at a 1:100 dilution of DNA from a single mite; no amplification was observed in DNA from samples from 19 patients with other skin conditions nor from house dust, sheep or dog mites, head and body lice or from six common skin bacterial and fungal species. Moderate sensitivity of the assays was achieved in a pilot study, detecting 5/7 (71.4% [95% CI: 29.0% - 96.3%]) of clinically diagnosed untreated scabies patients). Greater sensitivity was observed in samples collected by FLOQ swabs compared to skin scrapings. Conclusions/Significance This newly developed qPCR assay, combined with the use of an alternative non-invasive swab sampling technique offers the possibility of enhanced diagnosis of scabies. Further studies will be required to better define the diagnostic performance of these tests.

scholarly journals Predictors of advanced fibrosis in elderly patients with biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The GOASIA study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panyavee Pitisuttithum ◽  
Wah Kheong Chan ◽  
Panida Piyachaturawat ◽  
Kento Imajo ◽  
Atsushi Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background: The Gut and Obesity in Asia (GOASIA) Workgroup was formed to study obesity and gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia Pacific region. We aimed to 1) compare the characteristics of elderly (i.e. age ≥ 60) vs. non-elderly patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); 2) identify predictors of advanced fibrosis in elderly patients with NAFLD; and 3) assess the performance of non-invasive fibrosis scores in the prediction of advance fibrosis in the elderly population. Methods: We abstracted the data of 1008 patients with NAFLD from nine centers across eight countries. Characteristics of elderly and non-elderly patients with NAFLD were compared using 1:3 sex-matched analysis. Results: Of the 1008 patients, 175 were elderly [age 64 (62-67) years], who were matched with 525 non-elderly patients [46 (36-54) years]. Elderly patients were more likely to have advanced fibrosis (35.4% vs. 13.3%; p<0.001). By multivariable analysis, factors associated with advanced fibrosis in elderly patients included female sex [odds ratio (OR) 3.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-7.54] and hypertension (OR 3.68; 95%CI 1.11-12.23). The area under receiver-operating characteristics curve (95% CI) of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, NAFLD fibrosis score and Fibrosis-4 index for predicting advanced fibrosis in elderly patients were 0.62 (0.52-0.72), 0.65 (0.55-0.75) and 0.64 (0.54-0.74) respectively. Conclusions: Elderly patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of advanced fibrosis than non-elderly patients. Female and hypertension were predicting factors for advanced fibrosis in the elderly. Non-invasive fibrosis scores had a lower specificity in elderly.

Role of polymerase chain reaction as an early diagnostic tool for neonatal bacterial sepsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar S. Shaat ◽  
Soraya A. El Shazly ◽  
Mohamed M. Badr Eldin ◽  
Shahira S. Barakat ◽  
Mona H. Hashish
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Early Diagnostic

scholarly journals Application of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction of plasma methylated septin 9 on detection and early monitoring of colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yao Ma ◽  
Cherry Sze Yan Chan ◽  
Kam Shing Lau ◽  
Lui Ng ◽  
Yuen Yee Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Septin 9 ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

AbstractMethylated septin 9 (SEPT9) has been approved for non-invasive screening of colorectal cancer (CRC), but data on monitoring of CRC is sparse. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), with higher detection precision and simpler quantification than conventional PCR, has not been applied in SEPT9 detection. We explored the role of SEPT9 ddPCR for CRC detection and to measure serial SEPT9 levels in blood samples of CRC patients before and 3-month after surgery. SEPT9 methylated ratio, methylated abundance, and CEA levels were all higher in CRC patients than normal controls (all P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for methylated ratio and abundance to detect CRC was 0.707 and 0.710, respectively. There was an increasing trend for SEPT9 methylated abundance from proximal to distal cancers (P = 0.017). At 3-month after surgery, both methylated abundance and ratio decreased (P = 0.005 and 0.053, respectively), especially methylated abundance in stage III and distal cancer (both P < 0.01). We have developed a ddPCR platform for the quantitative detection of plasma SEPT9 in CRC patients. SEPT9 methylated abundance had an early post-operative decline, which may be useful in monitoring of treatment response.

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