scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Literature on Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12360
Author(s):  
Stefano Cianetti ◽  
Chiara Valenti ◽  
Massimiliano Orso ◽  
Giuseppe Lomurno ◽  
Michele Nardone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged

Dental caries and periodontal disease represent a health problem and a social cost for the entire population, and in particular for socio-economically disadvantaged individuals who are less resistant to disease. The aim of this review is to estimate the prevalence and severity of the two dental pathologies, caries and periodontal disease, in the different classes of socio-economically disadvantaged subjects and to understand which of them are most affected. A systematic search of the literature was performed in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and Web of Science after establishing a suitable search strategy for each database, using keywords related to socio-economically vulnerable classes and health outcomes. Socio-economically disadvantaged individuals are more susceptible to tooth decay and periodontal disease (with relative tooth loss) than non-vulnerable people. Additionally, when multiple vulnerabilities are combined in the same subject, these oral diseases worsen. There is no type of vulnerability more affected by caries and periodontitis than others, since overall they all have severe disease indices. The data from this systematic literature review might be useful for health policy makers looking to allocate more resources and services to socially disadvantaged individuals, resulting in making them more resilient to oral disease due to their social marginalization.

Investigation of probiotic bacteria as dental caries and periodontal disease biotherapeutics

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saha ◽  
C. Tomaro-Duchesneau ◽  
L. Rodes ◽  
M. Malhotra ◽  
M. Tabrizian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Oral Inflammation

Oral diseases, specifically dental caries and periodontal disease, are characterised by increases in pathogenic microorganisms, increased demineralisation and increased inflammation and levels of inflammatory markers. Despite the therapeutic strategies, oral diseases have elevated prevalence rates. Recent work has demonstrated that probiotic bio-therapeutics can decrease oral pathogen counts, including caries-causing Streptococcus mutans and oral inflammation. The aim of this work was to investigate putative probiotic bacteria, selected for S. mutans inhibition and for their oral health-promoting characteristics. The probiotic bacteria were screened for S. mutans inhibition, probiotic bacteriocin activity, salivary pH modulation, probiotic nutrient (sucrose) competition, probiotic co-aggregation with S. mutans, bacterial attachment to oral epithelial keratinocytes, bacterial nitric oxide production and bacterial antioxidant activity. The results indicate that Lactobacillus reuteri strains NCIMB 701359, NCIMB 701089, NCIMB 702655 and NCIMB 702656 inhibited S. mutans to non-detectable levels (<10 cfu/ml). L. reuteri strains also demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacity of the tested strains (7.73-13.99 µM Trolox equivalents), suggesting their use as both caries and periodontal disease therapeutics. Although Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 inhibited S. mutans at lower levels, it significantly buffered the pH (4.18) of saliva containing S. mutans, co-aggregated with S. mutans (10.09%), demonstrated high levels of sucrose consumption (138.11 mM) and successfully attached to gingival epithelial cells (11%). This study identified four L. reuteri strains and one L. fermentum strain to be further investigated as oral disease biotherapeutics.

Formulation and evaluation of herbal tooth powder for oral care

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bharathi M ◽  
Rajalingam D ◽  
Vinothkumar S ◽  
Artheeswari R ◽  
Kanimozhi R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Mutants

Herbal tooth powders consisting of various ingredients that are available in the market in a wide range. Hence modern methods focusing on these aspects are useful for the standardization of herbs and their formulations. Consumers believed by using herbal-based toothpowders are safe, effective, and less toxic. This study is thus aimed to provide an alternative to the consumer and formulate herbal tooth powder using Clove, Neem Stem, Acacia Stem, Stevia Leaf, Mustard Oil, Salt, Ginger and Amla. The oral cavity infections are the most common types of infections. Dental caries is an infectious disease, causes damage and infection of enamel and dentine. If it is not treated, the infection continues and will lead to tooth loss. The mouth contains normal flora of opportunistic bacteria that are normally non-pathogenic. The imbalance of this situation causes infection and tooth decay. Streptococcus mutants are considered as the main species involved in the development of dental caries. S. mutants, acid-producing bacteria, causes fermentation of carbohydrates which results in tooth decay. Therefore, in the present work, the following aspects of Herbal tooth powders were planned for the formulation, standardization of herbal tooth powder, and anti-bacterial screening of the extracts of herbal tooth powder. 

Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1ß Levels and Oral Health in Pakistani Male Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158-1163
Author(s):  
S. A. Hamza ◽  
S. Asif ◽  
S. A. H. Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker

Aim: Smoking induces changes in salivary inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study status and explored association among salivary Interleukin-1β, oral diseases and smoking. Methods: Data of male smokers of a private institute recruited for a randomized clinical trial is analyzed for this paper. Demographic and systemic information were collected. Oral disease status was examined and saliva sample collected for IL-1β levels. IL-1β levels and other study variables were analyzed with respect to smoking status categorized into smoking years and cigarettes per day. The student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22) with significance level of p≤0.050. Results: Analysis of baseline data of seventy-eight smokers showed elevated levels of IL-1β with increasing smoking, higher BMI. Smoking was higher among aged, married and low-income individuals. Pearson partial correlation analysis, after controlling age, marital status, education, income, and BMI, demonstrated a positive significant relationship of smoking per day with smoking years; dental caries with missing teeth and calculus; gingivitis with missing teeth and calculus; periodontitis with dental caries, calculus and gingivitis. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that levels of IL-1β were raised in smokers, however; there was no association with oral disease parameters. Large studies may be conducted to observe status and association of smoking, oral disease and salivary biomarkers. Keywords: Smoking, Oral Health, IL-1β, Males

Oral Health and Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole. A. Palmer ◽  
Zhangmuge Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Oral Conditions

Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases affecting global health. In his report on the crisis in oral disease in America, the Surgeon General warned that one cannot be truly healthy without oral health. Oral health means freedom from all oral health problems; tooth decay (dental caries), periodontal diseases, tooth loss, oral-facial pain, oral cancer and the effects of its treatment, oral infections, craniofacial birth defects and more. The relationships between oral conditions and systemic health and disease are many and synergistic, and most involve dietary and/or systemic nutritional factors. Diet and nutrition can play important roles in the etiology, prevention, and/or management of oral conditions, as they do in overall health and disease. Today, all health professionals and educators need to be aware of and consider oral issues and their possible diet/nutritional implications as a component of optimal health care and education. This review article provides a brief overview of how diet and nutrition impact and are impacted by oral conditions, and offers general guidelines and resources for providing meaningful interventions throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 57 references Key Words: biofilm, cariogenic, dental caries, dental plaque, ECC-early childhood caries, lactobacillus, mucositis, non-cariogenic, periodontal disease, Streptococcus mutans

scholarly journals Oral health seeking behaviors of adults in Nebbi District, Uganda: a community-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Ocwia ◽  
Ronald Olum ◽  
Pamela Atim ◽  
Florence Laker ◽  
Jerom Okot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Dental health is often neglected by the majority of the population and has contributed to the global burden of oral diseases. We assessed awareness, utilization and barriers to seeking oral health care among adults in Nebbi District, Uganda. Methods A community-based, cross sectional study was conducted in the central division, Nebbi District in Uganda among adults between the age of 18 years or older. An interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection on socio-demographic characteristics, oral health awareness, oral health utilization, associated factors and barriers. Results A total of 400 adults with a median age of 32 years (interquartile range 24–43) years were enrolled. More than half (57.5%, n = 230) of the participants were female. Participants identified smoking (42.8%, n = 171) and consumption of sugary foodstuffs (29.0%, n = 116) as risk factors for oral disease. Not brushing was also identified by 260 participants (65.0%) as the cause of tooth decay and 95.8% (n = 383) believed brushing one’s teeth could prevent tooth decay. Of the 51.5% (n = 206) who had experienced a toothache or discomfort 12 months prior to the study but only about half (52%, n = 106) had sought healthcare from a dental clinic or facility. About 89.5% (n = 94) of the participants were able to see a dentist during their last visits. Dental carries (76.6%, n = 70) and gum bleeding (14.9%, n = 14) were the most frequent reasons for visiting a dental clinic, and 73.7% (n = 70) had their tooth extracted. Barriers to seeking oral healthcare were cost of treatment (47.5%, n = 190), and long waiting time (18.5%, n = 74). The odds of seeking oral healthcare was 2.8-fold higher in participants who were being married (Odds ratio (OR): 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.3, p = 0.011) and 3.5-fold higher among housewives (COR: 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.4, p = 0.040). Conclusion About half of the participants had sought healthcare following a dental condition. Cost of treatment seems to be an important factor affecting utilization of oral health services. Optimization of costs, and creating awareness regarding benefits of utilizing preventive dental services are recommended.

scholarly journals Flossing Is Associated with Improved Oral Health in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1047-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Marchesan ◽  
K.M. Byrd ◽  
K. Moss ◽  
J.S. Preisser ◽  
T. Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hygiene Behavior

The effect of preventive oral habits is largely unexplored in older individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between home use of flossing and prevalence of periodontal disease and caries in older adults. Five-year incident tooth loss was also evaluated. Data on 686 individuals ≥65 y-old from the Piedmont 65+ Dental Study were examined including: 1) interproximal clinical attachment level (iCAL), 2) interproximal probing depth (iPD), 3) numbers of caries, and 4) missing teeth. Flossing behavior was evaluated according to the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) system. Five-year follow-up data ( n = 375) was evaluated for incident tooth loss. Dichotomous and categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson chi-square tests as well as covariate-adjusted Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests. Multiple linear regression compared clinical parameters based on flossing behavior. Elderly flossers had lower (mean, SE) %iCAL≥3 mm (38.2, 2.38 vs. 48.8, 1.56) and %iPD≥4 mm (8.70, 1.41 vs. 14.4, 0.93) compared to nonflossers ( P ≤ 0.005). Flossers showed less coronal caries compared to nonflossers ( P = 0.02). Baseline number of missing teeth (mean, SE) was 11.5 (0.35) in nonflossers compared to 8.6 (0.53) in flossers ( P < 0.0001). Regular dental visitors had lower oral disease levels compared to episodic dental users. The majority of flossers classified into PPC-Stage I (health) whereas nonflossers classified as PPC-Stages V, VI, and VII (disease). At the 5-y follow-up visit, the average tooth loss for flossers was ~1 tooth compared to ~4 teeth lost for nonflossers ( P < 0.0001). Among all teeth, molars showed the highest benefit (>40%) for flossing behavior ( P = 0.0005). In conclusion, the extent of oral disease for older individuals was significantly less in flossers than in nonflossers. Flossers showed less periodontal disease, fewer dental caries, and loss of fewer teeth over a 5-y period. These findings further support flossing as an important oral hygiene behavior to prevent oral disease progression in older adults.

Causes and Patterns of Loss of Permanent Teeth among Patients Attending a Dental Teaching Institution in South India

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep S. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
South India ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Teaching Institution ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Aim The aims of the present study are to determine the causes and pattern of loss of permanent teeth among patients attending a dental teaching institution in southern India. Methods and Materials Data collected from patients attending the outpatient wing of the Sri Sankara Dental College, Kerala, during a three month period was used for the study. The cause for extraction was classified as follows: (1) caries and its sequelae, (2) periodontal disease, (3) orthodontic purposes, (4) impactions, (5) prosthodontic purposes, and (6) other reasons. Results A total of 1791 permanent teeth were extracted of which 708 (39.5%) teeth were extracted due to caries and its sequelae, 508 (28.4%) due to periodontal disease, 347 (19.4%) for orthodontic purposes, 29 (1.6%) due to impactions, 155 (8.7%) for prosthodontic purposes, and 44 (2.5%) for other reasons. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest caries and periodontal disease are the major causes of tooth mortality in the study population. Clinical Significance Data regarding the causes of tooth loss indirectly provides invaluable information on the pattern of oral health in a population which can be utilized for planning public health policies designed to address the burden of oral diseases. Citation Anand PS, Kuriakose S. Causes and Patterns of Loss of Permanent Teeth among Patients Attending a Dental Teaching Institution in South India. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2009 Sept; 10(5). Available from: http://www. thejcdp.com/journal/view/causes-and-patterns-ofloss- of-permanent-teethamong-patients-attendinga-d.

scholarly journals Individuals’ quality of life in periodontal maintenance therapy - critical literature review.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Amanda Almeida Costa ◽  
◽  
Fernando Oliveira Costa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Maintenance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Oral health is an integral part of an individual’s general health, interfering with all dimensions of life: functional, aesthetic, psychological, social, physical, nutritional, and even psychosocial. Hence oral health is directly related to quality of life. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases and one of the major causes of tooth loss, impacting negatively on self-reported individuals’ quality of life. Periodontal maintenance therapy aims to effectively minimize the recurrence of periodontal disease, as well as the incidence of tooth loss. In periodontal literature, studies associated with quality of life indicators, presented in the form of questionnaires aimed at measuring the impact of periodontitis and tooth loss on self-reported individual’s quality of life, highlight the "Oral Impacts on Daily Performance" (OIDP) and "Oral Health Impact Profile" (OHIP). As such, this study presents a critical review of the literature and describes the impact of periodontal disease and tooth loss on the quality of life of patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy.

scholarly journals Gambaran Kehilangan Gigi pada Mahasiswa Tahap Profesi Dokter Gigi

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Juliatri Juliatri ◽  
Pritartha S. Anindita
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Abstract: Tooth loss can occur due to various causes including caries and periodontal disease. Dental clerkship students are expected to have a good level of understanding of dental and oral health, therefore, they can prevent tooth loss due to dental and oral diseases such as caries or periodontal disease. This study was aimed to obtain the description of tooth loss among dental clerkship students at Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University (PSPDG FK Unsrat) Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design using total sampling method. Data were collected by means of questionnaires containing the identity and status of respondents with tooth loss, and were analyzed to determine the frequency and distribution of tooth loss. Out of a total of 228 students, 156 students filled in the questionnaires with a response rate of 68.4%. The results showed that 103 or 66% of respondents experienced tooth loss of one or more teeth and the total number of all missing teeth were 240 teeth. Caries was the most prominent cause of tooth loss, as many as 144 teeth or 60%. Of the 240 missing teeth, 202 teeth were not replaced with dentures. In conclusion, the prevalence of tooth loss among dental clerkship students at PSPDG FK Unsrat was 66%. Caries was the most common cause of tooth loss. Most of the missing teeth were not replaced with dentures for various reasons.Keywords: tooth loss; dental student  Abstrak: Kehilangan gigi dapat terjadi akibat berbagai hal di antaranya karies dan penyakit periodontal. Mahasiswa tahap profesi dokter gigi diharapkan memiliki tingkat pemahaman tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang baik sehingga dapat mencegah kehilangan gigi yang disebabkan oleh penyakit gigi dan mulut seperti karies atau penyakit periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kehilangan gigi pada mahasiswa tahap profesi dokter gigi di Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi (PSPDG FK Unsrat) Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Penentuan sampel dengan metode total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi identitas dan status kehilangan gigi responden, dan dianalisis untuk mengetahui frekuensi dan distribusi kehilangan gigi responden. Dari total 228 mahasiswa, sebanyak 156 mahasiswa mengisi kuesioner dengan response rate sebesar 68,4%. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan 103 atau 66% responden mengalami kehilangan satu atau lebih gigi dengan jumlah keseluruhan gigi yang hilang 240 gigi. Karies merupakan penyebab kehilangan gigi paling tinggi yaitu sebanyak 144 gigi atau 60%. Dari 240 gigi yang hilang, sebanyak 202 gigi tidak dibuatkan gigi tiruan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi kehilangan gigi pada mahasiswa tahap profesi PSPDG FK Unsrat sebesar 66%. Karies merupakan penyebab kehilangan gigi paling tinggi. Sebagian besar gigi yang hilang tidak dibuatkan gigi tiruan dengan berbagai alasan.Kata kunci: kehilangan gigi; mahasiswa kedokteran gigi

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