scholarly journals Shedding “LIGHT” on the Link between Bone and Fat in Obese Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomina Brunetti ◽  
Maria Felicia Faienza ◽  
Laura Piacente ◽  
Giuseppina Storlino ◽  
Angela Oranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Obesity may affect bone health, but literature reports are contradictory about the correlation of body mass index (BMI) and bone markers. LIGHT, one of the immunostimulatory cytokines regulating the homeostasis of bone and adipose tissue, could be involved in obesity. The study involved 111 obese subjects (12.21 ± 3.71 years) and 45 controls. Patients underwent the evaluation of bone status by quantitative ultrasonography (QUS). LIGHT amounts were evaluated in sera by ELISA, whereas its expression on peripheral blood cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Osteoclastogenesis was performed by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with or without anti-LIGHT antibodies. Obese patients showed significant high BMI-standard deviation score (SDS), weight-SDS, and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) that negatively correlated with the reduced Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS)-Z-score and Bone Transmission Time (BTT-Z)-score. They displayed significantly higher serum levels of LIGHT compared with controls (497.30 ± 363.45 pg/mL vs. 186.06 ± 101.41 pg/mL, p < 0.001). LIGHT expression on monocytes, CD3+-T-cells, and neutrophils was also higher in obese patients than in the controls. Finally, in PBMC cultures, the addition of anti-LIGHT antibodies induced a significant osteoclastogenesis inhibition. Our study highlighted the high serum levels of LIGHT in obese children and adolescents, and its relationship with both the grade of obesity and bone impairment.

scholarly journals The immunoregulatory function of peripheral blood CD71+ erythroid cells in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikaru Kanemasa ◽  
Masataka Ishimura ◽  
Katsuhide Eguchi ◽  
Tamami Tanaka ◽  
Etsuro Nanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Systemic Onset

AbstractCD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) are recognized to have an immunoregulatory function via direct cell–cell interaction and soluble mediators. Circulating CECs appear in newborns or patients with hemolytic and cardiopulmonary disorders. To assess the biological role of CECs in systemic inflammation, we studied the gene expression and function in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SoJIA patients expressed upregulated erythropoiesis-related genes. It represented the largest expansion of CECs during active phase SoJIA among other inflammatory diseases. Despite the opposing roles of erythropoietin and hepcidin in erythropoiesis, both serum levels were in concert with the amounts of SoJIA-driven CECs. Circulating CECs counts in inflammatory diseases were positively correlated with the levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-18, or soluble TNF receptors. Co-culture with active SoJIA-driven CECs suppressed secretions of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 from healthy donor monocytes. The top upregulated gene in SoJIA-driven CECs was ARG2 compared with CECs from cord blood controls, although cytokine production from monocytes was suppressed by co-culture, even with an arginase inhibitor. CECs are driven to the periphery during the acute phase of SoJIA at higher levels than other inflammatory diseases. Circulating CECs may control excessive inflammation via the immunoregulatory pathways, partly involving arginase-2.

scholarly journals Serum Chemerin Levels Correlate With Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955651985378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jun Ba ◽  
Ling-Ling Xu ◽  
You-Zhen Qin ◽  
Hong-Shan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate serum chemerin concentrations in obese children and adolescents and to investigate the associations of chemerin with body mass index (BMI), lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity. Methods: Forty-eight obese and 40 nonobese Chinese children and adolescents were included in the study. BMI and levels of chemerin, lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured following an overnight fast. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) were determined for all participants. Results: Serum chemerin levels were found to be significantly higher in obese children and adolescents than in control group members (94.83 ± 5.99 ng/mL vs 56.43 ± 4.16 ng/mL, P < .001). There were significant correlations between chemerin and age, BMI, BMI-SDS, total triglyceride (TG) levels, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. After controlling for age, we found that chemerin levels were also significantly correlated with BMI-SDS (r =+ 0.284, P = .008) and HOMA-IR (r =+ 0.241, P = .034). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, we observed only BMI-SDS to be an important determinant of chemerin level. Conclusions: In our sample of Chinese children and adolescents, chemerin levels were significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group. Chemerin levels were positively correlated with BMI-SDS and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with age. We thus believe that further study is necessary to investigate the risk of metabolic abnormalities in young obese children and adolescents.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Gene Expression Analysis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Response to a Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel de Luis ◽  
David Primo ◽  
Olatz Izaola ◽  
Rocío Aller
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
The Mean

Background. Few studies have examined gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after a dietary intervention. Objective. Our study is aimed at evaluating in a pilot study the peripheral blood gene expression in obese patients after weight loss secondary to a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet. Design. A sample of 11 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome was enrolled. Biochemical, anthropometric parameters and microarray analysis were performed at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. Results. The mean age was 43.1 ± 6.3 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.6 ± 8.1  kg/m2. All the next improvements were statistically significant: body weight − 7.4 ± 1.9  kg, BMI - 2.5 ± 0.2  kg, fat mass − 5.7 ± 1.2  kg, waist circumference − 5.8 ± 1.2  cm, triglycerides − 17.4 ± 6.5  mg/dl, C-reactive protein − 3.1 ± 1.5  mg/dL, insulin − 2.1 ± 1.0  mUI/L, and HOMA-IR − 0.7 ± 0.2  units. We identified 634 differentially expressed genes: 262 genes with relative higher expression levels and 372 with lower expression levels. Cluster analysis showed 35 genes in nutritional disease and 17 genes in endocrine system. The most relevant gene was thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and this gene was overexpressed, and the next genes carbonic anhydrase VI (CA6), caveolin protein 1 (CAV1) and solute carrier family type 12 (SLLC12A3), soluble carrier family type 12 (SLLC12A3), beta 3 receptor (ADRB3), and glutamate receptor ionotropic N methyl D aspartate 2 A (GRIN2A) were all underexpressed. Conclusion. In PBMC from obese patients after a diet with a Mediterranean pattern, the expression of 634 genes, of the endocrine system and of nutritional disease, is modified.

scholarly journals THE H. PYLORI-RELATED VIRULENCE FACTOR CAGA INFLUENCES THE EXPRESSION OF CHEMOKINES CXCL10, CCL17, CCL20, CCL22, AND THEIR RECEPTORS BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM PEPTIC ULCER PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-374
Author(s):  
Shila JALALPOUR ◽  
Vahid MIRZAEE ◽  
Mohammad TAHERI ◽  
Mahmood Sheikh FATHOLLAHI ◽  
Hossain KHORRAMDELAZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: During the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, the infiltration of the leukocytes into stomach mucosa is directed by locally produced chemokines that play a decisive role in infection outcome. The CagA is the most potent virulence factor of HP, so that the infection with CagA + strains is associated with more severe complications than infection with CagA - HP. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the expression of chemokines CXCL10, CCL17, CCL20 and CCL22, and their receptors by CagA + HP- and CagA - HP-derived crude extract (HP-CE)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from peptic ulcer (PU) patients. METHODS: The serum and the PBMCs were collected from 20 HP-infected PU patients, 20 HP-infected asymptomatic subjects (HIA) and 20 non-infected healthy subjects (NHS). The PBMCs were cultured in absence of stimulator or with 10 µg CagA + HP crude extract (CagA + CE), 10 µg CagA - HP crude extract (CagA - CE). Chemokines and receptors were measured by ELISA and real time-PCR respectively. RESULTS: In PU patients, the production of chemokines CXCL10, CCL17, CCL20 and CCL22, and the expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR4 and CCR6 by CagA + CE-induced PBMCs were significantly higher than non-stimulated and CagA - CE stimulated cultures. The CXCL10 production by CagA + CE stimulated PBMCs from HIA subjects was significantly higher than the equal cultures from PU and NHS groups. The CCL17 and the CCL20 production by non-stimulated, CagA + CE stimulated, and CagA - CE stimulated PBMCs from PU subjects were significantly higher than the equal cultures from NHS and HIA groups. The CCL22 production by non-stimulated, CagA + CE stimulated and CagA - CE stimulated PBMCs from NHS group were significantly higher than the equal cultures from HIA and PU groups. The CagA + CE stimulated PBMCs from HIA subjects expressed lower amounts of CCR6 in comparison with CagA + CE stimulated PBMCs from NHS and PU groups. The serum levels CXCL10 and CCL20 in PU and HIA groups were significantly higher than NHS subjects. NHS and HIA groups displayed higher serum levels of CCL22 in comparison with PU patients. CONCLUSION: Results indicated that the CagA status of bacterium influence the expression of chemokines and receptors by HP-CE stimulated PBMCs from PU patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Perilipin (PLIN) Gene Variation on Metabolic Syndrome Risk and Weight Loss in Obese Children and Adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4933-4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Deram ◽  
Christiane Y. Nicolau ◽  
Pablo Perez-Martinez ◽  
Isabel Guazzelli ◽  
Alfredo Halpern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children

Context: Genetic polymorphisms at the perilipin (PLIN) locus have been investigated for their potential utility as markers for obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). We examined in obese children and adolescents (OCA) aged 7–14 yr the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the PLIN locus with anthropometric, metabolic traits, and weight loss after 20-wk multidisciplinary behavioral and nutritional treatment without medication. Design: A total of 234 OCA [body mass index (BMI = 30.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2; BMI Z-score = 2.31 ± 0.4) were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. We genotyped four SNPs (PLIN1 6209T→C, PLIN4 11482G→A, PLIN5 13041A→G, and PLIN6 14995A→T). Results: Allele frequencies were similar to other populations, PLIN1 and PLIN4 were in linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 0.999; P &lt; 0.001). At baseline, no anthropometric differences were observed, but minor allele A at PLIN4 was associated with higher triglycerides (111 ± 49 vs. 94 ± 42 mg/dl; P = 0.003), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40 ± 9 vs. 44 ± 10 mg/dl; P = 0.003) and higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (4.0 ± 2.3 vs. 3.5 ± 2.1; P = 0.015). Minor allele A at PLIN4 was associated with MS risk (age and sex adjusted) hazard ratio 2.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.1–4.9) for genotype GA and 3.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.2–9.9) for AA. After intervention, subjects carrying minor allele T at PLIN6 had increased weight loss (3.3 ± 3.7 vs. 1.9 ± 3.4 kg; P = 0.002) and increased loss of the BMI Z-score (0.23 ± 0.18 vs. 0.18 ± 0.15; P = 0.003). Due to group size, risk of by-chance findings cannot be excluded. Conclusion: The minor A allele at PLIN4 was associated with higher risk of MS at baseline, whereas the PLIN6 SNP was associated with better weight loss, suggesting that these polymorphisms may predict outcome strategies based on multidisciplinary treatment for OCA.

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