scholarly journals Placental Leucine Aminopeptidase as a Potential Specific Urine Biomarker for Invasive Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Matsukawa ◽  
Shigehiko Mizutani ◽  
Kunio Matsumoto ◽  
Yukio Kato ◽  
Masato Yoshihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Invasive Cancer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumor Group ◽  
Urine Biomarker ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aminopeptidase P

Background: A non-invasive and sensitive biomarker for the detection of ovarian cancer (OvCa) is lacking. We aim to investigate if urinary placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) can serve as a reliable biomarker for OvCa. Methods: P-LAP activity was measured using a LAP assay kit (Serotech Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan) in the urine of 22 patients with benign or borderline malignant ovarian tumors and 18 patients with OvCa. In this assay, L-methionine was added at 20 mM because P-LAP is functional, but other aminopeptidases are inhibited at this dose of L-methionine. Results: The mean urinary P-LAP activity was significantly higher in the OvCa group than in the benign or borderline malignant tumor group. When the cut-off value of P-LAP was determined as 11.00 U/L, its sensitivity and specificity for differentiating invasive cancer were 77.8% and 95.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the usefulness of this test should be confirmed in a larger cohort of cases and controls, our study is the first to highlight the importance of urinary P-LAP as a biomarker for OvCa.

scholarly journals Sucrose Permeability: A Simple Non-Invasive Marker of Gastro-Duodenal Damage in Dyspepsia

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tapan Kumar Saha Kumar Saha ◽  
Arabinda Mohan Bhattarai ◽  
Manushree Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Permeability Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Diagnosis of gastro-duodenal mucosal damage usually requires endoscopy, an invasive procedure. An attempt has been made to assess the clinical validity of sucrose permeability test as a non-invasive marker of gastro-duodenal damage.Methods: The test was carried out in 65 patients of dyspepsia evaluated by endoscopy and 21 healthy controls. On endoscopy, gastro-duodenal epithelial damage was assessed in all patients of dyspepsia and grouped as: group 1 (normal gastro-duodenal mucosa, n=18), group 2 (Gastric ulcer, n=15), group 3 (Duodenal ulcer, n=10), group 4 (Gastritis, n=12) and group 5 (Duodenitis, n=10).Results: The mean urinary sucrose excretions (mg) in 5 hours after 100g oral load was found to be significantly higher in patients of gastric ulcers (183.6 ±169.7, p value < 0.001), duodenal ulcers (151.7± 79.2, p value <0.001), gastritis (115.6±59.2, p value <0.001) and duodenitis (105.2± 122.2, p value <0.05) as compared to controls (35.2±17.2). However, the mean sucrose excretion in patients of dyspepsia with normal endoscopic findings (42.5±14.8 mg) was almost similar to the control group (p value >0.05). A ROC curve analysis taking endoscopic findings as gold standard was undertaken to find the optimum cut-off to detect gastro-duodenal epithelial damage.Conclusions: The cut-off value of 64.5 mg/5h for urinary sucrose excretion provided the best sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of both surgical (gastric and duodenal ulcer) and non-surgical (gastritis and duodenitis) gastro-duodenal mucosal damage. At this cutoff sucrose permeability test provided a sensitivity of 72 % and specificity of 92%. Similarly, a cut-off value of 66.5 mg/5h of urinary sucrose excretion provided the best sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of surgical gastro-duodenal mucosal damage with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 97%. 

scholarly journals Sucrose permeability: A simple non-invasive marker of gastro-duodenal damage in patients of dyspepsia

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabinda Mohan Bhattarai ◽  
Tapan Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Permeability Test ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Diagnosis of gastro-duodenal mucosal damage usually requires endoscopy, an invasive procedure. An attempt has been made to assess the clinical validity of sucrose permeability test as a non-invasive marker of gastro-duodenal damage.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: The test was carried out in 65 patients of dyspepsia evaluated by endoscopy and 21 healthy controls. On endoscopy, gastro-duodenal epithelial damage was assessed in all patients of dyspepsia and grouped as: group 1 (normal gastro-duodenal mucosa, n=18), group 2 (Gastric ulcer, n=15), group 3 (Duodenal ulcer, n=10), group 4 (Gastritis, n=12) and group 5 (Duodenitis, n=10).</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The mean urinary sucrose excretions (mg) in 5 hours after 100g oral load was found to be significantly higher in patients of gastric ulcers (183.6 &plusmn;169.7, p value &lt; 0.001), duodenal ulcers (151.7&plusmn; 79.2, p value &lt;0.001), gastritis (115.6&plusmn;59.2, p value &lt;0.001) and duodenitis (105.2&plusmn; 122.2, p value &lt;0.05) as compared to controls (35.2&plusmn;17.2). However, the mean sucrose excretion in patients of dyspepsia with normal endoscopic findings (42.5&plusmn;14.8 mg) was almost similar to the control group (p value &gt;0.05). A ROC curve analysis taking endoscopic findings as gold standard was undertaken to find the optimum cut-off to detect gastro-duodenal epithelial damage.</p> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The cut-off value of 64.5 mg/5h for urinary sucrose excretion provided the best sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of both surgical (gastric and duodenal ulcer) and non-surgical (gastritis and duodenitis) gastro-duodenal mucosal damage. At this cutoff sucrose permeability test provided a sensitivity of 72 % and specificity of 92%. Similarly, a cut-off value of 66.5 mg/5h of urinary sucrose excretion provided the best sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of surgical gastro-duodenal mucosal damage with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 97%.

scholarly journals Ricerche sulla familiarità del carcinoma ovarico

1958 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Soini ◽  
A. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Hormonal Factor ◽  
Solid Carcinoma ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYThe Autors have begun a genetic research on the ovarian cancer. In this first part of the work:1. it has been defined the group of the “ primary cases ” in which have been included 74 cases of solid carcinoma, 108 cases of cystic carcinoma and 93 cases of unclassified malignant tumor of the ovary.2. it has been studied the age of appearance and the age incidence variation of the ovarian cancer, and it has been found that:a) the mean age of appearance is 51,15 ± 0,64 years, but it lowers to 48,94 ± 0,68 years for the solid carcinoma and rises to 52,36 ± 0,90 years for the cystic carcinoma;b) the period of the greatest frequency of the disease is between 40-60 years of age, followed by a sharp decrease over age 65;3. it has been analysed the fertility of the patients, and it has ben recorded a decrease of the mean fertility up to 29% as compared to the general population;4. it has been mentioned the importance of the hormonal factor as a problable condition for the development of the ovarian cancer, that nevertheless calls for other — likely idiotypic — factors.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Markers of Liver Fibrosis in Children with Chronic Hepatic Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Shahramian ◽  
Manijeh Khalili ◽  
Alireza Sargazi ◽  
Alireza Dechal ◽  
Mostafa Bazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Biopsy Examination ◽  
Center Study

Background: The applicability of non-invasive markers for predicting hepatic fibrosis in the pediatric population with chronic liver abnormalities is unclear. Objectives: We investigated the applicability of common non-invasive liver fibrosis parameters for detecting liver fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis. Methods: This was a double-center study in Amir-Almomenin Hospital of Zabol and Namazi Hospital of Shiraz (2015 - 2017). Liver fibrosis was confirmed by biopsy examination. AST to platelet ratio (APRI), AST to ALT ratio (AAR), and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) were evaluated. Results: Out of 47 patients, 23 (48.9%) were females, and 24 (51.1%) were males. The mean age was 9.8 ± 11.3 months. APRI and FIB-4 correlated with fibrosis stages (r = 0.1 and r = 0.2, respectively). APRI showed an AUC of 0.541 for detecting non-advanced fibrosis (stages 0, 1, and 2). AAR and FIB-4 represented AUCs of 0.622 and 0.592 for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively. The highest sensitivity of APRI (70%) was obtained at the cut-off point of 0.81 for cirrhosis. The highest specificities for APRI were observed at 0.66 (68%) and 1.37 (68%) for fibrotic stages 0 and 2, respectively. At the thresholds of 0.71 and 0.59, AAR rendered 78% sensitivity and 90% specificity for advanced fibrosis (stages 3 and 4) and no fibrosis (stage = 0), respectively. FIB-4 showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (70% and 60%) at the cut-off point of 0.21 for detecting cirrhosis. Conclusions: APRI, FIB-4, and AAR can be regarded as useful markers in predicting fibrotic transformation in children with various etiologies of chronic hepatitis.

scholarly journals D-dimer for the prediction of left atrial appendage thrombosis: daydream or reality? A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Casula ◽  
F Fortuni ◽  
R Frassica ◽  
M.G Coccia ◽  
G Magrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
The Mean ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Introduction Left atrial appendage thrombosis (LAAT) is a dangerous condition that mainly affects patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or those with mitral stenosis (MS), increasing their risk of stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of LAAT but some technical issues and the suboptimal sensitivity in identifying small thrombi, especially within a side lobe, can limit its clinical usefulness. Reliable non-invasive diagnostic methods could be useful in clinical practice. D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product already commonly used in the diagnostic work-up of conditions such as venous thromboembolism, may have a role as a non-invasive marker of LAAT. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of D-dimer for the detection of LAAT in patients with AF and/or MS, using TEE as the reference standard. Methods We searched the literature for studies that evaluated the ability of D-dimer to predict LAAT. For each study a 2x2 table of D-dimer positivity and LAAT presence was constructed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. Considering the different diagnostic thresholds used in the included studies, the overall sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a hierarchal summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model and a SROC curve was generated. Results 6 studies, evaluating 1380 patients of whom 154 had LAAT, were included in the analysis. The prevalence of LAAT in the studies ranged from 9% to 26%, with a median of 12%. The mean age was 60±13 years, 63% were male. The mean left atrial diameter was 43±3 mm. The D-dimer diagnostic threshold ranged from 200 mcg/l to 1150 mcg/l. The overall sensitivity calculated with the HSROC model was 85%±28% and the overall specificity was 82%±29%. The negative predictive value was 98%. Figure 1 shows the summary ROC curve: individual studies are depicted by a clear circle; the red circle marks the pooled sensitivity and specificity across the 6 studies. The red dot-dashed-curve marks the boundary of the 95% credible region for the pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Our analysis shows that D-dimer has a good diagnostic performance with a very high negative predictive value for LAAT and therefore it might be of clinical aid for ruling out the presence of LAAT in patients with AF and/or MS. Further studies are needed to determine the best diagnostic threshold. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Quantification of small-scale heterogeneity in aquatic aminopeptidase activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
BM Gaas ◽  
JW Ammerman
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Aminopeptidase Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
Sequential Samples ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is one of the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of peptides, and is sometimes used to indicate potential nitrogen limitation in microbes. Small-scale variability has the potential to confound interpretation of underlying patterns in LAP activity in time or space. An automated flow-injection analysis instrument was used to address the small-scale variability of LAP activity within contiguous regions of the Hudson River plume (New Jersey, USA). LAP activity had a coefficient of variation (CV) of ca. 0.5 with occasional values above 1.0. The mean CVs for other biological parameters—chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrate concentration—were similar, and were much lower for salinity. LAP activity changed by an average of 35 nmol l-1 h-1 at different salinities, and variations in LAP activity were higher crossing region boundaries than within a region. Differences in LAP activity were ±100 nmol l-1 h-1 between sequential samples spaced <10 m apart. Variogram analysis indicated an inherent spatial variability of 52 nmol l-1 h-1 throughout the study area. Large changes in LAP activity were often associated with small changes in salinity and chlorophyll fluorescence, and were sensitive to the sampling frequency. This study concludes that LAP measurements in a sample could realistically be expected to range from zero to twice the average, and changes between areas or times should be at least 2-fold to have some degree of confidence that apparent patterns (or lack thereof) in activity are real.

Diagnostic Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening of β-thalassemia by Cell Free Fetal DNA and Fetal NRBC

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nadia Shafei ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi ◽  
Massoud Houshmand ◽  
Siavash Gerayeshnejad ◽  
Fardin Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Multiple Displacement Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Background: Beta thalassemia is a common disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. The most prenatal diagnostic methods are the invasive techniques that have the risk of miscarriage. Now the non-invasive methods will be gradually alternative for these invasive techniques. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of two non-invasive diagnostic methods for fetal thalassemia using cell free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) and nucleated RBC (NRBC) in one sampling community. Methods: 10 ml of blood was taken in two k3EDTA tube from 32 pregnant women (mean of gestational age = 11 weeks), who themselves and their husbands had minor thalassemia. One tube was used to enrich NRBC and other was used for cff-DNA extraction. NRBCs were isolated by MACS method and immunohistochemistry; the genome of stained cells was amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) procedure. These products were used as template in b-globin segments PCR. cff-DNA was extracted by THP method and 300 bp areas were recovered from the agarose gel as fetus DNA. These DNA were used as template in touch down PCR to amplify b-globin gen. The amplified b-globin segments were sequenced and the results compared with CVS resul. Results: The data showed that sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by NRBC were 100% and 92% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by cff-DNA were 100% and 84% respectively. Conclusion: These methods with high sensitivity can be used as screening test but due to their lower specificity than CVS, they cannot be used as diagnostic test.

scholarly journals CT perfusion in peripheral arterial disease—hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Veit-Haibach ◽  
Martin W. Huellner ◽  
Martin Banyai ◽  
Sebastian Mafeld ◽  
Johannes Heverhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Therapy Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was the assessment of volumetric CT perfusion (CTP) of the lower leg musculature in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) before and after interventional revascularisation. Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic PAD of the lower extremities requiring interventional revascularisation were assessed prospectively. All patients underwent a CTP scan of the lower leg, and hemodynamic and angiographic assessment, before and after intervention. Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) was determined. CTP parameters were calculated with a perfusion software, acting on a no outflow assumption. A sequential two-compartment model was used. Differences in CTP parameters were assessed with non-parametric tests. Results The cohort consisted of 24 subjects with an occlusion, and five with a high-grade stenosis. The mean blood flow before/after (BFpre and BFpost, respectively) was 7.42 ± 2.66 and 10.95 ± 6.64 ml/100 ml*min−1. The mean blood volume before/after (BVpre and BVpost, respectively) was 0.71 ± 0.35 and 1.25 ± 1.07 ml/100 ml. BFpost and BVpost were significantly higher than BFpre and BVpre in the treated limb (p = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively), but not in the untreated limb (p = 0.641 and 0.719, respectively). Conclusions CTP seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences in calf muscles before and after revascularisation in patients with symptomatic PAD. We could show that CTP parameters BF and BV are significantly increased after revascularisation of the symptomatic limb. In the future, this quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method for surveillance and therapy control of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Key Points • CTP imaging of the lower limb in patients with symptomatic PAD seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation in PAD patients. • This quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method, for surveillance and therapy control of patients with PAD.

scholarly journals Attitudes about Testicular Self-Examination among Polish Males

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Tomasz Milecki ◽  
Natalia Majchrzak ◽  
Adam Balcerek ◽  
Maciej Rembisz ◽  
Michał Kasperczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Self Examination

Introduction: Epidemiological data indicate an increased incidence of testicular cancer (TC), making it the most common malignant tumor in men from aged 15–45. Oncological and urological associations recommend that men with specific TC risk factors should regularly perform a testicular self-exam (TSE). The aim of the study was to discover the attitudes among Polish males regarding TSE and factors (environmental, social, educational) that affect intention to perform TSE. Methods: An original survey containing 21 questions was used to conduct a study among the Polish branch of VW (Volkswagen Poland) employees. Results: A total of 522 fully completed questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the surveyed respondents was 32 years. Information about TC and how to perform TSE was obtained by 34.4% (n = 185) of the men. It was shown that the following factors increase men’s intention to perform TSE: TC in their family member (p < 0.05; HR = 5.9; 95% Cl: 1.5–23.0), GP’s(General Practitioner) recommendations (p < 0.001; HR = 6.8; 95% Cl: 3.2–14.3), concern expressed by their partner (p < 0.001; HR = 3.3; 95% Cl: 2.1–5.3), and social campaigns (p < 0.001; HR = 2.6; 95% Cl: 1.5–4.6). Conclusions: Approximately half of young polish males do not perform TSE. Access to information on TC prevention is limited. Further action is needed to improve men’s awareness of TC and TSE.

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